• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

Ten-week-old White Leghorn immature males and females were exposed to four lighting regimens: a constant light (12L : 12D); repeated up and slow down (13 min. up and 1 min. down per day for 13 consecutive days, and repeated on two-week cycle) lighting; repeated slow up and down (1 min. up per day for 13 consecutive days and 13 min. down, and repeated on two-week cycle) lighting; and step-up (14 min. up every second week) lighting. At 15 weeks of age, significantly larger testis and comb weights and significantly higher concentrations of plasma LH and testosterone were observed in the cockerels under the repeated slow up and down lighting regimen than those under the other lighting regimens. At 20 weeks of age, significantly larger oviduct weights and significantly higher concentrations of plasma estradiol were observed in the pullets under the repeated up and slow down, and the step-up lighting regimens than those under the other lighting regimens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

LED lightings combined with IT technology can provide variable illumination environments that can be controlled by users according to their emotional need and preferences. This is one of the most beneficial functions compared with conventional lightings offering only fixed color and brightness. There is however lack of analysis data for creating practical lighting solutions satisfying user preferences in a wide range of applications from residential to commercial places. To materialize the technical advantages of user-controllable LED lightings, more observation data are required in various situations. Therefore, dissimilar emotional needs are determined in the present study for compartmental office spaces (staff lounge room, meeting room and desk job place) through subjective experiments by 45 observers. The optimum lighting conditions (CCT and illuminance) are finally obtained using Response Surface Method and relevant prediction functions are also deduced. The final outcome can be applied for making user-preferred office illumination products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.23-35
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• 2013

In this study, we collected the emotion vocabulary novel related to the LED system light emotion and the existing terms through previous research, targeting professionals and KJ method, we selected emotion term of 35 kinds. Targeting this east Foreigner, we compared the emotion evaluation by changing the lighting elements in accordance office, meeting room, lounge, the OA room different behavior patterns. The results, showing the difference between the results of emotion existing research generally derived factors three axes "future, functionality" See, "stability", "activity". As a result of the comparison of the emotion of the East and the West, the Oriental, functional aspects of the LED system light of space office, meeting room, lounge is drawn most, On the other hand, Westerners, come up, stable surface shows the difference in accidentally. Based on these results, the future, and tries to utilized to evaluate the emotion reaction of the illumination elements each Test-Bed actual.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.51-56
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• 2001

The idea to improve the quality of lighting design in interior spaces has gained importance in the last years. This experimental study concentrates on the quality of lighting and the relation between lighting arrangements and perception. A individual office room having four different lighting arrangements was prepared and the differences between the perception of the participants under each lighting arrangement was evaluated. The results suggested that lighting system and arrangements affect interior perception. Wall washing enhanced the impressions of clarity and order, cove lighting enhanced the ceiling higher respectively and other and tungsten-halogenated uplighting made the same space relaxing, private and pleasant.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.78-86
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• 2014

Lighting in indoor space is being changed to system lighting converged with IT technology. Office space lighting with incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps was completed through overall lighting plan by illumination in most cases, but convergence between LED lighting and IT technology enables the technology of responding to user requirements to be realized. Optical physical quantity suitable for humans and the lighting environment in accordance with user's sensibility, based on space function and user's behavior, would contribute to the improvement of service productivity, energy reduction, and enhancement of emotional satisfaction by providing user optimized lighting solution. Thus, user-customized system lighting guidelines to be applied with integration indicators of optics and sensibility are required. For the design elements required by users, environmental factors, product characteristics, optical characteristics, and sensibility factors are drawn from the design cases for office space and the survey, and the design check list and evaluation indicators are considered to reflect the requirements in the design and requirement indicators to give integrated satisfaction for optics and sensibility are developed. Purpose-centered design method from the user's viewpoint is applied to function-focused design through scenario, and it should be applied flexibly, as the new lightning design method solutions, to the concept design stage of space lighting design and device development. This paper, therefore, presents user-customized guidelines by pursuing the optics and sensibility evaluation and design method combining the requirement conditions and scenario, to be used for lighting content development and design.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

Lighting represents a significant component of commercial buildings, particularly office buildings. Fluorescent lighting is invariably used in all commercial, industrial and residential areas. A significant amount of lighting energy is wasted every day by leaving the lights on and not utilizing daylight energy. However, if daylight illuminance can be harnessed, this will reduce the electricity consumption of fluorescent lamps and save energy. This paper explains possible significant savings in lighting energy consumption and hence in costs, without reducing the performance and visual satisfaction in office or industrial buildings. It is proposed to obtain energy saving by reducing the supply voltage without degradation in lighting performance. Experimental results confirm that as much as 20% of electrical energy can be saved by reducing about 9% of the supply voltage, without noticeably affecting light output while complying with lighting standard limits.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

The daylighting control system has to be applied to prevent the excessive incident daylight and reduce energy use. As the one of the most useful daylighting control systems, the blind system is simple and easy to install on the window for small office buildings. This study aims to evaluate the summer energy performance of small office buildings by venetian blinds and energy saving strategy of ministry of knowledge economy in korea. For the study, the simulations have been executed on blind installation conditions and lighting control methods. As results, the energy loads cut down 22 to 25(%) by using blind energy. Also, the efficient shows high on EMS system and low on $45^{\circ}$ slat angles. Also, using energy saving strategy can reduce about 13(%) energy load.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.8-17
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• 2012

Unlike traditional lightings, LED lighting is one of objects that sends user an emotional segments through brightness control from various color temperature and dimming control. Also, within present interior lighting environment, emotional researches about traditional fluorescent lamp and newly implemented LED lighting environment are in active progress. Despite the fact adjectives describing emotions and scale modeling have been repeatedly used in many cases for a long time, there seems to be a lack of results in reliability, and there is a limitation for applying into actual lighting design. The purpose of this study is to construct an actual sized test-bed, which is used to draw out one's emotional words of behavior patterns from inner emotional experiences about lighting environment in an office space. Also, having fluorescent lamp and LED lighting as the main test subjects, we have tested emotional parts according to the changes of color temperature and adjective vocabularies chosen from user's action, and we have compared and analyzed the drawn out data. Also, having fluorescent lamp and LED lighting as the main test subjects, we have tested emotional parts according to the changes of color temperature and adjective vocabularies chosen from user's action, and we have compared and analyzed the drawn out data.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 2015

Objective:This study aims to investigate the correlation between office environment satisfaction levels and workers' subjective symptoms by conducting surveys asking office workers to state their subjective symptoms and office satisfaction levels. Background: The increased number of office workers and their work hours have led to new understandings of the importance of office environments including its temperature, humidity, noise levels, lighting, space arrangements, and quality of air. Method: Specific details on office work, office environment, office space satisfaction levels, workplace related symptoms, absence from work, due to workplace-related symptoms, were analyzed based on the survey answers given by 451 office workers who were the subjects of this research. Results: Office workers showed different characteristics of subjective symptoms depending on their gender, age, work experience, and time spent resting and on computers. Also, differences in symptoms were found for workers with different satisfaction levels for office environment (temperature, humidity, noise levels, quality of air, lighting) and office space arrangements (location of monitors, area and display of office space, chairs and desks). Conclusion and Application: Relationship between workers' satisfaction levels with the office environment and their subjective symptoms is expected to be serve as essential data for systematic management of the workplace.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2015

Objective: As a cue for desired mood, we attempted to identify types of sitting postures when people are involved in various tasks during their working hours. Background: Physical behaviors in reaction to user contexts were studied, such as automated posture analysis for detecting a subject's emotion. Sitting postures have high feasibility and can be detected robustly with a sensing chair, especially when it comes to an office. Method: First, we attached seven sensors, including six pressure sensors and one distance sensor, to an office chair. In Part 1, we recorded participants' postures while they took part in four different tasks. From the seven sensors, we gathered five sets of data related to the head, the lumbar, the hip, thigh pressure and the distance between the backrest and the body. We classified them into four postures: leaning forward, upright, upright with the lumbar supporting, and leaning backward. In part 2, we requested the subjects to take suitable poses for the each of the four task types. In this way, we compared the matches between postures and tasks in a natural setting to those in a controlled situation. Results: We derived four types of sitting postures that were mapped onto the different tasks. The comparison yielded no statistical significance between Parts 1 and 2. In addition, there was a significant association between the task types and the posture types. Conclusion: The users' sitting postures were related to different types of tasks. This study demonstrates how human emotion can interact with lighting, as mediated through physical behavior. Application: We developed a posture-based lighting system that manipulates the quality of office lighting and is operated by changes in one's posture. Facilitated by this system, color temperatures ranging between 3,000K and 7,000K and illuminations ranging between 300lx and 700lx were modulated.