• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.261-270
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• 2019

Background: People with the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS), a group of heritable disorders of connective tissue, often report experiencing dental procedure pain despite local anesthetic (LA) use. Clinicians have been uncertain how to interpret this apparent LA resistance, as comparison of EDS and non-EDS patient experience is limited to anecdotal evidence and small case series. The primary goal of this hypothesis-generating study was to investigate the recalled adequacy of pain prevention with LA administered during dental procedures in a large cohort of people with and without EDS. A secondary exploratory aim asked people with EDS to recall comparative LA experiences. Methods: We administered an online survey through various social media platforms to people with EDS and their friends without EDS, asking about past dental procedures, LA exposures, and the adequacy of procedure pain prevention. Among EDS respondents who both received LA and recalled the specific LA used, we compared agent-specific pain prevention for lidocaine, procaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and articaine. Results: Among the 980 EDS respondents who had undergone a dental procedure LA, 88% (n = 860) recalled inadequate pain prevention. Among 249 non EDS respondents only 33% (n = 83) recalled inadequate pain prevention (P < 0.001 compared to EDS respondents). The agent with the highest EDS-respondent reported success rate was articaine (30%), followed by bupivacaine (25%), and mepivacaine (22%). Conclusions: EDS survey respondents reported nearly three times the rate of LA non-response compared to non-EDS respondents, suggesting that LAs were less effective in preventing their pain associated with routine office dental procedures.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

The effects of the Froude numbers on turbulent flow patterns downstream of a non-submerged spur dike were investigated in a laboratory flume. Three-dimensional velocities and water depths were measured using Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry and distance sensors under three Froude number conditions ($Fr_d=0.31$, 0.38, and 0.46). The results show that there are marginal differences in the velocity fields downstream of a spur dike due to the change of the Froude number. However, an increase of the Froude number was found to reduce cross-sectional area in the flow and to increase the strength of the jet-like flow. The jet-like flow was observed to displace the location of the maximum turbulence kinetic energy within a cross section toward the inner bank in the transverse direction.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.489-510
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for detecting convective initiation (CI) using GEO-KOMPSAT-2A/advanced meteorological imager data. The algorithm identifies clouds that are likely to grow into convective clouds with radar reflectivity greater than 35 dBZ within the next two hours. This algorithm is developed using statistical and qualitative analysis of cloud characteristics, such as atmospheric instability, cloud top height, and phase, for convective clouds that occurred on the Korean Peninsula from June to September 2019. The CI algorithm consists of four steps: 1) convective cloud mask, 2) cloud object clustering and tracking, 3) interest field tests, and 4) post-processing tests to remove non-convective objects. Validation, performed using 14 CI events that occurred in the summer of 2020 in Korean Peninsula, shows a total probability of detection of 0.89, false-alarm ratio of 0.46, and mean lead-time of 39 minutes. This algorithm can be useful warnings of rapidly developing convective clouds in future by providing information about CI that is otherwise difficult to predict from radar or a numerical prediction model. This CI information will be provided in short-term forecasts to help predict severe weather events such as localized torrential rainfall and hail.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2022

Objectives: Academic stress poses a significant risk for the mental health of medical students, and a feasible group intervention program for managing academic stress is required. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on the mental health of Korean medical students. Methods: The class of first-year medical school students (n=36) participated in an after-school EFT group intervention program comprising six sessions (15 minutes/session, three weeks) to analyze its clinical effectiveness as a single-group test-retest clinical study. The changes in the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores were examined using a paired t-test and Cohen's D at post-EFT and two-week follow-up. Results: There were significant curtailments at post-EFT and follow-up measures in TAI-Total (t=2.704 and t=3.289), TAI-Worry (t=2.297 and t=2.454), TAI-Emotionality (t=2.763 and t=3.654), PSS-Negative Perspective (t=2.659 and t=3.877), and PANAS-Negative Affect (t=2.885 and t=3.259) subscales, however not in PSS-Positive Perspective (t=-1.279 and t=-1.101) and PANAS-Positive Affect (t=0.194 and t=-0.122) subscales. The trait anxiety (t=2.227) was significantly mitigated in the post-EFT measure and the state anxiety (t=2.30) in the follow-up measure. Conclusions: The EFT group intervention alleviated test stress, negative affect, and anxiety in the Korean medical students. This study contributes to an understanding of academic stress and EFT intervention in the competitive environment of medical education.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2023

Background: Advancements in airport screening measures in response to 9/11 have resulted in increased false alarm rates for patients with orthopedic and metal implants. With the implementation of millimeter-wave scanning technology, it is important to assess the changes in airport screening experiences of patients who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Methods: Here, 197 patients with prior anatomic and reverse TSA completed between 2013 and 2020 responded to a questionnaire regarding their experiences with airport travel screening after their operation. Of these patients, 86 (44%) stated that they had traveled by plane, while 111 (56%) had not. The questionnaire addressed several measures including the number of domestic and international flights following the operation, number of false alarm screenings by the millimeter-wave scanner, patient body habitus, and presence of additional metal implants. Results: A total of 53 patients (62%) responded "yes" to false screening alarms due to shoulder arthroplasty. The odds of a false screening alarm for patients with other metal implants was 5.87 times that of a false screening alarm for patients with no other metal implants (P<0.1). Of a reported 662 flights, 303 (45.8%) resulted in false screening alarms. Greater body mass index was not significantly lower in patients who experienced false screening alarms (P=0.30). Conclusions: Patients with anatomic and reverse TSA trigger false alarms with millimeter-wave scanners during airport screening at rates consistent with prior reports following 9/11. Patient education on the possibility of false alarms during airport screening is important until improvements in implant identification are made. Level of evidence: IV.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.205-213
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• 2016

This study clarified the definition and interpretation of terms relating to SMEs Priority System. First, 'Domestic' is defined that the address of office is in our country. Second, 'Technology utilization capacity' is defined that the de facto capacity to technology commercialization and utilization. for example. development or production or sales activity of the production using national r&d performance. Third, 'priority' in priority consideration is defined that when there are many companies trying sign technology utilization contract, technology providers shoud provide the opportunity of signing contract to SMEs primarily. 'priority consideration' is defined that technology providers shoud try to do enough to sign a contract with SMEs. This study has significance in that raising the application of the current SMEs Priority System.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Innovative cluster theory promotes cluster growth as the tacit knowledge and know-how approach becomes easier through industry-academia cooperation. Industry-academia cooperation is an innovation network policy that supports joint research between industry and academia. In this respect, The Flow of recent government policy is activating I-U support office in university & research institute for enable I-U Cooperation ecosystem. Then SMB Administration was first performed "research village support program", to support SMEs in industry-university cooperative research capabilities by integrating the research, development and commercializatin of the university or research institution with excellent research base in 2013. However, I-U Cooperation R&D must be based the link strategy of Localization in order to be better composition at research village. In the case of research villages where specialized discovery strategies are well reflected, integration of similar companies in specialized fields will naturally create clusters and create synergy of research. This study searching and summarizing through a recent Hanbat National University research village. Finally, we propose the implications of government policy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 2006

For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data on working environment of small scale manufacturing industries and preventing the occupational diseases of workers in these industries, authors surveyed the status of working environment to several chemical substances and physical agents by types of industry and types of process in the small scale manufacturing industries with less than five workers in Gimhae including 235 workplaces, 14 types of industry and 25 types of process from January 2002 to December 2004. This measurement method was work environment measurement method (established in Ministry of Labor, Korea), analytical methods (2nd Ed.) of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and manual of analytical methods (4th Ed.) of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 for windows, the results were as follows: 1. Noise generated in 14 types of industry and 22 types of process. an actual level of mean exposure (90.7 dB(A)) exceeded threshold limit values (TLVs) in manufacture of other transport equipment. An actual level of mean exposure (90.2dB) exceeded TLVs in the process of wire-drawing and 90.4dB in the process of wire-stranding. 2. Dusts of type I, II, III were generated in 9 types of industry and 8 types of process. Its mean concentration did not exceed TLVs. 3. Heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr, Ni) were generated in 7 types of industry and 7 types of process. Its mean concentration did not exceed TLVs. 4. 16 kinds of organic solvents were generated in 11 types of industry and 6 types of process. Its mean concentration did not exceed TLVs. As the above results, chemical substances and physical agents were generated in the several different types of industry and process of the manufacturing industry with less than five workers, and only mean level of noise was exceeded TLVs. In case of exceeding threshold limit values, improvement of work environment is actively needed, and work environment management should be performed continuously for prevention of an occupational diseases and work related diseases.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.670-677
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• 2016

The $6^{th}$ industrialization of agricultural areas, which is the strategy to combine the 2nd industry and the 3rd industry with the 1st industry, is one of the main policy strategies of the inistry of agriculture, food and rural affairs in Korea. This policy strategy focuses on the promotion of small- and medium-size farmers or business firms including agricultural management organizations. Even though various policy programs have been implemented for the $6^{th}$ industrialization of agricultural areas, many agricultural management organizations still claim problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the actual conditions of policy programs for the $6^{th}$ industrialization of agricultural areas and to suggest a development plan for the $6^{th}$ industrialization policy for agricultural producers. Especially, we focus on the point of view of agricultural management organizations in Chungnam region. The results of this study present some findings as follows: first, the $6^{th}$ industrialization policy in the agricultural area needs to aim at improving software systems, including human resource systems. Second, the policy programs should focus on improving resident's welfare through building more public facilities and amenities. Third, a strategy of selection and a focus on long-term programs are required to increase the efficiency of policy programs for the $6^{th}$ industrialization of agricultural areas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1276-1284
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• 2014

In southeastern regions of the US, herbage systems are primarily based on grazing or hay feeding with low nutritive value warm-season perennial grasses. Nutritious herbage such as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) may be more suitable for preserving as baleage for winter feeding even with more intensive production inputs. Emerging in-line wrapped baleage storage systems featuring rapid wrapping and low polyethylene film requirements need to be tested for consistency of storing nutritive value of a range of annual ryegrass herbage. A ryegrass storage trial was conducted with 24-h wilted 'Marshall' annual ryegrass harvested at booting, heading and anthesis stages using three replicated in-line wrapped tubes containing ten round bales per tube. After a six-month storage period, nutritive value changes and fermentation end products differed significantly by harvest stage but not by bale location. Although wilted annual ryegrass exhibited a restricted fermentation across harvest stages characterized by high pH and low fermentation end product concentrations, butyric acid concentrations were less than 1 g/kg dry matter, and lactic acid was the major organic acid in the bales. Mold coverage and bale aroma did not differ substantially with harvest stage or bale location. Booting and heading stage-harvested ryegrass baleage were superior in nutritive value to anthesis stage-harvested herbage. Based on the investigated nutritive value and fermentation characteristics, individual bale location within in-line tubes did not significantly affect preservation quality of ryegrass round bale silages.