• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.266-268
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• 2001

As we move to competition, transmission cost become more and more important. At the wholesale competition market, the process of settlement must include the cost of transport. The aim of this paper is to calculate approximate transmission cost at each power sales district office using KEPCO data. We considered investment cost, transmission constraints and marginal losses as cost elements which must be taken into account in transmission cost calculation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.38-44
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• 1997

According to office building design in Korea, building exterior and office automatic systems through introducing IB system have been improved. However, the lower floors of a building are functionally easy to transfer but actually functions as an enterance. Although at takes a large investment by the owner or enterprise, mainly the tenants and neighbors are in a broad sense the actual users. In this point of view, the lobby of an office bulidling which is the connection between the exterior as a public space and the interior as a private area, does not only have the function of an enterance but also has to be an image of the enterprise or the building itself. Therefor the lobby must contain various functions of space.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2021

Purpose - This study analyzed the correlation between economic liberalization and foreign direct investment. The purpose of this study is to seek ways to attract foreign direct investment from developing countries. Design/methodology/approach - This study analysed with observations of 19 from 2000 to 2018 using a fixed effect model, a random effect model, and a two-way fixed effect model. Findings - First, it was found that economic liberalization had a positive effect on attracting foreign direct investment in the early stages of economic liberalization. Second, it was found that economic liberalization in the deepening stage of economic liberalization had a negative effect on attracting foreign direct investment. In general, it was found that the higher the level of economic liberalization in developing countries is not accompanied by innovative changes in the industrial structure, the higher the level of economic liberalization is likely to decrease the inducement of foreign direct investment due to negative factors such as an increase in labor costs. Overall, this study approved that Economic liberalization have a non-linear (inverted U-shape) relationship with the inflow of foreign direct investment. Research implications or Originality - First, this study attempted to expand the variables for the determinants of FDI by analyzing economic factors which is a determinent of FDI. Second, economic liberalization generally has a positive effect on foreign direct investment, but it proved that it does not have only positive effects as a factor of attracting foreign direct investment in developing countries. The advantage of low wages in ASEAN countries acts as a factor for foreign direct investment, but as the degree of economic liberalization increases, the environment such as government size, guarantee of property rights, international trade freedom, fiscal soundness, and regulations change positively. On the other hand, it can be suggested that if the industrial level is less, it may lead to a loss of comparative advantage and a decrease in investment.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.165-191
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• 2005

While a number of studies have recognized the importance of environment of channel systems and consequences of changed environment, only limited studies have dealt with this issue theoretically and practically. The purpose of this study is to empirically validate whether one dimension of environment, called dynamism, has an influence on the relationship characteristics such as transaction specific investment, opportunism and conflict or not; further, it is designed to delve into whether these relationship characteristics have any influence on one crucial relationship quality, 'trust' and its two constituent dimensions - credibility and benevolence. In order to provide empirical validation, a survey was conducted to 163 sales office managers at a major newspaper publisher in Korea. An analysis of the data retrieved from this survey indicated that while environmental dynamism has a positive influence on the publisher's opportunism and conflict perceived by the sales office managers, it did not show a direct influence on the transaction specific investment made by the publisher. Furthermore, while publisher's transaction specific investment had a positive influence on the credibility and the benevolence respectively, publisher's opportunism and level of sales office conflict had a negative influence on the credibility and the benevolence respectively. Currently, a publisher is facing an unprecedentedly dynamic environment. This study should provide ample implications for the publisher in establishing trust, which is a crucial condition in developing and maintaining a long-term successful relationship with its sales offices.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Korea government published renewable energy obligation policy that public building must be supplied some part of total consumption energy (2019: 27%, 2020: 30%). RETScreen is freely available global energy tool that developed by Canadian National Energy Laboratory to quantify energy saving to compare conventional system. This program can be performed energy modeling, cost analysis, greenhouse gas emission analysis and financial analysis. In this study, GSHP (Ground source heat pump) heating and cooling system were studied for the energy deliverly and ROI (Return On Investment) in an office building. Three cases were studied according to the number of HP (Heat pump) units for the 1,000㎡ office building located in Daejeon. Results indicated that the energy delivery of the case 1 (1 HP unit) covered 57% of the office building heating and cooling energy consumption. The case 2 (2 HP units) covered 87.8% and the case 3 (3 HP units) covered 96.8% of the office building energy consumption. The ROI of the case 1 indicated 7.9 years. While 8.2 years for the case 2 and 9.7 years for the case 3.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.635-645
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• 2020

This research was conducted to achieve several objectives and focus research was based on financial behavior theory and prospect theory as grounded theory e.g., investigate the financial decision-making behavior between financial and real assets investment, and confirm the relationship existing between herding behavior and overconfidence factors to the level of loss and regret aversion, and financial literacy into real assets investment decisions. The study used 220 real estate auction respondents as investor samples at the State Assets and Auction Service Office Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data was collected through the use of a questionnaire consisting of 23 questions to measure the variables. Moreover, the research data passed through several feasibility tests like the inner and outer modeling by Partial Least Square - Structural equation model (PLS-SEM) while the hypotheses formulated were also tested to determine the magnitude of the variable relationship. Through the use of the direct and intervening test, loss and regret aversion variables have a positive and significant effect while financial literacy variables have no significant effect. There is a slight difference in the decision-making process for real assets and financial assets investors. Investment decision making behavior in the financial assets sector requires less complicated decisions compared to the decisions related to real assets investments.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2018

Despite the advantages of energy arbitrage using energy storage systems (ESSs), the high cost of ESSs has not attracted storage owners for the arbitrage. However, as the costs of ESS have decreased and the price volatility of the electricity market has increased, many studies have been conducted on energy arbitrage using ESSs. In this study, the existing two-period model is modified in consideration of the ESS cost and risk-free contracts. Optimal investment strategies that maximize the sum of external effects caused by price changes and arbitrage profits are formulated by market participants. The optimal amounts of ESS investment for three types of investors in three different market structures are determined with game theory, and strategies in the form of the mixed-complementarity problem are solved by using the PATH solver of GAMS. Results show that when all market participants can participate in investment simultaneously, only customers invest in ESSs, which means that customers can obtain market power by operating their ESSs. Attracting other types of ESS investors, such as merchant storage owners and producers, to mitigate market power can be achieved by increasing risk-free contracts.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.325-333
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• 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and export are now often regarded as two of the most important drivers of economic growth on a worldwide scale. The impact of foreign direct investment on Vietnam's exports is investigated in this study. The data for the time period 1985-2020 was obtained from the World Bank and the Vietnam General Statistics Office. The years 1985 to 2020 were chosen to evaluate the evolution of macroeconomic parameters since 1986. The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on renovation reform. The Johansen co-integration test proved that FDI and domestic investment (DI) had a long-term positive impact on Vietnam's export growth. The Granger causality test revealed that there is a one-way relationship between FDI and export in the near term, but no such relationship exists between DI and export. The result of the variance decomposition study demonstrates that the FDI sector has a bigger impact on Vietnam's export growth than the DI sector. Furthermore, export activities are vulnerable to FDI sector shocks. As a result, in recent years, FDI has been regarded as the most important factor of export growth in Vietnam.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

This study examined patterns and determinants of families’supplementary educational investment on children. By supplementary educational investment, it meant the amounts of money spent on children’s education other than regular formal schooling expenses. The data used were from the 「1996 Household Expenditure Survey」conducted by the National Statistical Office. The statistical methods employed were descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and logistic multiple regression analysis. Results of cluster analysis revealed five different patterns of family supplementary education expense with relatively even proportion of families allocated to each pattern. The five education expenditure patterns were arts education dominant; other education dominant; gymnastics·clerical·computer education dominant; college entrance exam preparation dominant; and private tutoring dominant. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that the possibility of being in a pattern affected by various family socioeconomic variables. Important factors affecting there patterns were children’s schooling stage, residence, and mother’s education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

This paper shows prioritization process for equipment investment plans considering reliability indices and economical efficiency. To decide prioritization of distribution investment projects, we made a distribution system model using system configuration, it's component and load information and designed several investment alternatives to improve reliability of present system. Lastly, we proposed a evaluation model of economical efficiency assessment on distribution investment alternative projects. To analyze influence by reliability and economical efficiency, we produced economical effects with applying time-varying failure rate of KEPCO's main equipments of distribution system and interruption cost of electric power affected by investment. Finally, in order to insure the validity of this proposed methodology, we compared investment prioritization by economical evaluation with that of real investment alternatives of KEPCO's branch office. In conclusion, this paper shows what and how to interpret the reliability effects of distribution system investments into financial indicators beneficial for power utilities's managers to make decision on the perspective of corporate value.