• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the emission concentrations of 31 odorous compounds from various emission sources of 37 individual companies located within the Ban Wal industrial complex of Ansan city, Korea. In the course of our study, we attempted to evaluate emission characteristics of different industrial activities and relative significance of different odorous components . Based on our measurements of odorous compounds, we were able to find a line of evidence to draw a conclusion that a number of odorous compounds can be used as indices to specifically point out the influence of certain industrial activities. It was found that hydrogen sulfide and trimethyl amine record the highest contribution from leather industry. Likewise, acetaldehyde showed its maximum contribution from food-beverage sector, while ammonia for paper-mill, pulp production sector. On the other hand, the results of styrene and most YOC including BTEX were not useful, as their concentrations were not significantly high enough to judge from such respect.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 1999

Biofiltration is an attractive technique for elimination of VOCs and odorous compounds from low-concentration, high-volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study was to estimate the removal characteristics of Odorous Compounds including $H_2$S, $NH_3$End BTEX in MSW landfill gases. This Study was conducted at Nanjido landfill site. A compost from the Nanjido composting facility was used as a filling material for biofiltration. Extracted landfill gases were injected into biofilter reactors after mixing with air. Experiments were performed in an incubator being set to $20^{\circ}C$ $H_2$S concentrations were monitored at the depths of 25, 50, 75 and 100cm from the bottom Of the biofilter reactors. 98% of $H_2$S was removed at the filling depth of only 25cm. NH$_3$removal rate was about 85%. Toluene removal rate was the highest among BTEX. Significant pH drop of a filling material was not observed during the biofilter operation of 1 month. Without mixing the landfill gas stream with all, the removal rate of $H_2$S decreased down to 30%.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.674-681
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• 2008

Silver as a metal catalyst has been used to remove odorous compounds. In this study, silver particles in nano sizes ($5{\sim}30nm$) were prepared on the surface of $NaHCO_3$, the supporting material, using a sputtering method. The silver nano-particles were dispersed by dissolving $Ag-NaHCO_3$ into water, and the dispersed silver nano-particles in the aqueous phase was applied to remove inorganic odor compounds, $NH_3$ and ${H_2}O$, in a scrubbing reactor. Since ammonia has high solubility, it was removed from the gas phase even by spraying water in the scrubber. However, the concentration of nitrate (${NO_3}^-$) ion increased only in the silver nano-particle solution, implying that the silver nano-particles oxidized ammonia. Hydrogen sulfide in the gas phase was rapidly removed by the silver nano-particles, and the concentration of sulfate (${SO_4}^{2-}$) ion increased with time due to the oxidation reaction by silver. As a result, the silver nano-particles in the aqueous solution can be successfully applied to remove odorous compounds without adding additional energy sources and producing any harmful byproducts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2008

The emission characteristics of odorous compounds discharged from the major environmental treatment facilities in Chungju were closely investigated by an ammonia passive sampler and by analyzing a questionnaire of the public complains. Amongst the four major emission sources, the manure treatment facility showed the highest concentration. The major components were sulfur compounds including H$_2$S, tri-methyl amine, and aldehydes. The foodwaste treatment processes releases sulfur compounds and aldehydes. Municipal waste water treatment facility emits a high concentration of acetaldehyde. It was found that the perceived odor level depends on the meteorological condition, and the odor intensity was higher at midnight than daytime.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 2013

This study investigated the effect of slurry additives on reducing the concentration of odorous compounds. Slurry treatments included control, horseradish, spent mushroom, and almond hull (n = 4 each group). Odorous compounds including volatile organic compounds (VOCs phenols and indoles) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs short chain FA, SCFA, and branched chain FA, BCFA) were analyzed. Pigs of 85~120 kg body weight were fed diets formulated to meet the Korean Feeding Standard (2012) and their excretion was sampled from slurry pits. VOCs decreased (p<0.05) in horseradish, spent mushroom, and almond hull, compared to the control. SCFA was lower (p<0.05) in the horseradish group and BCFA was lower (p<0.05) in all three treatment groups compared to the control. Taken together, the tested additives are effective in reducing odorous compounds in pig slurry, indicating that the use of spent mushroom and almond hull can not only recycle the agri-byproduct but also reduce the impact of odors on surrounding communities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.28.1-28.8
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• 2017

Background: Major amino acids in pig diets are Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, but little is known about the requirements for the other essential amino acids, especially on odorous compounds and microbial characteristics in feces of growing-finishing pigs. To this end, different levels of amino acid composition added to diets to investigate the effects of amino acid composition on microbial characteristics and odorous compounds concentration. Methods: A total eight (n = 8) barrows (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) with an average bodyweight of $89.38{\pm}3.3kg$ were individually fed diets formulated by Korean Feeding Standards 2007 (old version) or 2012 (updated with ideal protein concept) in metabolism crates with two replication. After 15-day adaptation period, fresh faecal samples were collected directly from pigs every week for 4 weeks and analysed for total volatile fatty acids (VFA), phenols and indoles by using gas chromatography. The nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method. Bacterial communities were detected by using a 454 FLX titanium pyrosequencing system. Results: Level of VFA tended to be greater in 2012 than 2007 group. Among VFAs, 2012 group had greater (p < 0.05) level of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) than control.Concentration of odorous compounds in feces was also affected by amino acid composition in pig diet. Levels of ammonium and indoles tended to be higher in 2012 group when compared with 2007 group.Concentration of phenols, p-cresol, biochemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, however, were lower (P < 0.05) in 2012 treatment group compare to 2007. The proportion of Firmicute phylum were decreased, while the Bacteriodetes phylum proportion increased and bacterial genera includingCoprococcus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides increased (p < 0.05) in 2012 compare to 2007 group. Conclusion: Results from our current study indicates that well balanced amino acid composition reduces odor by modulating the gut microbial community. Administration of pig diet formulated with the ideal protein concept may help improve gut fermentation as well as reduce the odor causing compounds in pig manure.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

As a typical example of simultaneous analysis of the odorous compounds, the volatile organic compounds from inventory sources in Seongseo industrial area were concentrated and analyzed with thermal desorber/GC/MSD, and major malodorous compounds were estimated. Odor intensity and odor concentration was analyzed simultaneously During a period from November in 2002 to December in 2003, this study was conducted to evaluate malodor emission characterization in major treatment facilities. The major components were Dimethyl sulfide, Dimethyl disulfide, Methyl mercaptane, Ammonia, Benzene, Toluene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, Styrene, 1,2,4­T.M.B and 1,3,5-T.M.B. Among the six major inventory sources, the odor unit concentration of Night-soil disposal facilities was the highest, $669\~2344\;ou/m^{3}.$

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2007

It disposes positively in the air pollution damage which is serious, in order help period the place where it improves the quality of existence and life of the local residents. It removed the offensive odor regulation material and the technique it will be able to prevent to sleep it researched it did. After scattering the GNC solution which develops the offensive odor regulation material which occurs from the food and trash treatment plant which is located to the S from the H, company after scattering the GNC solution which it develops collection it did a control criminal record control kind air and it analyzed. In this study, we investigated the emission concentrations of offensive odorous compounds of hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide, trimethylamine, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, buthylaldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, ammonia. The concentrations of odorous compounds are determined by gas chromatography, HPLC and uv-vis spectroscopy. Hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were not detected at any point examined.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical characteristics. Twelve specific odorous compounds and various sources of bacteria were tested via treatment of food waste using an ultra-thermophilic aerobic composting process. Food waste was mixed with seed material and operated for 47 days. During composting, the temperature was maintained at $80-90^{\circ}C$. The variations in $O_2$, $CO_2$ and $NH_3$ production suggested typical microorganism-driven organic decomposition patterns. After composting, the concentrations of 12 specific odorous compounds other than ammonia did not exceed the allowable exhaust limits for odor. After composting, thermophiles represented 50% of all bacteria. After composting, the percentage of thermophile bacterial increased by 15%. Therefore, both stable composting operation and economic benefit can be expected when an ultra-thermophilic composting process is applied to food waste.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Musty-odorous compound (Geosmin, 2-Methylisobrneol) 수용액 중에 초음파 (200kHz, $6.0W/cm^{2}$)를 조사시켜 조사시간에 따른 농도 및 취기의 변화를 고찰했다. 초음파 조사에 의해 이 물질들은 빠르게 분해되었고 분해 형태는 농도에 대한 유사1차 반응을 나타내었다. 공기 포화 분위기에서 이들의 초기 분해속도는 각각 2.5 $10^{-3}{\;}Msec^{-1}$(2-MIB), 3.2 $10^{-3}{\;}Msec^{-1}$ (Geosmin)로 나타났다. 초음파 조사 시 포화가스 (Envelope gas)의 영향은 아르곤(Ar) 산소($O_{2}$) 공기(Air) 질소($N_{2}$) 순서로 순수한 아르곤(Ar) 분위기에서 musty-odorous compound 류의 분해가 가장 빠르게 진행되었고 그 분해생성물로 CO, $CO_{2}$ 그리고 HCOOH, $CH_{3}COOH$ 등의 저급 유기산류가 검출되었다. 또한 이들의 분해반응은 물의 초음파분해에 따라 생성된 hydroxylradical에 의한 radical반응, cavitation bubble내에서의 고온고압에 의한 열분해 및 직접연소반응으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다.