• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권11호
• /
• pp.1555-1562
• /
• 2016

Concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in ambient air have been measured from January 2014 to June 2016 in a coastal area near the Ulsan National Industrial Complex. The measurement sites were 1 km, 2.6 km, 5.6 km, and 20 km away from a kraft pulp mill, which is located at the most southern edge of the complex. Concentrations above 0.4 ppb were monitored every 5 min and the highest concentration of the day was determined. From a total of 775 measurement days, hydrogen sulfide concentrations > 20 ppb were recorded on 36 and 38 days at the measurement site closest to the mill and the residential area 2.6 km away from the mill, respectively. At the site farthest from the mill, the concentrations were always 20 ppb lower than the malodor regulation for the residential area but sometimes higher than the odor recognition threshold for hydrogen sulfide. Although several emission sources of hydrogen sulfide have been published in the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register of Korea, the kraft pulp mill is considered to be the biggest contributor of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide in the southern coastal area of Ulsan.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2001

Ammonia emissions during composting of hog manure mixed with sawdust were studied in four runs comprising a total of 22 pilot-scale reactor vessels. These four runs extended previous work and both verified and extended the previous conclusions. The pilot-scale vessels were 205 L insulated stainless steel drums that were aerated either continuously (high/low thermostatically controlled fans) or intermittently (5 min high fan 55 min off). Temperature ammonia emissions air flow rates carbon dioxide production and oxygen utilization moisture and dry matter reduction initial and final chemical compositions were measured. Ammonia emissions from the intermittently aerated vessels were only about 50% as great as those from the continuously aerated ones but this was found to be a result more related to total air flow than to aeration technique. All of the data for total result more related to total air flow were fitted with a linear regression line y=0.139x+29.835 where y is ammonia expressed as g of N and x is air flow in kg with $R^2$=0.6808. this general trend indicates that about 50% reduction in ammonia emissions can be achieved with 75% reduction in air flow. For the aeration techniques used the minimum oxygen level in te exhaust gas from the vessels was 5% and this is probably a resonable lower limit constraining air flow reduction. However within this constraint lower air flow now appears to be a technique that can reduce odorous ammonia emissions.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.1195-1204
• /
• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro fermentation profiles of different soybean oligosaccharides (SBOs) and their effects on skatole production and cecal microbiota of broilers. Methods: Five SBOs with varying main component contents were fermented using an in vitro batch incubation inoculated with broiler cecal microbiota. Gas production was recorded automatically, skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and microbial changes were analyzed using 16S DNA gene sequencing. Results: The addition of SBOs increased (p<0.05) gas production, suggesting bacterial growth-stimulating activities. In addition, the concentrations of indole were significantly (p<0.05) decreased after SBO supplementation, and SBO III, with higher sucrose and stachyose contents, decreased (p<0.05) the skatole level. Our results also revealed that the fermentation of SBOs by cecal microbiota produced (p<0.05) SCFAs, which were dominated by propionic acid, butyrate acid and lactic acid compared to the control. In addition, SBO III increased (p<0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes and Subdoligranulum and decreased that of Bacteroides. Conclusion: These results suggest that SBOs with higher sucrose and stachyose contents are promising prebiotics in modulating gut microbiota and reducing odor emission in broilers.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제65권1호
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2023

The increase in the rearing intensity of pigs has caused deterioration in the pig house's internal environment such as temperature, humidity, ammonia gas, and so on. Traditionally, the widely used method to control the internal environment was through the manipulation of the ventilation system. However, the conventional ventilation system had a limitation to control the internal environment, prevent livestock disease, save energy, and reduce odor emission. To overcome this problem, the air-recirculated ventilation system was suggested. This system has a semi-closed loop ventilation type. For designing this system, it was essential to evaluate the ventilation rates considering the pressure loss of ducts. Therefore, in this study, pressure loss calculation and experiment were conducted for the quantitative ventilation design of a semi-closed loop system. The results of the experiment showed that the inlet through which external air flows should always be opened. In addition, it was also found that for the optimum design of the semi-closed loop ventilation system, it was appropriate to install a damper or a backflow prevention device rather than a ventilation fan.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 겨울철 양돈농가의 육성${\cdot}$비육돈사를 대상으로 돈사내부의 암모니아 가스와 이산화탄소 가스 농도를 측정하여 양돈시설에서 얼마만큼의 암모니아 가스가 발생하는 가를 분석하기 위한 것으로 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육성${\cdot}$비육돈사의 내부의 온도는 최소 $6.4^{\circ}C$, 최대 $18.9^{\circ}C$, 일중 평균 $12.4{\pm}4^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 돈사내부의 온도는 외기의 온도가 $-7.9\~5^{\circ}C$인 것을 고려하면 돼지의 체열에 의한 온도상승으로 가온을 하지 않았음에도 불구하고 외기온도 보다 약 $10^{\circ}C$ 높게 유지되었으며, 외기온의 변화와 같은 경향으로 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 겨울철 육성${\cdot}$비육돈사의 환기율을 분석한 결과 돼지 한 마리당 일평균 $16\;m^3/h$로 나타났으며, 최소 $12\;m^3/h$, 최대 $22.4\;m^3/h$로 최대환기율과 최소환기율에 2배 정도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 겨울철 이산화탄소 농도는 일중 평균 $1,775{\pm}230\;ppm$으로 나타났으며, 환기율과 암모니아 농도를 고려하여 분석한 암모니아 발생량은 일중 평균 $208{\pm}28\;mg/h{\cdot}pig$ 내외로 나타났다. 겨울철에는 다른 계절과 달리 돈사내부의 온도관리를 위해 돈사의 윈치커튼을 닫아 내부의 암모니아 농도는 높으나, 환기율이 상대적으로 낮아 암모니아가스 발생량은 다른 계절과 비교하여 상대적으로 적은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2017

혼합유박은 황화물, 암모니아 그리고 아민이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 악취 저감 미생물을 선별하기 위해 물과 혼합유박이 포함된 바이얼을 농화 배양하였다. 황화물 저감 미생물의 분리를 위해 황화수소 및 메틸메르캅탄 저감 활성실험을 수행하였다. 대조군에는 100 ml 바이알에 혼합유박(0.25 g)과 증류수(10 ml)를 넣어 악취를 발생시켰으며 실험군에는 대조군 바이알과 같은 상태에서 분리균주를 접종하였다. 분리균주 중에서 황화합물의 저감효율이 가장 높은 균주를 일반적인 동정 방법인 16S rRNA sequence 분석으로 동정 결과 Brevundimonas diminuta로 동정되었으며 KCTC에 기탁하여 기탁번호 KCTC11724BP를 부여받았다. B. diminuta는 황화수소 표준가스를 200 ppmv까지 24시간내에 모두 제거하였다. 또한, 황화수소와 메틸머캅탄의 최대 제거 효율은 바이알 실험에서 453 ppmv과 98 ppmv에서 각각 100% 효율을 나타냈다. 또한 돈분을 이용한 악취발생반응기에서는 접종량 20% (v/weight of swine manure)일 때 황화물 95% 이상 제거 효율을 나타냈다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.95-109
• /
• 2014

In this study, the concentration of odorants released from albumin (EA) and yolk (EY) portions of boiled egg samples were determined as a function of storage time. The concentrations were measured at storage days of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 under room temperature. As such, odorants produced during both fresh and decay conditions were measured through time. A total of 19 compounds were selected as the main target odorants along with 12 reference compounds. GC-MS (for VOC) and GC-PFPD system (for sulfur gases) equipped with thermal desorption (TD) system were employed for odorant analysis in this work. The initial concentrations measured from the chamber system were converted into flux terms ($ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$). The EA showed the highest concentration of $H_2S$ (234 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$) at EA-0, and the concentrations of AT (Acetone) was also seen clearly in the range of 11.7 (EA-0) to 58.6 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ (EA-9). The EY showed similar patterns. EtAl (Ethyl alcohol) increased 9.47 (EA-1) to 96.7 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ (EA-9) in EA samples. Ketone, alcohol, sulfur groups generally exhibited high concentrations compared to other odorants. These data were also compared in relation to olfactometry related dilution-to-threshold (D/T) ratio by air dilution sensory (ADS) test and sum of odor intensity (SOI).

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.559-573
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study analyzed the overview of corrugated cardboasrd manufacturing industry and then provide direction for improvement. The BREF (BAT reference document) is an important reference for licensees and officer, including the best available techniques for the industry and achievable environmental performance, technical characteristics, and economic information. In the corrugated cardboard manufacturing process, wastewater pollutants are generated throughout the production process, and water is used in the dissociation and aging process. Atmospheric emissions are mostly generated by steam production from boilers and incinerators for the dry process. SO₂, NOx, CO₂, CO, HCl, dust, VOC, and odor were common. In the EU-BREF (European union BAT reference documents) BAT for wastewater have taken up a relatively large proportion. Items of water pollutants in wastewater were common in COD, BOD, N, P, SS, and however EU-BREF had different pollutants such as AOX and salt compared to K-BREF. In order to improve the quality of the K-BREF, it is necessary to devise basic data research method and data acqusitiom method. Consideration should be given to additional environmental management techniques that reflect the emissions characteristics of the corrugated cardboard manufacturing process. In addition, further research is needed to develop methodologies for selecting BATs considering environmental and economic feasibility.

• 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.277-286
• /
• 2017

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of $PM_{10}$ and $O_3$ concentration on the symptoms of allergic diseases. The questionnaire was used to determine whether or not symptoms of allergic diseases were present from September to October 2012. The air pollution concentration data used was the corresponding point CEM (continuous emission monitoring) data. The average concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $56.09{\mu}g/m^3$ in the control area, and the concentration in the exposed area was $40.44{\mu}g/m^3$. In the two areas, concentration of $O_3$ was 28.73 ppb and 28.74 ppb, respectively. The total average concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $O_3$ were $45.66{\mu}g/m^3$ and 28.73 ppb in the Gwangyang area. The rate of asthma diagnosis was higher in the control area (9.6%) than in the exposed area (4.1%), but the rate of allergy eye disease was higher in the exposed area (23.9%) than in the control area (16.5%). There was a significant difference in the symptoms of some allergic diseases when the relative concentration of $PM_{10}$ and $O_3$ were high and low.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.264-269
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 미생물 첨가에 따라 거세한우 비육우 분의 이화학적 특성, 미생물 성상, 가스발생량 및 퇴비 부숙도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 4주 후, 미생물 첨가구에서 수분, 유기물, 총질소 함량 및 pH가 낮았으며, 나머지 이화학적 특성에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 유산균과 효모균 수는 증가하였으며, 대장균 수는 감소하였다. 12주 후, 미생물 첨가구에서 유산균과 고초균 수는 높았으나, 수분, 효모 및 대장균 수는 낮게 낮았다. 하지만 암모니아, 황화수소 발생량과 퇴비 부숙도는 미생물 첨가에 의한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 거세한우 분에 미생물을 첨가하면 유익균은 증가하고, 병원성 미생물은 감소하여, 비육우의 생산성은 증진될 것으로 사료되지만, 가스 발생량 및 퇴비 부숙도에 대한 추가적인 연구는 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.