• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.50-64
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• 2017

Applications of the second generation of electronic nose in various field such as new food product development, slight rancidity during induction period, classification of similar products, discovery of odor, and odor reduction were reviewed. The possibilities of using electronic noses in areas that are difficult to analyze so far would be done in the future. It is believed that the utility value is expanded not only in the food industry but also in other areas.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.454-459
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• 2006

There are two main streams for pattern classification technology One is the method using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and the other is the method using Neural network. Both of them have merits and demerits. In general, using PCA is so simple while using neural network can improve algorithm continually. Algorithm using neural network needs so many calculations rendering very slow response. In this work, an attempt is made to develop algorithms adopting both PCA and neural network merits for simpler, but faster and smarter.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.6602-6609
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• 2013

돈사에서 발생하는 악취로 인한 주변지역 영향을 EPA가 권장하는 ISCST3 모델을 적용하여 악취모델링을 실시하여 복합악취 기준과 비교하고 악취 저감대책을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 돈사 악취의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 자돈과 성돈에 따라서 평균치와 최소, 최대치로 분류하여 악취 농도를 예측하였다. 양돈장의 혼합 악취의 예측 결과에서 인접 건물들은 허용한계를 초과하나 양돈장으로부터 185m 떨어진 거리에 있는 피해지역에서는 허용한계를 만족하였다. 허용한계에 대한 악취 배출량을 확인하기 위해 관리동에서 누출량을 측정하였으며 누출량 50%, 30%, 10% 기준으로 악취 농도를 예측한 결과는 관리동에서 1hr 기준 최대 발생량이 10.59~52.93, 19.05~31.76, 10.59 $OU/m^3/s/m^2$로 수인한도 10.00 $OU/m^3/s/m^2$를 다소 초과하는 것으로 예측되었으나, 누출량을 10% 미만으로 관리시 수인한도를 만족할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.605-612
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to examine receptor-perceived characteristics of environmental and health damage in areas surrounded by industrial workplaces using environmental complaints collected by local governments in Korea. Methods: The environmental complaint data related to workplaces was collected by local governments at each municipality between the years 2015 and 2017. We analyzed the complaint data from the Busan area by the type of business (industry classification), the content of complaints (odor, smoke, noise, and certain health damage), and the frequency of complaints. Results: Among the workplaces examined, industry categories related to retail and service received the highest frequency of complaints related to noise. On the other hand, complaints of dust and odors were raised in higher frequency against manufacturing industries, indicating that air pollution was the main driver of such complaints. Most of the complaints regarding health effects from industries also contained other complaints, such as odor, noise, and dust. Our results indicate that environmental discomfort can lead to more serious health damage, and should be dealt with more seriously. Further management plans for mitigating discomforts such as noise are necessary. Conclusion: This study can be used as background data for identifying the policy priorities related to vulnerable areas polluted by industry and will contribute to improving the environmental health of residents in identified areas.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.8-11
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• 1997

The odor theory (기미론) has been defined as the Nature (기) and the Taste(미) of traditional herbal medicine to find the logic in treatment of various diseases by them. There is a strong possibility these Na1ures of the drug can be categorized according to yin (음) and yang (음). There is a neutral Nature which does not fit into one of these four categories. To understand the Natures of traditional herbal drugs in modern scientific approaches, changes in rectal temperature of rats have been measured at 0,30, 60, 90 min after a 10 g/Kg oral administration each of 34 different drugs. Following the classification of the four Natures of drugs, only the temperatures of warm group at 30, 60, and 90 min were elevated significantly from the control and the rest groups. Following a modified classification of 3 groups such as cold and cool, warm and hot, and neutral Nature, changes in temperatures after administration of Hot and Warm drugs were also increased significantly from the control (P<0.01). Thus, the measurement of rectal temperature can be a tool to define the Nature (기) of traditional herbal drugs, but the modified classification is another way to do.

• 센서학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2018

An evaluation system for an electronic-nose concept using three types of metal oxide gas sensors that react similarly to the human olfactory cells was constructed for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of aroma fragrances. Four types of aroma fragrances (lavender, orange, jasmine, and Roman chamomile), which are commonly used in aromatherapy, were evaluated. All the gas sensors reacted remarkably to the aroma fragrances and the good correlation of r=0.58-0.88 with the aromatic odor intensities by olfaction was confirmed. From the results of the analysis of an electronic-nose concept for classifying the characteristics of aroma oil fragrances, aroma oils could be classified using the fragrance characteristics and oil extraction methods with the cumulative variability contribution rate of 95.65% (F1: 69.65%, F2: 26.03%) by principal component analysis. In the pattern recognition based on the artificial neural network, the four aroma fragrances were 100% recognized through the training data of 56 cases (70%) out of 80 cases, and the pattern recognition rate was 57.1%-71.4% through the validation and testing data of 24 cases (30%). The pattern recognition success rate through all confusion matrices was 82.1%, indicating that the classification of aroma oil fragrances using the three types of gas sensors was successful.

• 생태와환경
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Algal blooms in potable water supplies are becoming an increasingly prevalent and serious water quality problem around the world. In addition to precipitating taste and odor problems, blooms damage the environment, and some classes like cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) release toxins that can threaten human health, even causing death. There is a recognized need in the water industry for models that can accurately forecast in real-time algal bloom events for planning and mitigation purposes. In this study, using data for an interconnected system of rivers and reservoirs operated by a New Jersey water utility, various ANN models, including both discrete prediction and classification models, were developed and tested for forecasting counts of three different algal classes for one-week and two-weeks ahead periods. Predictor model inputs included physical, meteorological, chemical, and biological variables, and two different temporal schemes for processing inputs relative to the prediction event were used. Despite relatively limited historical data, the discrete prediction ANN models generally performed well during validation, achieving relatively high correlation coefficients, and often predicting the formation and dissipation of high algae count periods. The ANN classification models also performed well, with average classification percentages averaging 94 percent accuracy. Despite relatively limited data events, this study demonstrates that with adequate data collection, both in terms of the number of historical events and availability of important predictor variables, ANNs can provide accurate real-time forecasts of algal population counts, as well as foster increased understanding of important cause and effect relationships, which can be used to both improve monitoring programs and forecasting efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

옻칠은 채취된 산지별, 기후변화별, 채취시기별, 저장 등 각각의 요인에 따라 구성성분이 달라지며, 도료로서의 품등도 달라지는 성질을 가진 천연도료라는 점을 고려할 때 옻칠의 품등 구분은 매우 어렵다. 전통적 방법에 의한 옻칠의 품등구분은 옻칠종사자 10명의 패널에 대한 관능평가에 의해 실시하였다. 옻칠종사자들의 전통적인 옻칠 품등구분 방법의 공통점은 색조, 냄새, 점도, 한지 위 퍼짐성, 유리판 위 색조 및 건조성에 의해 판단하고 있으며, 그 외 한지 위 문지르기, 알코올램프 가열에 의한 감량 조사가 있었다. 패널요원 10인에 의한 5개 항목에 대한 전체평균의 결과, 중국산 생칠(E)이 7.03로서 가장 우수하였고, 그 다음이 일본산 생칠(C) 6.84, 한국산 생칠(A) 6.41, 중국산 생칠(D) 5.27 그리고 한국산 화칠(B) 2.50 순으로 나타났다. 그러나, 각 패널들이 평가한 결과는 한지위 퍼짐성에 의한 품등구분 이외에는 서로 다른 견해를 나타내는 경우가 있어 전통적인 방법만에 의한 품등구분에는 객관성과 공정성이 결여될 소지가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1981

Radiographic features of maxillary sinusitis, types of mucosal thickening, types of bony wall change, and relationship between the radiographic features and symptoms of patients were observed and classified in the Waters' view of 360 patients with 441 maxillary sinuses demonstrating radiologic changes. And the classification of antral floor and pathologic change was observed in the 154 periapi- cal films. Finally, the value of orthopantomography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis was evaluated in the 138 cases, The obtained results were as followings. 1. Among 441 maxillary sinuses examined by Waters' projection, mucosal thickening was seen in 56.7% and generalized opacification was seen in 36.3%. 2. Among 270 mucosal thickenings classified 8 types, overall regularly thickened type was the highest in incidence (36.3%). 3. Bony wall change was seen in 35.6% of all cases and the indistinct white line of the cortical plates was the highest in incidence (78.2%) among the 6 types. 4. Pain (41.9%) and pus discharge (21.0%) were the most frequent symptoms. And pus discharge, foul odor, and headache was more prevalent in type of generalized opacification than any other types. 5. Regular pneumatization involving all roots of premolars and molars was the highest in incidence (55.0%). The first molar presented the most frequent involvement (61.0%). 6. In orthopantomography, 46.4% showed apparent increased radiopacity and 23.9% showed suspicious increased radiopacity in comparison to Waters' projection.

• 센서학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2013

This paper presents to analyze patterns from single and complex malodors using gas sensor array based on metal oxide semiconductors. The aim of research is to identify and discriminate single malodors such as $NH_3$, $CH_3SH$ and $H_2S$ and their mixtures according to concentration levels. Measurement system for analyzing patterns from malodors is constructed by an array of metal oxide semiconductor sensors which are available commercially together with associate electronics. The patterns from sensory system are analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which is simple statistical pattern recognition technique. Throughout the experimental trails, we confirmed the experimental procedure for measurement system such as sensors calibration time and gas flow rate, and discriminated malodors using pattern analysis technique.