• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of auriculotherapy on reducing signs of dry eye syndrome. Methods: This study is based on a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The participants who scored higher than 13 on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were divided randomly into two groups, the experimental group (n=45) and the control group (n=44). Auriculotherapy was performed by researchers for 2 weeks. For the experimental group, seed stickers were applied to the eye, liver, shenmen, and tubercle point of their ears. The pretest and the posttest included the same questionnaires of the OSDI as well as the Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ25) and the eye fatigue. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test and paired t-test, using SAS 20.0 program. Results: The difference in the OSDI's scores showed a significant decrease between the pretest and the posttest (t=-4.12, p<.001) in the experimental group. No significant difference was found in the NEI-VFQ25 (t=-0.10, p=.921, t=-0.91 p=.374). However, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in eye fatigue (t=5.78, p<.001), whereas the control group showed no difference (t=1.38, p=.18). Conclusion: Auriculotherapy can be used effectively on relieving the symptoms of dry eye syndrome and eye fatigue. However, the quality of life related to eyes was not improved by auriculotherapy.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.131-155
• /
• 2013

Objectives A study on the importance of observing face color in the Dongeuibogam and the other things to know when we observe face color. Methods We used Deyuk Dongeuibogam of Dongeuibogam publishing company from original photographic edition. Results (1) In all section(ex. Naekyungpyeon, Oehyeongpyeon and Japbyoungpyeon), the chapters related with observing face color were fifty-one. In Naekyungpyeon, the chapters related with observing face color were nineteen(37%). In Oehyeongpyeon, the chapters related with observing face color were ten(20%). In Japbyoungpyeon, the chapters related with observing face color were twenty-two(43%). In all section(ex. Naekyungpyeon, Oehyeongpyeon and Japbyoungpyeon), the statements related with observing face color were three-hundred and nine. In Naekyungpyeon, the statements related with observing face color were sixty-four(21%). In Oehyeongpyeon, the statements related with observing face color were fifty-two(17%). In Japbyoungpyeon, the statements related with observing face color were one hundred ninety-three(62%). (2) In each chapter, the number of statement related with observing face color was studied. Pediatric Chapter (75) were the most common, followed by The way of finding the cause of a disease (27) Face (26) Cold (24) Weak&Fatigue (12) Phlegm, Jaundice (8) Nose, Worm, Chronic indigestion (7) Mouth&Tongue, Woman, Stool (6) Bodyshape, Liver, Heart, Kidney, Cough (5) Eye, Carbunculosis (4) Blood, Voice, Spleen, Lung, Chest, Fire, Edema, Detoxification (3) in order. (3) In each section(ex. Naekyungpyeon, Oehyeongpyeon and Japbyoungpyeon), the rate of chapter related with observing face color was studied. Naekyungpyeon(73%) was the highest. Japbyoungpyeon(61%). Oehyeongpyeon(38%) was the lowest. Conclusions The importance of each chapter for observing face color in the Dongeuibogam was studied. In addition, the entire ocular inspection, the part ocular inspection, moisture and the difference of skin according to the personal constitution should be considered. There are not only the important parts of the past that does not mean but also the unimportant parts of the past that are meaningful now. Additional studies will be needed for the latter.

• 한국인쇄학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2013

Nowadays the printing market has shift from 2D(two dimension) industry to 3D(three dimension) industry, along with IT. With rapidly changing market, it's true that the effort to develop the printing materials and upgrade the printing qualities is produced actively in the country. Particularly, the differences in printing materials can often determine the quality of printings in the printability. In the case of the printability of offset, 9 items(paper, ink, order of printing, ink supply, blowing-up halftone, grey balance, key color(base color), overlap efficiency, quality at the halftone dot reproduction etc.) are usually considered as the important factors and used to estimate the printability at abroad. However, in domestic, ink-jet paper is not used for the printing/publishing by ink-jet printing for digital, but done mainly for offset printing. Because the paper of gloss coated type, which is the ink-jet paper, has high price, it's too hard to manufacture massively printing/publishing. Also, in the case of the paper of uncoated type, in spite of its reasonable price rather than the former, the type of uncoated one also has demerit that the ink-jet paper has a clear difference between the front and the back. Therefore, it's tough reality that Ink Jet paper is hardly taken advantage of as the printing/publishing. Thus, what is done in the first to print and/or publish on ink-jet paper is that the front and the back must be printed evenly, and appropriate to the printability of ink-jet. Although there're some kinds of ink-jet paper in the country, it has not been produced in true domestic production yet. In addition, thanks to the brightness of fluorescence brightening agent, the foreign product can offer the good-qualified one-time printing. But when it comes to the printing/publishing, there're difficulties that it may cause the Ocular Fatigue because of long-term exposure of the eyes to text. This research tries to find out the optimum ink-jet paper in domestic for the printing/publishing by studying on the printability of ink-jet on digital web-printing. And it also tries to look for the paper's brightness which can be reduce the possibility to cause the consumers' Ocular Fatigue.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2015

목적: 본 연구에서는 종이책 독서 시 바탕색에 따른 읽기속도와 순목횟수의 변화를 측정하고 이들의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구목적에 동의하고 안질환 및 안과적 수술경험이 없으며, 양안시가 가능한 성인 29명(남10, 여19)의 대상에게 백색, 적색, 녹색 및 청색바탕에 검은색 글씨로 구성되어 있는 소설을 각각 15분 동안 읽게 하였다. 독서 시 장당 읽기속도와 순목횟수를 측정하고 각 바탕색 별로 분석하였다. 결과: 바탕색에 따른 장당 읽기속도는 백색과 녹색바탕에서는 독서시간이 경과함에 따라 빨라지는 경향을 보였으나, 청색바탕에서는 거의 변화가 없었으며, 적색바탕에서는 오히려 느려짐을 알 수 있었다. 반면, 장당 순목횟수는 모든 바탕색에서 독서시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으나 적색바탕에서의 감소가 가장 적었다. 모든 바탕색에서 순목횟수가 감소할수록 읽기속도는 증가하는 상관관계를 보였으며, 녹색바탕의 경우 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론: 본 연구결과 동일한 조절 및 폭주요구량을 가지는 거리에서의 독서 시 순목횟수가 감소할수록 읽기속도는 빨라지는 상관관계를 가짐을 확인하였으나 주 파장에 따라 순목횟수와 읽기속도의 변화는 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 이는 근업 시 주 파장의 차이에 따라 작업의 속도와 시각피로도가 달라질 수 있음을 의미하므로 요구되는 인지의 종류에 따라 작업환경과 조건의 조정이 이루어져야 함을 제안할 수 있다.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1362-1368
• /
• 2020

Purpose. In this study, The change of the accommodation function due to the use of a smartphone was objectively evaluated using an Auto Refractokeratometer and was to investigate the effect of accommodation response and microfluctuations of accommodation on stable fatigue. Methods. Twenty subjects (20 males, 20 females) who had no abnormalities in ophthalmic disease and strabismus, diplopia, suppression, convergence and ocular movement, and corrected visual acuity and unaided visual acuity of 0.8 or more were performed. The average age of the participants is (21.78 ± 1.78) years old. The refractive power of the eye was measured using an Auto Refractokeratometer (Speedy-i K-model, Righton Mfg Co. Tokyo Japan), and the equivalent spherical power was automatically calculated from the measured refractive power. The accommodation response amount was calculated for the accommodation stimulation amount in 8 steps in 0.5D increments from + 0.50D to -3.00D in the calculated equivalent spherical power. The microfluctuations of accommodation in the high frequency region was calculated according to the change in the amount of the accommodation stimulus. At this time, the spectral power of the microfluctuations of accommodation was analyzed by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). Results. After using the smartphone, it was found that the accommodation response to accommodation stimulation decreased and the microfluctuations of accommodation increased. Conclusions. It can be said that the use of a smartphone affects the accommodation response and the microfluctuations of accommodation, thereby causing a accommodative stable fatigue. Therefore, it is thought that the use of a smartphone for a long time may bring about a change in the accommodation function.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 PMV 온열환경이 변화함에 따라 LED광원의 조도가 시작업 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 오류검색수정작업 평가지를 개발하였고, 오류검색수정작업의 정확도 및 소요시간을 분석하였다. 또한 작업을 진행하면서 느끼는 시각피로도에 대한 설문을 실시하여 주관적인 평가도 병행하였다. 본 실험의 PMV 온열환경은 온도 $17{\pm}1{\sim}29{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 습도 $50{\pm}5{\sim}60{\pm}5%$의 범위에서 PMV 값에 따라 4가지 형태를 구성하였으며, LED광원의 조도는 400lx, 700lx, 1000lx의 3가지 형태로 구성하여 실험을 진행하였다. 오류검색수정작업의 정확도(LED p 값=0.058, PMV*LED p값=0.083) 및 소요시간(LED p값=0.004, PMV p값=0.000)은 PMV 온열환경과 LED광원의 조도 변화에 모두 유의하였으나, 피로도는 PMV 온열환경(p값=0.003)과 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 1998

18세에서 27세 사이의 남자 82명 여자 70명 총 152명을 대상으로 2시간 동안 쉬지 않고 VDT작업을 하도록 한 후, 안구 및 전신증상 등을 조사하고 시력, 타각적 굴절이상, 조절력 상위량 등을 측정한 결과, 안구증상으로는 눈의 피로를 느끼는 사항이 45.71%로 가장 많았고, 시기능 이상으로는 물체가 흐려 보이는 경우가 80.39%, 전신증상으로는 어깨가 아픈 사람이 33.33%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 시력변화는 평균나안시력 0.47에서 0.42로 약 10%가 저하했으며 타각적 굴절이상은 0.10D정도 근시도가 증가했다. 조절력은 7.46D에서 6.74D로 약 0.72D 정도 줄었고, 조절용이성은 2.27초에서 2.50초로 0.23초만큼 지연되었다. 실성상대조절량은 4.76D에서 4.16D로 0.50D만큼 감소했고 허성상대조절량은 2.46D에서 2.33D로 0.13D 만큼 줄었다. 사위량은 평균 $1.82{\Delta}$ B.O.에서 $3.24{\Delta}$ B.O.으로 내 사위량이 증가했다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.610-616
• /
• 1994

Myasthenia gravis is a rare condition, affecting only 1/75000. It is characterized by weakness and fatigue of the voluntary muscles due to impaired neuromuscular transmission at the acetylcholine receptor site. It is probably caused by an autoimmune mechanism leading to reduction of the available nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. A relationship between the thymus and myasthenia gravis was suggested by Weigert in 1901, and Blalock was the first to report the efficiency of thymectomy in the treatment of myasthnia gravis in 1939. Since that time, thymectomy has become increasingly important in managing patients with myasthenia gravis. Fourteen patients with myasthenia gravis underwent thymectomy between September 1987 and March 1994 and got the following results; 1. The sex distribution was 10 females and 4 males with ages ranging from 15 to 51 years[mean, 34.8 years]. 2. Clinical manifestation of ocular symptoms were seen in all cases, dysphagia in 12[85.7%], extremity weakness in 11 [78.6 %], and dyspnea in 3 [21.4 %]. 3. According to the modified Osserman`s classification, 8 patients were in group IIb, 3 in IIa, 2 in I and 1 in IIc, respectively. 4. Histopathologic examination of the resected thymuses revealed hyperplasia in 8 patients, benign thymoma in 3, and malignant thymoma in 3. 5. There were no perioperative or immediate postoperative deaths but one patient died about two months after the thymectomy due to respiratory failure. 6. During the follow-up period, 11 patients [78.6 %] showed clinical improvement. Among them, 4 cases [28.6 %] showed complete remission, 3 [21.4 %] showed marked improvement, and 4 [28.6 %] showed subjective improvement. 7. Among the 8 patients with thymic hyperplasia, clinical improvement was noticed in 7 patients 5 %]. Among the 6 patients with thymoma, 4 patients [66.7 %] showed improvement.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.48-61
• /
• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the ordinary symptoms, special symptoms and Body Mass Index (BMI) according to Sasang constitution in female college students. Also, we aimed to analyze the factors affecting BMI. Methods Forty-four female college students participated in this study. Sasang Constitution was determined by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC) II. BMI was measured and ordinary symptoms were acqired through the questionnaire. Special symptoms was determined by Fatigue Severity Index (FSS), Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST), ROME III, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), respectively. For statistical analysis, t-test, analysis of variance and correlation test has been used. Results There existed significant differences in ordinary symptoms and special symptoms between sasang constitutions. Taeumin had higher urine frequency than soyangin, soeumin had higher gap of feces than taeumin. Taeumin had higher BMI and ROME III score than soyangin and soeumin. They showed significant differences in ordinary symptoms and special symptoms according to BMI. Overweight and obese group is higher in water intake than low and normal group. Low weight and normal group is higher in gap of feces than overweight and obese group. High score group in PSST and ROME III showed high BMI than low score group. We analyzed the factors that affect BMI. BMI are highly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, FSS, PSST, ROME III and OSDI showed high correlation with each other. Conclusion Urine frequency and gap of feces are different among sasang constitutional types. The obese group and normal group showed significant differences in water intake, gap of feces, PSST and ROME III score. It is found that factors that affecting BMI are systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These results may lead to identifying the causes and factors of obesity in female college students related to Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.872-880
• /
• 1985

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by fatigue and weakness of voluntary muscles. Although the pathogenesis is known as reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions by autoimmune attack, the thymic role in myasthenia gravis is still unclear and under investigation. But thymectomy in the management of myasthenia gravis has become increasingly important since the first successful operation with remission of symptoms in 1939 by Blalock. From January 1983 to June 1985, authors performed 17 thymectomies for patients with myasthenia gravis. Among them, 12 patients were free from thymoma [Croup A] and 5 were coupled with thymoma [Group B]. The results were as follows: 1] Sex distribution was 11 females and 6 males. Mean age of the patients was 32.2 year old. Sex and age distribution by the Group A and B are shown Table 1. 2] Clinical manifestations of ocular symptoms were seen in 5 patients [88.2%], extremity weakness in 13 patients, bulbar weakness in 12 patients and dyspnea in 6 patients. According to the Osserman`s classification, 5 patients were in group IIA, 6 in IIB and 6 in IIC. 3] Pre-operatively, all patients were positive response to the anti-cholinesterase test and 12 patients [92.3%] revealed positive findings in electromyography [EMC] which was done in 13 patients. 4] The postoperative complications were respiratory distress in 3 patients, myasthenic crisis in 2 patients and wound disruption in one patients. 5] Pathologic examination of the thymus showed hyperplasia in 10 patients [90%] and thymoma in 5 patients, of which 4 were mixed type with invasion to the adjacent tissues and one lymphocytic type without invasion. Normal thymus was noticed in only 2 patients. 6] In postoperative evaluations, among the 12 patients c free from thymoma [Group A], complete remission of symptoms was noticed in 3 patients and improvement in 7 patients. But among the 5 patients coupled with thymoma [Group B], only one patients showed improvement [Table 8]. Therefore, remission and clinical improvement were noticed in 11 patients [64.7%] of the all and complete remission was noticed in 3 patients [17.6%].