• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2004

The sizes and structures of micelles formed in aqueous solutions of cationic octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and anionic ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS) surfactants were investigated using smallangle neutron scattering (SANS), self-diffusion coefficients by pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. SANS and DLS data indicate that their structures are spherical at concentrations as high as 300 mM. As the total surfactant concentration increases, the peaks of SANS spectra shift to higher scattering vector and become sharper, indicating that the intermicellar distance decreases and its distribution becomes narrower. This is due to more compact packing of surfactant molecules at high concentrations. The intermicellar distance of around 100 ${\AA}$ above 200 mM corresponds approximately to the diameter of one micelle. The sizes of spherical micelles are 61 ${\AA}$ and 41 ${\AA}$ for 9 mM OTAC and 10 mM ADS, respectively. Also the self-diffusion coefficients by PGSE-NMR yield the apparent sizes 96 ${\AA}$ and 31 ${\AA}$ for micelles of 1 mM OTAC and 10 mM ADS, respectively. For ADS solutions of high concentrations (100-300 mM), DLS data show that the micelle size remains constant at $25{\pm}2{\AA}$. This indicates that the transition in micellar shape does not take place up to 300 mM, which is consistent with the SANS results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2001

In aqueous mixtures of cationic OTAC (octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and anionic ADS (ammonium dodecyl sulfate) surfactants, mixed micelles were formed at low (< 0.2 wt %) total surfactant concentrations. For these mixtures mixed micelliza tion and interaction of surfactant molecules were examined. Mixed critical micelle concentration (CMC), thermodynamic potentials of micellization, and minimum area per surfactant molecule at the interface were obtained from surface tensiometry and electrical conductometry. The mixed micellar compositions and the estimation of interacting forces were determined on the basis of a regular solution model. The CMCs were reduced, although not substantial, and synergistic behavior of the ADS and OTAC in the mixed micelles was observed. The CMC reductions in this anionic/cationic system were comparable to those in nonionic/anionic surfactant systems. The interaction parameter $\beta$ of the regular solution model was estimated to be -5 and this negative value of $\beta$ indicated an overall attractive force in the mixed state.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2005

본 연구는 이온성 계면활성제 수용액에 대하여 음이온성 ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS)와 양이온성 octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC)의 단일계 그리고 이들의 혼합 계면활성제 수용액에서 형성되는 혼합 마이셀과 층막구형체(vesicle)의 크기 및 구조에 대하여 작은 각 중성자 산란법을 통하여 해석하였다. 10 mM ADS와 9mM OTAC 수용액에서 형성된 단일 계면활성제 마이셀의 크기는 각각 40과 $61{\AA}$이었고, 이들의 구조는 모두 공모양이었다. 농도에 따른 구조 변화는 SANS 스펙트라로는 관찰되지 않았지만, 300 mM까지 농도가 증가할수록 마이셀 사이의 거리가 줄어들었으며 250 mM 이상에서는 거리가 일정하였다. 그러므로 이보다 큰 농도에서 구조전이가 일어날 것으로 기대된다. ADS/OTAC 혼합계의 상도해 상으로 혼합 마이셀과 층막구형체가 공존하는 영역에서 지수 법칙의 지수값이 1.6을 나타내므로 이를 확인하였다. 또한 자발적으로 형성된 층막구형체 영역은 이중막 구조 분석을 통하여 고찰하였으며, 이중막을 이루는 층막구형체의 층 간 두께는 전체 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 이는 농도가 증가됨에 따라 같은 전하를 띠고 있는 층막구형체 사이에 반발력이 강하게 작용하여 한층막구형체의 층간 거리는 줄어들고, 이로 인해 농도가 증가할수록 층막구형체의 크기는 감소하는 것으로 해석되었다. ACS가 90 몰%인 혼합용액에서 9 mM은 상도해 상으로 혼합 마이셀과 층막구형체의 경계 영역으로 구분이 되지 않았지만, SANS 분석 결과 층막구형체 영역에 해당하여 보다 정확한 상도해를 완성할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2007

Phase behavior for the mixed aqueous surfactant systems of cationic octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC)/anionic ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS)/water was examined. Below the total surfactant concentrations of 1.5 m molal, mixed micelles were formed. At the total surfactant concentrations higher than 1.5 m molal, there appeared a region where mixed micelles and vesicles coexist. As the surfactant concentration increased, the systems looked very turbid and much more vesicles were observed. The vesicles were spontaneously formed in this system and their existence was observed by negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and encapsulation efficiency of dye. The vesicle region was where the molar fraction α of ADS to the total mixed surfactant was from 0.1 to 0.7 and the total surfactant concentration was above 5 × 10-4 molality. The size and structure of the vesicles were determined from the TEM microphotographs and the SANS data. Their diameter ranged from 450 nm to 120μm and decreased with increasing total surfactant concentration. The lamellar thickness also decreased from 15 nm to 5 nm with increasing surfactant concentration and this may be responsible for the decrease in vesicle size with the surfactant concentration. The stability of vesicles was examined by UV spectroscopy and zeta potentiometry. The vesicles displayed long-term stability, as UV absorbance spectra remained unchanged over two months. The zeta potentials of the vesicles were large in magnitude (40-70 mV) and the observed longterm stability of the vesicles may be attributed to such high ζ potentials.