• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2000

To search out the characteristics of the lower and the upper atmospheric vertical structure, we selected the island(Oeyoundori Ochun-myen Poryeng city Chung-Nam) as an observation site, which is thought to represent the characteristics of ocean well, and observed the vertical structure of the atmosphere by Radiosonde. By using the results of the observation, we analyzed the changes of relative humidity(RH), temperature and wind when the cyclone and the anticyclone passed and compared the results in case of each event. To compare the vertical structure of the ocean atmosphere with those of the continent we analyzed the values observed with using Radiosonde at Osan site. Through this study, we found that relative humidity changed as the cyclone and the anticyclone passed. That is, when the cyclone came, RH increased first in the upper atmosphere than in the lower and when the high came, RH in the upper decreased sharply to 10%. And the variations of relative humidity in ocean are bigger than those in continent. In the future, we plan to f d out the relation between the vapor water in ocean and continent seasonally and daily through the observation in ocean and continent at same time.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2015

This study is to investigate future changes in carbon cycle using the HadGEM2-Carbon Cycle simulations driven by $CO_2$ emissions. For experiment, global carbon budget is integrated from the two (8.5/2.6) representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for the period of 1860~2100 by Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2, Carbon Cycle (Had-GEM2-CC). From 1985 to 2005, total cumulative $CO_2$ amount of anthropogenic emission prescribed as 156 GtC. The amount matches to the observed estimates (CDIAC) over the same period (136 GtC). As $CO_2$ emissions into the atmosphere increase, the similar increasing tendency is found in the simulated atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. Atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration in the simulation is projected to be 430 ppm for RCP 2.6 at the end of the twenty-first century and as high as 931 ppm for RCP 8.5. Simulated global mean temperature is expected to rise by $1.6^{\circ}C$ and $3.5^{\circ}C$ for RCP 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. Land and ocean carbon uptakes also increase in proportion to the $CO_2$ emissions of RCPs. The fractions of the amount of $CO_2$ stored in atmosphere, land, and ocean are different in RCP 8.5 and 2.6. Further study is needed for reducing the simulation uncertainty based on multiple model simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2005

The concentration of atmosphere carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) which is one of the major greenhouse gas, continues to rise by the increase in fossil fuel consumption, forest destruction and decrease of biological diversity, etc. In order to weaken the global warming, a reduction of $CO_2$ discharge to the atmosphere is required. The $CO_2$ ocean sequestration technology utilizes the intrinsic oceanic capacity of $CO_2$ absorption, diluting and/or dispersing the liquefied $CO_2$ in the deep ocean (>2,000 m). This geo-engineering approach is regarded as one of the occasions to mitigate the $CO_2$ concentration in the atmosphere. Some developed centuries such as Japan, USA, Norway, etc. have intensively carried out the projects on the research and development of $CO_2$ ocean sequestration since 1990s. There have been several approaches to develop the relative technological system to mitigate the increasing $CO_2$, however, there was no systematic and practical R&D programme in the $CO_2$ ocean sequestration. This paper has described the state of the art on the three optional methods of $CO_2$ sequestration, and compared with them in the aspect of the applicable possibility.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.31.4-32
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• 2008

The microwave instruments are used many areas of the space remote sensing and space science applications. The imaging radar of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is well known microwave radar sensor for earth surface and ocean research. Unlike radar, microwave radiometer is passive instrument and it measures the emission energy of target, i.e. brightness temperature BT, from earth surface and atmosphere. From measured BT, the geophysical data like cloud liquid water, water vapor, sea surface temperature, surface permittivity can be retrieved. In this paper, the radiometer characteristics, system configuration and principle of BT measurement are described. Also the radiometer instruments TRMM, GPM, SMOS for earth climate, and ocean salinity research are introduce. As first korean microwave payload on STSAT-2, the DREAM (Dual-channels Radiometer for Earth and Atmosphere Monitoring) is described the mission, system configuration and operation plan for life time of two years. The main issues of DREAM unlike other spaceborne radiometers, will be addressed. The calibration is the one of main issues of DREAM mission and how it contribute on the space borne radiometer. In conclusion, the radiometer instrument to space science application will be considered.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.296-298
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• 1999

Five institutions, which are very active in data utilization of environmental satellites NOAA and GMS, are connected via high speed networks to construct the databases based on the observations of A AVHRR (Advanced very High Resolution Radiometer) of NOAA satellite and VISSR (Visible and Infrared Scanning Radiometer) of GMS (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite) and to create scientific data sets for land, ocean and ,atmosphere. And vegetation index, sea surface temperature, cloud distribution maps and so on are generated by high speed and huge volume data Processing for studies on long term variations of land, ocean and atmosphere in Asia. In this paper the concept of this project and the activities at the Science University of Tokyo are briefly introduced

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2013

This study investigates the changes in the atmosphere-ocean interactions over the South China Sea (SCS) by analyzing their variables in the period of 1979~2011 during the boreal summer (June-July-August). It is found that a simultaneous correlation coefficient between sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation over SCS during summer is significantly changed before and after the late-1990s. That is, the variation of precipitation over SCS is negatively (positively) correlated with the SST variations before (after) the late-1990s. Our further correlation analysis indicates that the atmospheric forcing of the SST is dominant before the late-1990s accompanying with wind-evaporation feedback and cloud-radiation feedback. After the late-1990s, in contrast, the SST forcing of the atmosphere through the latent heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere is dominant. It is found that the change in the relationship of atmosphere-ocean interactions over SCS are associated with the changes in the relationship with Northeast Asian summer precipitation. In particular, a simultaneous correlation coefficient between the precipitation over SCS and Northeast Asia becomes stronger during after the late-1990s than before the late-1990s. We argue that the increase of the SST forcing of the atmosphere over SCS may lead a direct relationship of precipitation variations between SCS and Northeast Asia after the late-1990s.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.15 no.spc2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2000

The investigation of the space environment requires the use of experimental and theoretical tools and resources in order to perform the research task. Understanding of these research tools is imperative for proper interpretation of the results. In this paper, we discuss on research tools that are widely used in the field of aeronomy; Fabry-Perot interferometer and Michelson interferometer. These instruments have been used extensively as passive optical devices, spectrally monitoring the natural atmospheric emissions (airglow). This function has made both instruments valuable tools in upper atmospheric studies since they provide the ability to determine the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the upper atmosphere by monitoring naturally-occuring emission.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1142-1146
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• 2009

A rainfall simulation and forecasting technique that can generate daily rainfall sequences conditional on multi-model ensemble GCMs is developed and applied to data in Korea for the major rainy season. The GCM forecasts are provided by APEC climate center. A Weather State Based Downscaling Model (WSDM) is used to map teleconnections from ocean-atmosphere data or key state variables from numerical integrations of Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models to simulate daily sequences at multiple rain gauges. The method presented is general and is applied to the wet season which is JJA(June-July-August) data in Korea. The sequences of weather states identified by the EM algorithm are shown to correspond to dominant synoptic-scale features of rainfall generating mechanisms. Application of the methodology to seasonal rainfall forecasts using empirical teleconnections and GCM derived climate forecast are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.104-110
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• 2001

Ocean heat fluxes over a wide region are generally estimated by an aerodynamic bulk fromula. Though a remote sensing technique can be expected to estimated global heat flux, it is difficult to obtain air temperature and specific humidity at sea surface by a remote sensor. In this study present a new method with which to determine near-sea surface air temperature from in situ data. Also, These methods compared with other methods. A new method used a linear regression equation between sea surface temperature and air temperature of the buoys data. In this study new method is validated using observed monthly mean data at the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA), National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) and Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere(TOGA)-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean(TAO) buoys. The result that bias and rmse are 0.28, 1.5$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. The correlation coefficient is 0.98. Also, to retrieve near-sea surface specific humidity(Q) from good nonlinear regression relationship between vapor pressure(Ea) of buoy data and air temperature, after obtained the third-order polynomial function, compared with that of estimated from SSM/I empirical equation by Schussel et al(1995). The result that bias and rmse are -1.42 and 1.75(g/kg).

• Atmosphere
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.56-68
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• 2002

In this study, an overview of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program is provided with discussions on its spacecrafts and instruments, and on the scientific issues. The EOS satellites aim at monitoring the Earth environmental system by observing parameters of subsystems such as atmosphere, ocean, land, and biosphere. The first EOS flagship, Terra, was launched on December 1999. Five instruments onboard Terra can measure cloud and aerosol properties, radiation, terrestrial surface, and ocean color. The second EOS flagship, Aqua, which was launched on May 2002, loads six instruments that measure clouds, radiation, precipitation, terrestrial surface, ocean color and sea surface temperature. The observational data available from the EOS satellites may complement data from the Communication-Oceanography-Meteorology satellite, which will be launched in 2008, for meteorological and environmental forecasts.