• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2015

In this study, the current status of foreigners living in the country was examined and the problems and demands regarding the occurrence of disasters from various nationalities who are actually living in the country were investigated. The result showed that it would be necessary to secure various channels for them to receive information regarding the disaster and safety service and provide information they want continuously with great interest. Also, it would be necessary to prepare institutional measures to solve the language barrier and difficulties in the way of reporting at the national level.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.745-758
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• 2018

A wide range of studies in various disciplines has focused on the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, it is necessary to summarize the current status and to establish future directions because each study has its own individual goals independent of the completion of all IoT applications. The absence of a comprehensive understanding of IoT and CPS has disrupted an efficient resource allocation. To assess changes in the knowledge structure and emerging technologies, this study explores the dynamic research trends in IoT by analyzing bibliographic data. We retrieved 54,237 keywords in 12,600 IoT studies from the Scopus database, and conducted keyword frequency, co-occurrence, and growth-rate analyses. The analysis results reveal how IoT technologies have been developed and how they are connected to each other. We also show that such technologies have diverged and converged simultaneously, and that the emerging keywords of trust, smart home, cloud, authentication, context-aware, and big data have been extracted. We also unveil that the CPS is directly involved in network, security, management, cloud, big data, system, industry, architecture, and the Internet.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1097-1106
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• 2007

Rail provides running tract for train and broadly and widely conveys the weight of the train exerted from the train wheels that the rail directly supports onto the cross tie and roadbed, and supports the cross-sectional pressure exerted by centrifugal force at curvatures. That is, stationary rail provides surface on which dynamic train runs and guarantees cross-sectional resistance to enable the vertical snake motion of the train wheels as well as to maintain lateral force at curvatures. Rail provides running surface on which train wheels can run smoothly, and secures vertical and lateral force. However, it undergoes continuous destructive reactions (wearing and damages) and abrasion of the cladding by the train wheels. It is obvious that wearing will result when two metal parts act against each other. However, occurrence of abnormal wearing such as rapid wearing of the rail side due to complex generation of various mechanisms at the contact surface between the rail and train wheel flange. It is not easy to simply examine the causes of occurrence of abnormal wearing of rail and train wheel flange. Although countless number of academicians and specialists are conducting researches on abnormal wearing of rail and vertical wearing of train wheels, I believe it is too early to argue on pros and cons due to insufficiency of officially verified information on the issue. This review will be focusing on the examples of repairs that reduced the generation of abnormal wearing of rail by reviewing and improving characteristics of wearing and slack, speed of the train and cant as well as status of lubricator by choosing the compound curves present in the section between the $Anguk{\sim}Jongno3-ga$ Stations of the Route No. 3 among the compound curve tracks of the Seoul Metro Routes No. 3 & 4 at which abnormal wearing is generated continuously.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.258-275
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to measure safety-awareness among elementary students, identify their safety-practices and actual status of accidents. The study was also done to acquire basic information on safety education to help students be more aware of safety, and more active in accident-prevention activities. A random sample was taken of 763 5th and 6th grade students in 4 different elementary schools in Seoul. Of the 735 questionnaires collected, 684 were complete and were used in the analysis. SPSS was used to analyze the questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows. First, the overall safety-awareness score was relatively high at 139.06 of a maximum of 164. and respondents were most conscious of the section on Home Safety. Second, the safety-practices of the respondents was at the middle level with a mean score of 56.01 of a maximum of 80. The factors affecting the safety-practice of the respondents were education of their parents, recognized learning proficiency, awareness of need for safety education, and level of safety-education conducted by parents. Third, $53.4\%$ of the respondents had experienced one or more accidents during the past year. Most of the accidents occurred during play and recreation and home accidents were the most frequently reported accidents. The risk factors related to the occurrence of accidents were gender, relationship with friends, recognized learning proficiency, and awareness of traffic safety. Forth, higher safety-awareness was found to be directly related to higher safety-practices. Respondents with lower safety-awareness reported higher rate of accidents. In view of the results so far achieved, habituation and formation of safety-oriented actions among students are highly required to prevent accidents. In order to do that, development of safety-awareness and in-life enforcement of safety-practice need to come first.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

In mid-July, 2006 the torrential rainfall across Gangwon-do region caused 48 casualties and 1,248 houses submerged, resulting in damages with the restoration costs of 3 trillion and 512.5 billion won. This was because the topographic characteristics of Gangwon-do region for which mountainous areas mostly account increased the effects of landslide. In this study, the landslide region was shot using the PKNU No.4 system immediately after the occurrence of landslide in order to analyze it as objectively, exactly, and rapidly as possible. 1,054 areas with landslide occurrence were extracted by digitizing the shot images through visual reading after orthometric correction using ERDAS 9.1. Using the Arc GIS 9.2, a GIS program, hydrologic, topographic, clinical, geologic, pedologic aspects and characteristics of the landslide region were established in database through overlay analysis of digital map, vegetation map, geologic map, and soil map, and the status and characteristics of the occurrence of the landslide were analyzed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.275-296
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• 2012

Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University The national health insurance system in Korea is characterized as relatively high out-of-pocket payments, which are the principal source of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). The objectives of this study are to estimate the incidence of household CHE and to clarify the characteristics that affect the occurrence and recurrence of household CHE using the Seoul Welfare Panel Survey database for 2008 and 2010. Thresholds to estimate CHE were 10% and 20% of the total household income (T/X), and 25% and 40% of the income excluding food share (T/Y). Determinants of the occurrence and recurrence of CHE at the threshold of T/X=10% were analysed using multiple logistic regression models. Out of the 3,665 households that responded in 2008 survey, households with CHE were 12.07% (T/X${\geq}$10%), 5.34% (T/X${\geq}$20%), 6.84% (T/Y${\geq}$25%), and 4.44% (T/Y${\geq}$40%). Risk factors associated with household CHE included living with a spouse, non-Medicaid beneficiary, householder unemployment, low household income, the number of disabled members, poor subjective health, and the number of chronic diseases. A total of 41.78% of households with CHE in 2008 repeatedly experienced CHE in 2010. Risk factors of CHE recurrence included decreased household income and an increase in chronic diseases over the two time periods, the number of members with disability or chronic diseases, and the presence of cancer patients in 2008. Households with lower socioeconomic and health status had a higher financial burden on health care than do their counterpart households. There is a need to enhance society-wide financial protection from health spending among vulnerable citizens in Seoul, particularly, households with low income, disabled members or cancer patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2001

Objectives : To elucidate the transient effects on the risk of occupational injuries as acute events and establish so alternative proposal. Methods : The study population comprised a total of 302 workers randomly selected from applications for occupational injury compensation reported to the Inchon local labor office from January 1. 1999 to December 31. A case-crossover design, where each case serves its own control, was applied to this study. Through a telephone interview, workers provided useful data concerning five job related stressful events such as company transfer, work load change, overtime work, exchange duty, and work-part transfer. They were asked whether there were stressful events within a week of the occurrence of injury and the degree of stress. Exposure status from one year prior was used as control information. In the end, the data provided by 158 of selected persons was used for the analysis based on the quality of the data provided by the participants. A conditional logistic regression was used to discover the transient effects on the risk of occupational injuries as acute events. Results : The effects a company transfer and work load change on occupational injury was statistically significant on the risk of occupational Injuries as an acute event(RR=5.5, 95% CI=2.501-12.428; RR=3.1, 95% CI=1.963-5.017, respectively). Other stressful events were found to elevate the risk factor for the occurrence of occupational jujury, but were not significant. Conclusions : Our results suggested that transient stressful events elevated the risk factor for the occurrence of occupational injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in adolescents and to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of PSP and air pollutants. Methods: Data pertaining to age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, initial pneumothorax volume, presence of bullae, treatment methods, and city of residence were retrospectively obtained from January 2010 to December 2014. We investigated the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, and PM10) and the occurrence of PSP using a case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression. Results: We collected information from 598 patients who were admitted for PSP, with a mean follow-up duration of 62.9 months. The majority (91.1%) of the patients were male. In the case-crossover design, conditional logistic regression showed that no air pollutant was associated with the occurrence of pneumothorax. The results were consistent across all city subgroups (Anyang, Gunpo, Uiwang, and Gwacheon). Conclusion: In our study, the incidence rate of pneumothorax was 153.8 per 100,000 person-years in male adolescents and 16.7 per 100,000 person-years in female adolescents. The case-crossover design showed that PSP in adolescents is unlikely to be related to air pollution.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.191-208
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• 2024

The peptide-type hepatotoxins microcystins (MCs) and nodularin (NOD) are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. MCs and NOD can bioaccumulate in agricultural products through toxin-contaminated water, soil, and manure and can cause human health risks through the consumption of agricultural products. As interest in the contamination of agricultural products by MCs or NOD has recently emerged, occurrence studies based on various analysis methods for agricultural products have been conducted. However, studies on agricultural products are still insufficient compared to research on drinking water and seafood. In addition, research is primarily conducted on agricultural products grown in areas where green algae occur, but not on marketed products. In the present study, we review the physicochemical properties, toxicity, analysis methods, occurrence studies, and management status of MCs and NOD in agricultural products to build a foundation for systematic monitoring and safety management.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

This study investigated the species of leafrollers in apple orchards and nursery farms in Gyeongsangbuk-do for three years from 1998 to 2000, and also examined the occurrence and damage of leafrollers in commercial apple orchards in 5-6 cities and districts for 10 years from 1992 to 2001. Total seven species of tortricidae were found in the apple orchards, which were Adoxophyes orana, Archips breviplicanus, Rhopobota unipunctana, Choristoneura longicellana, Acleris fimbriana, Ptycholoma lecheana circumclusna and Archips subrufanus. Among them, A. orana was dominant species every year, and A. breviplicanus and R. unipunctana occurred with a high density in one or two farms in some years. The dominant species in the 1980s were A. breviplicanus and R. unipunctana, but it was considered that dominant species have been changed in the late 1990s. According to the result of leafroller damage in commercial apple orchards for 10 years, the mean fruit damage rate was $0.67\%$. Fruit damage was observed frequently between August and October by third-generation larvae.