• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2019

Medium-range forecast is highly dependent on ensemble forecast data. However, operational weather forecasters have not enough time to digest all of detailed features revealed in ensemble forecast data. To utilize the ensemble data effectively in medium-range forecasting, representative weather patterns in East Asia in this study are defined. The k-means clustering analysis is applied for the objectivity of weather patterns. Input data used daily Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) anomaly of the ECMWF ReAnalysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) during 1981~2010 (30 years) provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Using the Explained Variance (EV), the optimal study area is defined by 20~60°N, 100~150°E. The number of clusters defined by Explained Cluster Variance (ECV) is thirty (k = 30). 30 representative weather patterns with their frequencies are summarized. Weather pattern #1 occurred all seasons, but it was about 56% in summer (June~September). The relatively rare occurrence of weather pattern (#30) occurred mainly in winter. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between weather patterns and extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, and heavy rainfall as well as snowfall. The weather patterns associated with heavy rainfall exceeding 110 mm day^-1 were #1, #4, and #9 with days (%) of more than 10%. Heavy snowfall events exceeding 24 cm day^-1 mainly occurred in weather pattern #28 (4%) and #29 (6%). High and low temperature events (> 34℃ and < -14℃) were associated with weather pattern #1~4 (14~18%) and #28~29 (27~29%), respectively. These results suggest that the classification of various weather patterns will be used as a reference for grouping all ensemble forecast data, which will be useful for the scenario-based medium-range ensemble forecast in the future.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2014

The main objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of printed geometric patterns through the statistical & qualitative analysis of fashion appeared in contemporary female collections 2011 S/S to 2013 A/W. Data collection of 294 was done through review of 'pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter Collections' of three major fashion cities; Paris, Milan and NY. Statistical analysis of frequency was conducted. Also qualitative interpretation of natural print design' characteristics were completed. The main findings were as followed; 1,636 of the total 15,852 designs were printed patterns in 12 Collections and the occurrence rate of printed geometric patterns in three collections were 8.6% in Milan, 9.2% in Paris and 12.9% in N.Y. Most geometric patterns were the types of compact or medium density in a front patterns with a variety of sizes and mainly applied to the one piece dress or two piece clothing item combination styles. Formative Characteristics of printed geometric patterns were classified into four types. First, a variety of thicknesses and shapes, such as a line or a rectangle shape to take advantage of the types of the typical geometric pattern. Second types were using the motifs which inspired by geometric shapes such as point, circle star and other special geometric shapes and arranging them regularly with various sizes and density. The third was repeated particular motifs which based on complex and sophisticated mathematical formulas. Fourth were the specific diagram types of bold and free shapes or dividing the flat and arranging them without rules, or the combination type of various geometric motifs.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

우리나라에서 산불 발생 공간분포는 인간 활동과 큰 관련성이 있기 때문에, 지역별 군집형태의 강한 공간의존성을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 공간의존성의 개념에 입각하여 점자료 분석법을 통한 산불발생의 공간분포패턴을 분석하였다. Ripley의 K 함수를 이용하여 산불 발생 원인별 공간분포 형태를 파악하였으며, Kernel 함수를 통해 산불발생의 공간적 집중도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 정도는 상이하지만 모든 원인의 산불이 임의(random) 분포가 아닌 군집화(clustered)되어 발생하는 특징이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 산불 발생의 군집성을 원인별로 크게 두 집단으로 나눌 수 있었다. 첫째는 전국적 발생 패턴을 가지는 원인으로 입산자 실화, 논밭두렁 소각과 같은 활동과 관련된 것이고 또 다른 하나는 국지적 군집성을 가지는 원인으로 담뱃불이나 어린이 불장난, 방화이다. 그 군집성의 범위는 30 km내외로 나타났으며, 그 범위 밖에서는 임의 분포하고 있었다. Kernel 함수에 의한 원인별 집중도 분석에서는 강한 군집도를 나타냈던 3가지 원인(담뱃불, 어린이 불장난, 방화)의 경우 대부분 인구밀도가 높은 수도권을 중심으로 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.723-738
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• 2011

Contamination of agricultural crops by mycotoxins results in significant economic losses for grain producers and, when consumed, it can cause reduced growth and health in a wide range of animal species. Hundreds of mycotoxin producing molds exist, however each has a different frequency and pattern of occurrence, as well as differences in the severity of the diseases (mycotoxicoses) they cause. Among the mycotoxins considered to be major contaminates are aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, ochratoxin, and zearalenone. Although a multitude of species can be harmed by consumption of these mycotoxins, swine appear to be the most commonly affected commodity species. The swine industry can thus experience great losses due to the presence of mycotoxin contamination in feeds. Subsequently, recognition and prevention of mycotoxicoses is extremely important and dependent on adequate grain sampling and analysis methods pre-harvest, as well as effective strategies post-harvest to reduce consumption by animals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the major mycotoxin contaminants in grains, to describe methods of analysis and prevention to reduce mycotoxicoses in swine and other animals, and finally to discuss how mycotoxins directly affect swine production.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1991

This paper aims to describe the relation between the weather condition, especially typhoon and a shipwreck in Korean waters. For this study, it was investigated the statistical characteristics of a shipwreck due to the weather, pressure patterns governing the shipwreck in Korean waters. and the relation between the intensity of typhoon and the amount of a disaster. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The monthly occurrence frequency of a shipwreck was the heighest in July followed by February, March in descending order. 2) The pressure patterns governing the shipwreck were classified broadly into six types and pressure pattern which had most occurrence frequency of a shipwreck was Type V and then cames Type I, Type III and type IV in that order. 3) Occurence frequency of a shipwreck and the amount of a kinetic energy of typhoon have nothing to do with each other. In case of Wind-Typhoon that brought more a strong wind than a heavy rainfall, there were seriously affected ships and buildings by the wind.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2010

납자루아과 담수어류인 각시붕어 Rhodeus uyekii와 묵납자루 Acheilognathus signifer의 속간 잡종으로 의심되는 개체를 북한강 지류인 조종천에서 채집하였다. 외부 형태 형질, 체색 반문, 혼인색 등을 비교한 결과 체색, 등지느러미, 뒷지느러미, 꼬리지느러미의 반문과 색깔, 체표의 반점과 종대 등이 두 종간의 중간형질을 보여 주고 있었다. 본 개체가 두 속간의 분류 형질인 수염은 없고 유공 측선 비늘수가 많은 점 등은 두 종간 자연 잡종으로 사료되었다. 두 종간 인공 교잡종의 생산은 자연 잡종의 출현 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 기록값 통계량을 이용한 무한 고장 NHPP 모형들이 제안되었다. 이 모형들은 결함당 고장 발생률이 단조 증가하거나 단조 감소하는 패턴을 가진다. 그리고 수명 분포에서는 어랑 분포, 랄리 분포와 굼벨를 이용한 소프트웨어 신뢰성 모형을 적용하여 비교연구에 초점을 두었다. 고장 간격 시간 자료를 이용한 무한 고장 NHPP 모형들에 대한 모수 추정법은 최우 추정법을 사용하였고 적용 분포들의 적용을 용이하게 하기 위하여 특수한 형태를 제시하였다. 고장 자료의 분석을 위하여 산술 및 라플라스 추세 검정과 적합도 및 치우침 검정을 실시하여 그 결과를 나열하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.305-309
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• 1999

하천에서 tetracycline과 gentamicin 저항성 유전자인 tetQ와 aacC2의 분포를 알아보기 위해 순천지역의 하천수로부터 전체 세균군집의 DNA를 분석하였다. 배양되지 않는 세균의 저항성을 고려하여 1liter의 하천수에 들어 있는 전체 세균의 DNA를 freeze-thaw 방법으로 추출하여 PCR을 통해 표적 유전자의 출현 정도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 tetQ 유전자는 축산농장이 있는 제 1지점에서 가장 많은 것으로 나타난데 반해 aacC2 유전자는 하천의 하류인 제5지점에서 가장 많이 출현하였다. 이러한 결과는 항생물질 저항성 유전자가 수질의 오염원을 알 수 있는 표지로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2014

The disaster and safety accidents in any construction site occur inevitably. Since the on-site disaster and accident occurrence became one of major concerning factors in construction site, architects & building executers have been flooded with safety management advices. The purpose of this paper is to survey and analyze the effect of the application of Safety Patrol Management System(SPMS) upon the reduction of disaster & accident occurrences in construction site. In order to estimate and reduce the disaster and accident ratio in construction site, various surveyed data has been analysed. It will establish the suitable design standards and suggest the basic database for estimating disaster and accident ratio.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.53-72
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• 2009

More than 24.43 million people received a special pardon to mark the anniversary of Liberation Day on Aug. 15 and to commemorate other national event, during 15years(1995-2009), in this period six times of presidential pardon was implemented. The special pardon allows traffic law violator to drive again with their violation records wiped clean. But traffic records show that traffic accidents used to increase very fast in a short period by up to 3-15 percent after implementing the every massive pardons. This study explores the causal feedback relationship between presidential special pardon for traffic law violators and the occurrence of an traffic accidents using a system thinking approach and simulation modelling. Particularly, this study focused on the analysing significant negative impact of the traffic pardon on the occurrence of worrisome traffic accidents. The results of this study show that presidential special pardon have had impact on the traffic accidents as a increasing leverage of positive feedback loop and the obedience of traffic law as a decreasing leverage of negative feedback loop. Finally, this study conclude that the cyclical increasing pattern of traffic accident is resulting from the periodically conducted presidential pardons with political aims.