• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

Objectives: Asbestos contents of crushed serpentine rocks and airborne fiber concentrations of workers were determined at two serpentine quarries and a steel mill. Methods: Bulk samples of uncrushed and crushed serpentine rocks were collected and analyzed by PLM and TEM. Airborne asbestos samples were collected from the breathing zone of workers and the vicinity of working area and analyzed by PCM and TEM. Results: Chrysotile was identified with antigorite, lizardite and non-asbestiform actinolite in bulk samples. The arithmetic means of chrysotile contents in crushed serpentines were 0.11, 0.01, 0.42%(W/W) by quarry A, quarry B and a steel mill, respectively. The asbestos concentrations of all personal samples were less than 0.1 f/cc which is the permissible exposure limit of workers in Korea. The arithmetic means of airborne asbestos concentrations were 0.017 f/cc and 0.009 f/cc in personal samples collected from two serpentine quarries. The asbestos concentrations of all personal samples collected from a steel mill were less than LODs by PCM analysis but asbestos was detected in area samples by TEM. By the job tasks of serpentine quarries, crusher/separator operation generated the highest exposure to airborne asbestos. Conclusions: Although chrysotile contents in crushed serpentines of quarries were less the permissible level, the highest exposure of workers in serpentine quarries reached up to 76% of the permissible level of airborne asbestos. There were also possibilities of occupational exposure to airborne asbestos in a steel mill. The present exposure study should encourage further survey and occupational control of quarries producing serpentine or other types of asbestos-bearing rocks.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.282-294
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• 2010

The purpose of SAICM (Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management) is to minimize the health and environmental hazards from the production and the consumption of chemicals by improving the chemicals management capability of developing countries and implementing a system of the risk assessment and the management based on the precautionary principle until 2020. To achieve this purpose, the UN has prescribed the principles, objectives and establishment of an action plan for the chemicals management strategy which must be carried out at international, local, and national levels, and requested the implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) comprising of 273 recommendations in 36 work areas. SAICM is currently based on voluntary participation, but is expected to become the basic framework of international order in relation to chemicals management in the future. This study aims to analyze the practice in the occupational safety and health area relating to implement 273 recommendations of the GPA, and propose complementary measures for the system in order to provide political advices for establishing future plans to manage industrial chemicals. Twenty three areas of total 36 work areas and 161 items of 273 recommendations have relevance to occupational safety and health areas. We have found that, as a national implementation level, 157 of 161 industrial safety and health items are being implemented at a satisfactory level in regard to the implementation of the GPA, while 4 items, including the ratification of the ILO Conventions 170, 174, 184, and support for GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of chemicals) implementation of developing countries, require additional complementary measures for the system and operation.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2018

목적 : 본 연구는 국내 아동 작업치료사들이 사용하고 있는 평가도구를 영역별로 구체화하여, 평가도구의 사용 동향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 아동 작업치료사를 대상으로 평가도구 사용에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. 평가도구의 하위영역은 작업수행, 일상생활활동, 교육, 놀이, 감각-지각, 운동 및 실행, 인지, 사회적 상호작용 기술, 발달, 이학적 검사로 구성하였다. 설문에 응답한 105명의 자료를 대상으로 기술통계 및 빈도분석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 본 연구 결과는 초기 평가 시 소요되는 시간은 30~60분(41.9%)이 가장 많았으며, 재평가 주기는 3~6개월(41.0%)로 가장 많이 실시하는 것으로 나타났다. 영역 별 평가도구를 살펴보면, 작업 수행은 Canadian Occupation Performance Measure(55.2%)을, 일상생활활동은 Wee Functional Independence Measure(57.1%)을, 교육은 School Function Assessment(2.5%)를, 놀이 평가도구는 Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale(28.6%)을, 감각-지각은 Developmental Test of Visual Perception(94.3%)을, 운동 및 실행 평가도구는 Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2(42.9%)를, 인지 평가도구는 Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(11.4%)를, 사회적 상호작용 기술은 Evaluation of Social Interaction(6.1%)을, 발달은 Denver Developmental Screening Test-II(92.4%)를, 이학적 검사는 임상관찰(89.5%)을 주로 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 국내 아동작업치료사들이 사용하고 있는 평가도구를 영역별로 구체적으로 파악할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 추후 평가 교육 및 개발을 위한 기초적인 근거자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.68-83
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• 1999

Occupational health nursing (OH N) guide book has been perceived as necessary since group occupational health services started. This study aimed to develop the guidebook for occupational health nurses working in small-scale enterprises(SSE). The guide area of nursing services was selected in 10 categories. These areas were 4 Workplace attitude for occupational health nursing', 'Nursing process', 'Workplace environmental monitoring', 'Personal protective devices', 'Record', 'Health counselling', 'Communication', 'Health education', 'Health screening' and 'Health promotion'. The content was mainly constructed with literature review. The pretest was done to find out what OH nurses do feel about their OH nursing services. Figures were used to guide some occupational health nursing services (OHNS). The further research was expected to develop in more extensive depth and quality.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

Objectives: 3D printing technologies have become widely developed and are increasingly being used for a variety of purposes. Recently, the evaluation of 3D printing operations has been conducted through chamber test studies, and actual workplace studies have yet to be completed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the emission of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), metals, and particles from printing operations at a workplace. This included monitoring conducted at a commercial 3D printing service workplace where the processes involved material extrusion, material jetting, binder jetting, vat photo polymerization, and powder bed fusion. Methods: Area samples were collected with using a Tenax TA tube for VOC emission and MCE filter for metals in the workplace. For particle monitoring, Mini Particle Samplers(MPS) were also placed in the printer, indoor work area, and outdoor area. The objective was to analyze and identify particles' size, morphology, and chemical composition using transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(TEM-EDS) in the workplace. Results: The monitoring revealed that the concentration of VOCs and metals generated during the 3D printing process was low. However, it also revealed that within the 3D printing area, the highest concentration of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) was 4,164 ppb at the vat photopolymerization 3D printing workplace, and the lowest was 148 ppb at the material extrusion 3D printing workplace. For the metals monitoring, chromium, which, is carcinogenic for humans, was detected in the workplace. As a characteristic of the particles, nano-sized particles were also found during the monitoring, but most of them were agglomerated with large and small particles. Conclusions: Based on the monitoring conducted at the commercial 3D printing operation, the results revealed that the concentration of VOCs and metals in the workplace were within Korea's occupational exposure limits. However, due to the emission of nano-sized particles during 3D printing operations, it was recommended that the exposure to VOCs and metals in the workplace should be minimized out of concern for workers' health. It was also shown that the characteristics of particles emitted from 3D printing operations may spread widely within an indoor workplace.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 OTPF와 ICF의 연관성을 알아보는 것을 통하여 참여에 대한 OTPF-3와 ICF의 이론적 개념의 관련성과 차이를 명백히 제시하고, ICF가 작업치료 전문영역을 충분히 설명할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 OTPF-3의 작업 영역 하위항목과 ICF의 활동과 참여 세부분류 코드를 4명의 작업치료 전문가들이 비교분석 하였다. 그 결과, OTPF-3의 작업 영역 하위항목과 ICF의 활동과 참여 세부분류 코드 대부분을 연결하여 개념적 유사성과 차이점을 입증하였다. 이를 통하여 비전문가 및 타분야 전문가들에게 ICF를 활용하여 작업치료의 영역을 설명할 수 있을 것으로 판단되지만, 작업치료 전문가 간 의사소통에는 제한이 있을 것으로 사료된다. OTPF와 ICF의 차이점을 극복하기 위해서는 작업치료 관점에서 OTPF와 ICF를 더 넓고 깊게 비교하는 연구들이 더 많이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2014

Objectives: To develop domestic charcoal tubes with good adsorption capacity, breakthrough experiments were performed on four types of activated charcoal. Materials: The adsorption capacity and the adsorption rate were determined using a modified Wheeler equation after the breakthrough experiment. For four types of charcoal (J, K, S and SKC Inc. 226-01), 100 mg were used in the breakthrough experiment. The test was done on benzene, toluene, n-hexane, and acetone in a dynamic chamber. Results: K charcoal had the greatest surface area and the highest micropore volume. J charcoal had a similar surface area and micropore volume to SKC charcoal. S charcoal had the lowest surface area and micropore volume. J charcoal had the highest adsorption capacity at 101, 252 and 609 ppm of benzene. The gap in benzene adsorption capacity among the types of charcoal was the least at 609 ppm and the greatest at 101 ppm. J charcoal showed the highest adsorption capacity at 54, 106, 228 and 508 ppm of toluene. J charcoal and SKC charcoal had a similar adsorption capacity for acetone. J charcoal had the highest adsorption capacity for n-hexane. In the experiment featuring 10% breakthrough volume, 10% breakthrough occurred at 18 liters at $2065.9mg/m^3$ for J charcoal and at 20 liters at $1771.2mg/m^3$ for K charcoal. It was difficult to judge adsorption capacity by surface area and micropore volume of charcoal. J charcoal, which was similar to SKC charcoal in surface area and micropore volume, showed good adsorption capacity at common workplace concentrations. Conclusions: The adsorption capacity of J and K charcoal was superior compared with SKC charcoal. J and K charcoal can be considered appropriate for use as sampling media based on this result.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2015

Background: The present study aimed to analyze the index value trends of injured employed persons (IEPs) covered in Pakistan Labour Force Surveys from 2001-02 to 2012-13. Methods: The index value method based on reference years and reference groups was used to analyze the IEP trends in terms of different criteria such as gender, area, employment status, industry types, occupational groups, types of injury, injured body parts, and treatment received. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also performed to investigate the inter-relationship of different occupational variables. Results: The values of IEP increased at the end of the studied year in industry divisions such as agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing, followed by in manufacturing and construction industry divisions. People associated with major occupations (such as skilled agricultural and fishery workers) and elementary (unskilled) occupations were found to be at an increasing risk of occupational injuries/diseases with an increasing IEP trend. Types of occupational injuries such as sprain or strain, superficial injury, and dislocation increased during the studied years. Major injured parts of body such as upper limb and lower limb found with increasing trend. Types of treatment received, including hospitalization and no treatment, were found to decrease. Increased IEP can be justified due to inadequate health care facilities, especially in rural areas by increased IEP in terms of gender, areas, received treatment, occupational groups and employment status as results found after Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Conclusion: The increasing trend in the IEP% of the total employed persons due to agrarian activities shows that there is a need to improve health care setups in rural areas of Pakistan.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.339-355
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• 1991

The concept of workers' participation in occupational health was introduced to Korea recently in relation to primary health care in occupational health. But there is confusion and debate about workers' participation concept. The purpose of this study was to review the concepts of workers' participation and to conduct evaluation the workers' participation status in occupational health and safety, 394 workers and 54 employers (5.6%) in north area of Kyunggi-Do, were selected and interviewed with a questionnaire by a trained interviewer from August to September 1990. In general, the concept of workers' participation is based on industrial domocratisation and Declaration of Human Rights which had been powerful ideologies in labor movement. Contrary to workers' participation, community participation is rooted in the Health Rights. So, it is necessary to consider concept of workers' participation to improve participation. The results of survey were as follows. 1. Most of companies (71.75) carried out occupational health education to workers in study area. 2. The Occupational Safety and Health Committee (OSHC) were set up in 24.1% among the study companies, and 72.7% of workers among respondents thought that OSHC was helpful to workers health. 3. The workers signed his name to personal health report in 43.1% and the rate of participation in occupational environment examination was 54.9%. 4. The workers prefer the OSHC (39.3%), owner (35.1%) and union (25.8%) as a occupation health organisation, but owners prefer OSHC (54.5%), manager (43.2%) and union (2.3%). 5. Among the factors of the general characteristics, the existence of labor union was a major determinant of workers' attitude and level of workers' participation. As we have seen, most levels of workers' participation are low in occupational health. The variable of existence of labor union among the factors was a ma determinant of workers attitude and level of workers' participation. Therefore, in order to promote workers health, it is necessary to ponder long deeply on occupational health care system under the viewpoint of workers' participation.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1991

Determination of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in coal and respirable coal dust were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The coal samples of 18 coal mines in Gangneung area were collected and 25 coal mines in Taebaek area. Crushed coal samples were divided into three mesh sizes. The results were as follows : 1. Metal concentrations of coals in Gangneung area by sieve sizes( -100/+200 mesh, -200/+325 mesh, -325 mesh) were as follows: Cu ; 20, 18, 19, Fe ; 1,830, 1,765, 1,107, Pb ; 6, 8, 14, Ni ; 17, 17, 14, Zn ; 4, 2, $4{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Metal concentrations in coals in Taebaek area by sieve sizes(-100/+200 mesh, -200/+325 mesh, -325 mesh) were as follows: Cu ; 30, 32, 26, Fe ; 1,741, 1,822, 1,773, Pb ; 8, 9, 7, Ni ; 13, 13, 13, Zn ; 8, 5, $4{\mu}g/g$, respectively. There were not significant differences of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations of coals statistically in Gangneung and Taebaek area by sieve size. 2. Metal concentrations of coals in Gangneung and Taeback area were as follows : Cu ; 19, 30, Fe ; 1,514, 1,778, Pb ; 9, 8, Ni ; 16, 13, Zn ; 3, $6{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Differences of copper and zinc concentrations of coal samples were significant between Gangneung and Taebaek area, but those of iron, nickel and lead concentrations were not significant. 3. Copper, iron, lead, nickel and zinc concentrations of coals and respirable coal dust were as follows : Cu ; 30, 6, Fe ; 1,779, 5,075, Pb ; 8, 7,814, Ni ; 13, 5,681, Zn ; 5, $134{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Differences of nickel, lead and zinc concentrations were significant between coals and respirable coal dust but those of copper and iron concentrations were not significant.