• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed a plan to maintain comfortable indoor air quality in nursing homes by suggesting ways to reduce items temporarily exceeding the reference values through real-time concentration variation analysis of indoor air quality. Five items including PM10, CO₂, CO, VOC, and Radon are measured at nursing homes in spring (April) and autumn (September) was carried out and all of the measured items were analyzed to satisfy the criteria set by the Indoor Air Quality Control Act. As a result of the analysis of the real-time concentration change, the concentration of CO₂ was close to the reference value based on the number of occupants in the sick room. Due to the disinfectant (alcohol) used to disinfect and the auxiliary tools (adhesive) used in the operation of the program such as making and coloring, it was analyzed to temporarily exceed the standard value in the hall. In conclusion, it is possible to provide pleasant indoor air quality and contribute to securing the nursing home's competitiveness if periodic ventilation, natural disinfectant and eco-friendly product are used in consideration of the thermal environment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2000

Today, the rapid economic growth and emerging new trends have been changed radically throughout the society and they especially have affected the changes of life-style and the diversity of residents'demands in housing life. This changes of life have brought the shift in family form from traditional type, thus new phase of nuclear family means that it makes on the whole, variable family forms such as single family, non-blood one, a generation one and so on. It therefore is time that we should not only explore current housing plans, but envisage concept of new living space to satisfy latent need of the occupants. But the forms, in spite of the diversity of user's needs and the change of life-style, of many houses as many apartment and tenement houses supplied so far have been clearly limted, and housing policy of the mass-supply causes monotonous space composition, over-occupation and non-changeability. Now, the collective houses have some limits owing to the commoness and assemblage, but they have failed to keep up with the variable and changeable life-style of residents. These problems, to put it concretely, lead to increasing needs for the number of rooms in proportion to family members, for the change of behavior using the space. We therefore need to propose the new living space. As the current plans for designing house are based on the average life-style of people, they can not cope with variable demands of the resident. For that reason, this paper will propose the manual space system as an alternative for it and the goal is to suggest new furniture system which we need to create the flexibility of living space.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2016

Melatonin hormone involved in human's circadian rhythm adjustment sensitively responds to light's specific short wavelength ratio. A shift worker's circadian rhythm disturbance and sleep disorder are caused by the existing lighting conditions, whose short wavelength ratio is fixed. The life pattern of a shift worker changes irregularly because of irregular working hours and the same lighting environment; thus, his/her concentration is reduced. For such a reason, negative effects ensue to the detriment of healthy everyday life, including a high risk of accidents or having unsound sleep after leaving work. A smartphone-based wavelength control LED lighting system that targets shift workers and that can easily measure and control lighting suitable for wake-sleep cycle, according to working hours and closing hours, is proposed in this paper. First, after the light characteristics of LED lighting that changes depending on light control ratio are measured through the color sensor installed on the smartphone and the externally-linked Mini-Spectrometer, they are stored in the database. Based on the stored optical characteristics data, the measurement module and light control module are implemented. Lighting is offered using a control ratio having the maximum rate of short wavelength in consideration of the target illuminance, classified according to work type by identifying working hours as time when waking is required for shift workers. After a shift work leaves work, the amount of lighting is varied, using a control ratio having a minimum short wavelength rate so that a shift worker can enter the sleep state naturally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.381-393
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• 2001

The current traffic situation in Korea can be described as rapid change in traffic volume and diversity in vehicle size from compact cars to large trucks. W-beam barrier most widely used in Korea was found not to satisfy the stiffness requirement for the Koran impact condition of 14 ton-60Km/h-15deg. and it was too stiff for small vehicles impacting with more realistic speed to satisfy the safety of vehicle occupants. To develop a guardrail system satisfying the two contradicting goals, a thrie-beam guardrail system, which had the beam thickness of 3.2mm and rubber cushions, was conceived. Even though the height of the thrie-beam(450mm) is increased by 100mm as compared to that of W-beam (350mm), there was only 2% increase in the weight of the thrie-beam. The new thrie-beam barrier system could contain more wide range of vehicle bumper heights, and showed better performance in the viewpoint of stiffness and energy absorbing capability than the W-beam system. The impact performance was evaluated from a crash test. The developed thrie-beam guardrail system satisfied all applicable criteria for NCHRP 350 test designation 3-10.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Health care services in a residential area would accelerate the aging in place. In addition, these changes would play a key role in terms of reducing healthcare costs and leading a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study draws the design methodology of community facilities and each dwelling with healthcare services in apartment complex, which the elderly people will enjoy a better health status. This paper presents the result focused on the welfare building in Gayang 7th apartment complex. The intention to receive healthcare services was investigated by occupants. Moreover, design requirements were drawn through in-depth interviews and the state observation to use the service. In the complex, stronger intention to serve the u-Healthcare services was shown to the pre elderly group than the elderly. Both of them had a problem to use and keep the health equipment due to the fact there is not enough space in the unit. Reporting the observation results, the upright-posture furniture attaching the healthcare equipment and the equipment storage should be prepared in the unit. In the public space, the program for these healthcare services can be divided into three parts, i.e. the health status measurement, the healthcare, and the service connected to the surrounding facilities. The health status measurement can be the basic to the health services and its function should be gradually extended. In the complex, the hybrid type with various functions could be applied owing to a new building for welfare; moreover, semi-independent user should be able to receive the home healthcare service.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.662-668
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• 2018

Most electric rooms are located in the underground spaces of buildings. When a fire occurs in electrical equipment, the fire expands to cable insulation material, resulting in toxic smoke and combustion products. If the smoke and combustion products quickly move vertically and horizontally, the evacuation of occupants and firefighting activities will be hindered. Therefore, it is necessary to design optimal equipment for smoke control in cases of fires in electric rooms. This study analyzes the characteristics of smoke and combustion products in fires in a cubicle-type switchboard in an electric room using PyroSim, which is based on the program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The fire modeling consists of four scenarios according to the operation mode of the mechanical ventilation equipment, the amount of air supply and exhaust, and the location of the air supply slot. The analysis shows that the mechanical ventilation equipment improves the smoke density, visibility, carbon monoxide concentration, and temperature characteristics. The visibility and temperature characteristics were improved when the air flow rate and the location of the air supply slot from fire defense regulations were applied.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2009

Discomfort Glare from the artificial light sources is an important issue in assessment of lighting quality for healthy buildings. Glare, as a factor of the characteristics of brightness, which has been defined as the sensation produced by contrast and luminance within an entire field view, unfavorably influences the occupants who performs visual tasks. It may cause annoyance and discomfort by interruption of visibility. In the whole visual field, glare can be determined by effects of the position, the luminance and the size of the light source and brightness of the surroundings. Therefore, experimental equipment is required to maintain a constant visual lighting environment. Recent studies have been developed and used the instrument for glare sensation evaluation but the instruments showed some difficulties to verify the correlation of glare indicators. The instrument have been developed with reference to former studies. It is called the Glare Tester. This is consist of 2[m]-diameter vertical dome screen painted with white flat paint, and light sources installed inside the screen. These light sources can provide various range of brightness at any inner surface of the screen. 2 Glare light sources can provide the value of luminance within the range of $0{\sim}150,000[cd/m^2]$. Moreover, 12 light sources are used for background luminance and it can perform the value of luminance within the range of $0{\sim}350[cd/m^2]$. Several experiments have been conducted using this Glare Tester to evaluate the range of the visibility, the values of BCD and the glare sensation in lower and upper visual field.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-204
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• 2005

Building and furnishing materials and consumer product are important sources of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and other aldehydes in the indoor environment. Some available evidence indicates that VOCs can cause adverse health effects to the building occupants and contribute to some of the symptoms of what we call, 'Sick House Syndrome' in Korea. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of emission system and to investigate comparison of the emission characteristics of different building materials such as wall-papers, paints, and adhesives. The emission of VOCs from building materials were determined in the small chambers defining the temperature, relative humidity, and ventilation rate in this study. VOCs were sampled for 20 minutes using Tenax-TA tubes and analysed by GC-MS with thermal desorption. The stability of conditions for temperature and relative humidity in this small chamber system showed that the fluctuation of temperature was between 25.4$\pm$0.3$^{\circ}C$ and that of relative humidity was 50.2$\pm$0.6$\%$ under the airflow rate of 167 mL/min. The emission tests from building materials resulted in TVOC emission rates of 0.011 $\~$ 3.108 mg/m$^{2}$h after 7 days. The general wall-papers emitted toluene abundantly and the natural wall-papers mainly emitted n-butanol and a minor amount of alkanes compound such as n -tetradecane. The remainder consisted of toluene, m,p -xylene, and styrene. The paints mainly emitted toluene and the adhesives mainly emitted chloroform as well as toluene. As a result, this study is expected to suggest meaningful data for future studies in exposure control through selecting healthy building materials and for the establishment of guidelines for various building materials in Korea.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.645-652
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• 2011

This study examined changes of both psychological and physiological emotional responses according to change of the PMV (predicted mean vote) in the heating and the cooling air conditions. For this purpose, the changes of PMV were induced by the heating and cooling operations of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. In addition, positive/negative and arousal/relaxation were measured as the participant's psychological emotional responses, and HR (heart rate) was measured as the participant's physiological emotional responses. As a result, in same range of the PMV, both psychological and physiological emotional-responses were changed by air conditioning. It is suggested that occupant's emotional responses would depend on the operational conditions of heating and cooling in indoor thermal environments, and both psychological and physiological emotional response should be considered when occupants try to match the indoor thermal environments to their thermal expectations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.678-686
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• 2017

This study is performed with the view point that a strategy to maintain the existing residents as well as to attract people outside is necessary in order to revitalize the downtown of an area. Empirical analyses of this study are focused on the residents in downtowns of the two counties, Hongsung and Yesan which are concerned of becoming hollow. According to the results, the residents who want to continue living in the downtown are the old and the owner-occupants of detached housing units while those who hope to leave to Naepo, a neighboring new town are in their 30's or high income-earners. Thus, policies such as renovating detached housing for the old are required. In addition, policies to reduce outflow of the people who are in their 30's or high income-earners are also needed. Especially, since the resident who is highly probable to leave is estimated to spend 553 thousand Korean Won per year in the downtown, on-going outflow of residents would weaken the local market and threaten the local economy. Consequently, local governments need to set up directions of urban renovation policies by considering decline in population, change in demographic structure, appropriate allocation of limited budget, and sustainable urban development based on empirical research results.