• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Recently, the safety in vehicle also has become a hot topic as self-driving car is developed. In passive safety systems such as airbags and seat belts, the system is being changed into an active system that actively grasps the status and behavior of the passengers including the driver to mitigate the risk. Furthermore, it is expected that it will be possible to provide customized services such as seat deformation, air conditioning operation and D.W.D (Distraction While Driving) warning suitable for the passenger by using occupant information. In this paper, we propose robust vehicle occupant detection algorithm based on RGB-Depth-Thermal camera for obtaining the passengers information. The RGB-Depth-Thermal camera sensor system was configured to be robust against various environment. Also, one of the deep learning algorithms, OpenPose, was used for occupant detection. This algorithm is advantageous not only for RGB image but also for thermal image even using existing learned model. The algorithm will be supplemented to acquire high level information such as passenger attitude detection and face recognition mentioned in the introduction and provide customized active convenience service.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.73-78
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• 1994

In this study, we are to exam the flexibility of the house planning in Korean situation. For this, not only the study of literature but the analysis of occupant's behavior are needed. This paper is limited in the research of literature. As results, 4 dimensions of the problems in the flexible house planning are extracted. They are, choice and partispation of occupants, reinvestment of a supplementay expenditures, occupant's preference of flexible house, and the problems of exisitin planning of apartment house.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 1998

In substitution of beam-nonlinear spring model for real-car, it may have errors due to complicated characteristics of joint and overestimation of joints stiffness. In this research, a method for the joint modeling was suggested by nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of beam and shell joint models and verified by the application of accomplished joint modeling method to simplified full car model. In consequence, modified simplified full car model was improved in local acceleration and rigid wall force. Finally, the frontal crash analyses with the dummy were established and the accelerations of accelerations of head, chest and pelvis had good agreements with those of shell model.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2010

The performance of full-scale steel and composite bridge safety barriers under vehicle crash is evaluated by using the nonlinear explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. Two types of vehicles used in this study are passenger car and truck, and the performance criteria considered include structural strength and deformation, occupant protection, and post-crash vehicle behavior. It can be concluded that the composite safety barrier satisfies all performance criteria of vehicle crash. Although the steel safety barrier satisfies the performance criteria of occupant protection and post-crash vehicle behavior, it fails to satisfy the performance criterion of deformation. In all performance evaluations, the composite safety barrier exhibits a superior performance in comparing with the steel safety barrier.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1065-1071
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• 2023

In this paper discuss with research developing an LSTM model for classifying the behavior of occupants within a residence. The multi-sensor consists of an IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) sensor that measures indoor air quality, a UWB radar that tracks occupancy detection and location, and a Piezo sensor to measure occupants' biometric information, and collects occupant behavior data such as going out, staying, cooking, cleaning, exercise, and sleep by constructed an experimental environment similar to the actual residential environment. After the data with removed outliers and missing, the LSTM model is used to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of the occupant behavior classification model, T1 score.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.96-109
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• 1996

The airbag system is known to be extremely efficient for the protection in an automobile crash. The performance of the airbag system is evaluated by real tests. However, the test is very difficult and expensive. Therefore, the computational simulations are carried out with low cost. The airbag analysis is included in the anlysis of the full-car crashworthiness. The behavior of the airbag can be predicted by a thermodynamic analysis. The contact force between the occupant and the airbag is calculated from the contact volume and the pressure in the airbag. The injury rate is evaluated from the contact force and the acceleration of dummies. So far, the contact is defined after the airgag is fully inflated. In many cases, the occupant is seated in the out-of-position and the contact can happen during the inflation process. A new algorithm has been developed for the out-of-position. To describe the inflation process precisely, the airbag is defined by a sphere and a torus. The injury is evaluated for the contact happened at any time. The developed algorithm is coded and interfaced with an existing software in the public domain. The full-car modeling is adopted from the previous study which is tuned for the regular position and real tests. Numerical experimentation have been carried out with a couple of dummies in the out-of-position and the injury processes are analyzed.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.100-105
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• 2022

Oblique car to car frontal impact is quite common on the road and series of studies have been done to realize this in the lab. At a certain angle of oblique crash a car (ego) is to travel at a speed of xkm/h to hit the other car(traffic) which is approaching to ego at a speed of ykm/h. Symmetry of the speed of two vehicles, x vs. y, is studied with respect to the impulse of the ego vehicle as well as occupant injury. If there is symmetry of speed of two vehicles, number of case studies needed to analyze the oblique frontal impact may decrease: ex. in the case of 30degree oblique crash 40km/h (ego) / 80km/h (traffic) will show the similar behavior as 80km/h (ego) / 40km/h (traffic) crash.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 1989

In this study, the independent variables are the floor plan configulation. The dependent variables are the occupant's egress behavior, especially spatial movement pattern, and life - safety performance of building. Fire events were simulated on single story of office building. Simulation run for allowable secaping thime(180 seconds) arbitrarily selected, and involved 48 occupants. The major findings Pre as follows. 1) Computer simulation model suggested in this study can be used as the Preoccupancy evaluation method of the life-safety performance for architectural design based on prediction of occupants' egress behavior in the levels of validity and sensitivity, 2) Sucess or failure in occupants' escape is determined by decreasing walking speed caused by jamming at exits or over crowded corridor, and increasing route length caused by running about in confusion at each subdivision and corridor. 3) In floor plan configuration which safe areas located at the extreme ends of the corridor, cellular floor planning have to be avoided preventing jamming and running about in confusion at overcrowded corridor.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2004

In order to investigate the small female occupant behavior and accompanying injury mechanisms in vehicular trash event, a finite element model of $5^{th}$ percentile female has been developed. The model consists of articulated rigid body, which represents the morphology of small female body, and internal components with anatomical details. Articulated rigid body model serves as a basic platform for joining the detail internal skeletons and organs, while itself can be used for representing the overall kinematics of small female occupant. The modeling details such as anthropometry and finite element structure as well as validation results for the articulated rigid body model are introduced in this paper. The second part of the modeling, i.e. the internal components with anatomical details of small female are presented in subsequent part II of the paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.166-167
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• 2021

The elderly population in Korea is constantly increasing. As the number of Long-Term Care hospitals increases, many fires have occurred in related facilities. In this facilities, due to the characteristics of the occupants, self-evacuation is difficult, resulting in a number of casualties. It is necessary to Life safety design that reflects the characteristics of the occupants of domestic long-term hospitals. The study attempted to suggest improvements to the standards of evacuation behavior model for occupants of domestic and overseas long-term care hospitals. As a result of the study, patients living in long-term hospitals have a problem that is difficult to evacuate on their own. It is judged that there is a need to present an evacuation behavior model database by setting evacuation priorities and evacuation plans. In addition, it is necessary to more the design factors that affect the evacuation model as well as the characteristics of the occupants of the long-term care hospital.