• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.96-109
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• 1996

The airbag system is known to be extremely efficient for the protection in an automobile crash. The performance of the airbag system is evaluated by real tests. However, the test is very difficult and expensive. Therefore, the computational simulations are carried out with low cost. The airbag analysis is included in the anlysis of the full-car crashworthiness. The behavior of the airbag can be predicted by a thermodynamic analysis. The contact force between the occupant and the airbag is calculated from the contact volume and the pressure in the airbag. The injury rate is evaluated from the contact force and the acceleration of dummies. So far, the contact is defined after the airgag is fully inflated. In many cases, the occupant is seated in the out-of-position and the contact can happen during the inflation process. A new algorithm has been developed for the out-of-position. To describe the inflation process precisely, the airbag is defined by a sphere and a torus. The injury is evaluated for the contact happened at any time. The developed algorithm is coded and interfaced with an existing software in the public domain. The full-car modeling is adopted from the previous study which is tuned for the regular position and real tests. Numerical experimentation have been carried out with a couple of dummies in the out-of-position and the injury processes are analyzed.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2014

To verify the performance of roadside safety facilities, strength and occupant protection test are performed by evaluation criteria. Strength test use a truck and occupant protection test use a sedan. Strength perfomance is analyzed pass rate by post lateral resistance of the safety barrier. Occupant protection performance is analyzed from THIV(Theoretical Head Impact Velocity) and PHD(Post-impact Head Deceleration) by crash cushion test.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2013

Base on insurance vehicle collision and bodily injury claim reports, 23,655 cases of vehicle to vehicle accidents occurred in Korea 2010 are investigated in order to understand vehicle damage severities, repair costs and occupant injury types. The results of our statistical analysis reveal that minor damages with small dent or scratches on vehicle body panels which is assumed to imply during very low speed crashes are major portion of accident severities types. The most vulnerable body regions due to the real-world accident are neck. The 86.3% of total injured driver in minor rear damaged vehicles has reported neck pains and they are followed by whole bodies and head but with much lower occurrence rates.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

충격흡수시설의 충돌거동은 보통 0.4초 미만의 짧은 순간에 일어나므로 삼차원의 매우 복잡한 거동을 수치적으로 계산한다는 것은 쉽지 않다. 따라서 새로운 충격흡수시설을 개발할 때 특별한 설계단계를 거치지 않고 실물차량 충돌시험에만 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 충돌시험에서 탑승자 안전도를 평가하기 위해서 계측기를 통해 가속도와 각속도를 추출하여 계산하고 있으며 고속카메라를 이용해 차량과 충격흡수시설의 충돌거동을 촬영한다. 하지만 고속카메라 영상의 활용범위는 제한적으로 사용되고 있으며, 탑승자 안전도 분석이나 충격흡수시설의 에너지소산 메커니즘을 분석하기위해 활용된 사례가 없다. 본 연구에서는 계측기로부터 획득한 데이타와 고속카메라 영상분석을 통해 추출된 데이타를 비교해 적합성 여부를 판단하고 탑승자 안전도 해석이나 충돌거동을 분석 에 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1994년도 학술발표대회논문집 하
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• pp.73-78
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• 1994

In this study, we are to exam the flexibility of the house planning in Korean situation. For this, not only the study of literature but the analysis of occupant's behavior are needed. This paper is limited in the research of literature. As results, 4 dimensions of the problems in the flexible house planning are extracted. They are, choice and partispation of occupants, reinvestment of a supplementay expenditures, occupant's preference of flexible house, and the problems of exisitin planning of apartment house.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 경량휠체어 탑승자의 차량 전방충돌시 안전성 평가를 위하여 동적 슬래드 충격실험을 하였다. 실험은 총 6회 시행하였으며 충격속도는 20g/48 $\pm$2km/h 였고, Hybrid III 50%ile 성인남자 인체모형을 사용하여 두부손상기준(Head Injury Criteria), 목의 굴전모멘트, 축 인장력, 전단력, 흉부 가속도. 두부, 휠체어, 무릎의 전방 쏠림량을 측정하였으며 미국자동차학회 규격인 SAE J2249에서 제안한 동작기준 (Motion Criteria)과 미국 제너럴모터스사의 자체기준(GM-IARV)인 복합상해기준(Combined Injury Criteria)을 이용하여 안전성평가를 하였다. 실험결과는 경량 휠체어 탑승자의 전방 충돌 시 최대 상해치를 100%로 봤을 때 휠체어와 탑승자 거동의 위험도지수 MC는 52%, 탑승자의 상체 위험도지수 CIC는 60.1% 였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.559-582
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• 2011

This paper presents an integrated wind-induced dynamic analysis and computer-based design optimization technique for minimizing the structural cost of general tall buildings subject to static and dynamic serviceability design criteria. Once the wind-induced dynamic response of a tall building structure is accurately determined and the optimal serviceability design problem is explicitly formulated, a rigorously derived Optimality Criteria (OC) method is to be developed to achieve the optimal distribution of element stiffness of the structural system satisfying the wind-induced drift and acceleration design constraints. The effectiveness and practicality of the optimal design technique are illustrated by a full-scale 60-story building with complex 3D mode shapes. Both peak resultant acceleration criteria and frequency dependent modal acceleration criteria are considered and their influences on the optimization results are highlighted. Results have shown that the use of various acceleration criteria has different implications in the habitability evaluations and subsequently different optimal design solutions. The computer based optimization technique provides a powerful tool for the lateral drift and occupant comfort design of tall building structures.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2005

Recently Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Based on Independent Subspaces (MDOIS), an MDO (multidisciplinary design optimization) algorithm, has been proposed. In this research, an MDO problem is defined for design of a belt integrated seat considering crashworthiness, and MDOIS is applied to solve the problem. The crash model consists of an airbag, a belt integrated seat (BIS), an energy absorbing steering system, and a safety belt. It is found that the current design problem has two disciplines - structural nonlin- ear analysis and occupant analysis. The interdisciplinary relationship between the disciplines is identified and is addressed in the system analysis step in MDOIS. Interdisciplinary variables are belt load and stiffness of the seat, which are determined in system analysis step. The belt load is passed to the structural analysis subspace and stiffness of the seat back frame to the occupant analysis subspace. Determined design vari- ables in each subspace are passed to the system analysis step. In this way, the design process iterates until the convergence criterion is satisfied. As a result of the design, the weight of the BIS and Head Injury Crite- rion (HIC) of an occupant are reduced with specified constraints satisfied at the same time. Since the system analysis cannot be formulated in an explicit form in the current example, an optimization problem is formu - lated to solve the system analysis. The results from MDOIS are discussed.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권1호통권19호
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• pp.139-156
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the solution of occupant problems related to the house purchasing. For the purpose, the content of problems and actual conditions of house purchasing are examined. Also the structural analysis of occupant's evaluation of housing purchasing is executed. For these purposes, a survey was conducted using questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted from 263 house owners in Seoul. Major findings of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1) The frequency and the contend of occupation's problems with house purchasing are studied. The rate of housing problem occurrence is 71.2%, so the majority of respondents experience problems. The most common problems are the difference from supplier's description(53.2%). The rate of housing problems occurrence is qenerally high with the houses of mult-housedhold houses and mult-family houses type. 2) There is a significant difference in housing satisfaction extend according to the existence of an housing problem experience. Therefore, it can be inferred that experience of housing problem has an important effects upon the housing satasfaction extent. 3) Occupants' countermoves to the housing problems are examined. Occupants make active regotiation with house suppliers only on the direct damages such as an economical loss or a living difficulty. However, they usually make no countermove at all on the other indirect troubles. House suppliers make correction only when occupants' countermove actively, but refuse to do when occupant's reactions are not active. 4) As a means of countermove, most occupants depend on direct personal regotiation with house suppliers. The rate of using a specialist or public and private consultant is extremely low. 5) Problems with house purchasing and the countermove process of both occupant and house supplier are displayed in the figure(Fig. 4-4).

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the injury mechanism of facial injury related to an air-bag's deployment in occupant motor vehicle accident (MVA) by using Hospital Information System (HIS) and reconstruction program, based on the materials related to motor vehicle accidents. Among patients who visited the emergency department of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital due to motor vehicle accidents from August 2012 to February 2014, we collected data on patients with agreement for taking the damaged vehicle's photos. After obtaining the verbal consent from the patient, we asked about the cause of the accident, information on vehicle involved in the accident, and the location of car repair shop. The photos of the damaged vehicle were taken on the basis of front, rear, left side and right side. Damage to the vehicle was presented using the CDC code by analytical study of photo-images of the damaged vehicle, and a trauma score was used for medical examination of the severity of the patient's injury. Among the 309 patients with agreement for an investigation, thirty five (11.3 %) were the severe who had ISS over 15. And also, sixteen (5.2%) derived from the reconstructed data (maximum collision energy, maximum acceleration, delta V) by PC-Crash. As a result, ISS including the facial injuries was affected by the condition. It was high when the number of crash extent, the safety belt was not fastened, and the seating position of occupant and the direction of collision is same. For accurate analysis of the relationship between occupant injury and vehicle damage in MVAs, build-up of an in-depth database through carrying out various policies for motor vehicle accidents is necessary for sure.