• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.68-90
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• 2007

Nurse staffing level is an important factor that influences the quality of health service and patient outcomes. This study was carried out to examine the current state of acute hospital nurse staffing and find out factors that affect the nurse staffing level. Nurse staffing of individual hospitals was measured using the number of registered nurses per 100 beds. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were conducted using 592 acute care hospitals' data. Regression model included structure factors such as referral level, ownership, medical and general staffing, and financial outcome factors such as occupancy rate, inpatient and outpatient revenues. Market characteristics included strength of competition, supply of nurses, and income and health status level of consumers. The average number of nurses per 100 beds was 28 and showed a great variation according to the referral level. Regression model explained this variation as much as 76.87%. Hospital structure variables which affecting the hospital nurse staffing level positively were ICU bed ratio, the staffing level of specialist, training doctor and employees except doctor and nursing personnel, while the negative factor was nurse aid staffing level. General hospitals employed more nurses than hospitals. Among outcome characteristics, occupancy rate and the amount of health insurance inpatient revenue affected positively on the hospital nurse staffing level. The more supply of the new nurse and the higher consumer income and health status in the medical service markets, the more nurses were employed by the medical institutes. According to the study result, hospitals employed more nurses when they had more financial incentive by increasing nurses. This means appropriate hospital incentive policy and regulation policy, which hospital violate nurse staffing level have to pay penality, should be needed. Clarifying job description between nurses and nurse aids and the reentry program for unemployed experienced nurses will be helpful to increase nurse staffing level.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1106-1110
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• 2010

본 논문은 자동화 컨테이너 터미널의 장치장에서 장치 위치 결정 전략을 다목적 진화 알고리즘(MOEA: Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm)을 이용해 최적화하는 방안을 제안한다. 장치장의 해측과 육측 생산성은 서로 상충하기 때문에, 이 둘을 동시에 최대화하는 것은 불가능하다. 대신 본 논문에서는 MOEA를 이용해 파레토 최적해 집합(Pareto optimal set)을 구하였다. 초기 실험 결과 장치장의 컨테이너 점유율이 높은 어려운 문제의 경우, MOEA의 집단이 지역 해에 쉽게 빠지는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 본 논문에서는 난이도가 다른 두 개의 문제를 동시에 최적화함으로써 집단의 다양성을 유지하는 방안을 제안하였으며, 실험 결과 제안 방안이 단일 문제만 해결하는 방안에 비해 동일한 비용으로 더 좋은 전략을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 스프링클러설비가 설치된 대상물에서의 화재발생 시 인명피해 발생통계를 통하여 화재안전기준 요소의 성능을 분석하고 국내 화재안전기준 요소와 미국의 NFPA 13의 기준과의 비교를 통하여 성능을 분석함으로써 합리적이고 공학적인 화재안전기준 제정으로 인명 및 재산피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 개선방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 미국의 경우 스프링클러설비가 설치된 경우가 설치되지 않은 경우에 비하여 화재 당 사망률이 83 % 정도 낮았으나 국내의 경우 280 % 정도로 미국의 경우보다 3.37 배 높았다. 이와 같은 소화성능의 결여는 일률적인 용도분류, 화재하중을 고려하지 않은 수원의 양, 살수밀도를 고려하지 않은 기준개수 및 수평거리에 따른 스프링클러설비의 설치가 그 원인으로 분석되었다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.333-350
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• 1999

Today freeway is thought to be a very important transportation facility carrying tremendous traffic flow as the main corridor within the area of between the areas. However freeway is experiencing severe congestion and accidents by increased entrance ramp flow especially at peak time period. Ramp meters on the freeway entrance ramps that supply traffic to the freeway in a measured or appropriately regulated amount are needed for alleviating freeway congestion. Because ramp meters can be operated to discharge traffic at a measured or regulated rate thus maintaining more uniform speed on the mainline section maximizing the throughput to the freeway within the capacity of a downstream bottleneck and reducing the congestion related accidents. Thus the objectives in this study were to analyze the traffic characteristics on the freeway I-94 with ramp metering system before/after ITS technology in Detroit (Michigan) area compare shifts of the traffic characteristics on the freeway I-94 before/after ITS technology and finally suggest a better ramp metering strategy for the freeway system The following results were obtained: i)Flow occupancies and speeds on the mainline merge section of freeway were shown to be a big difference depending on the peak periods areas and directions based on the distribution of traffic flow characteristics on the freeway. ii)Reduced speed was shown to be more than 5 mph and ramp flow was also shown to be more than 240 vph at peak periods if there was the ramp metering system constructed on the freeway. iii)Ramp metering system was shown to be optimally operated on the freeway if ramp flow could be maximized within the range of over 900 vph and reduced occupancy could be also maximized by no more than 2 percent at peak periods. iv)The average flows on the freeway after the ITS technology were shown to be a decrease of over 20% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those flow on the freeway before the ITS technology. over 20% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those speeds on the freeway before the ITS technology. vi)The average metering rates on the freeway after the ITS technology were shown to be an increase of over 10% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those metering rates on the freeway before the ITS technology.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권9B호
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• pp.829-837
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• 2006

패킷들은 네트워크 혼잡으로 인해 라우터에서 손실되거나 지연된다. 이러한 현상은 높은 Qos를 요구하는 멀티미디어 스트리밍 응용의 품질을 떨어뜨리는 요인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 알고리즘(DBRC)은 라우터큐의 점유율이 균형 상태에 도달할 수 있도록 지연 시간의 증가/감소에 따라 트래픽 전송률을 제어한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 TFRC와 비교 분석한 결과, DBRC 알고리즘은 안정적인 전송률 변화, 거의 일정한 지연 시간, 적은 패킷 손실을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

This paper aims at suggesting several ways lo change financial vulnerability and to improve managerial capability of local public hospitals (LPHs) in Korea through the identification of factors affecting profitability. Several findings of the research are as follows: To begin with, LPHs exhibited a statistically significant difference in their profitability from one another, according to tile analyses of their profitable margins from tile general characteristics. It depends on the number of hospitals in the area, the population of the hospital-built area, the number of competing hospitals, the number of staff per 100 beds, the opening of special clinic, the educational function, and the capacity of rooms. However, there was no variable in the managerial characteristics, presenting a significant difference, in contrast with hospitals which have been managed by private companies and made a great amount of profits. Second, according to the analyses of profit differences in behavioral effort-characteristics, a statistically significant difference was revealed upon the basis of the efforts to improve the clinic service, invite special patients, and shorten the period of being hospitalized. Third, the result of analyses about the difference of profitability from medical care and finance is statistically significant in the rate of labor cost, the rate of management cost, bed-occupancy rate, and the period of being hospitalized. Fourth, according to the analyses of the factors influencing the net profit ratio of the entire capital, Adjusted explanatory power(Adjusted $R^2$) was shown up to 65.2%, which is high. To compare the adjusted explanatory power stage by stage, the first stage model applying only two variables such as structural and strategic characteristics exhibited 23.8%, and the second stage model adding financial characteristics showed 51.5%. The explanatory power was much improved up to 65.2% when the third stage model incorporated the outcome of medical care performance. When the return on investment(ROI) was examined by using the multi-variate linear regression analysis at the final model of third stage, it was found that ROI had a positive relationship with the increase rate of patients, labor costs per doctor, and medical care rate of socially protected inpatients. However, it revealed that ROI had a negative relationship with the ratio of labor costs, the number of patients per managerial staff, and occupancy rate of rooms, respectively. The research suggests that in order for LPHs to increase profitability, LPH, should make efforts not only to attract patients to the hospitals without any discrimination of the patients depending on their financial status, but also to develop efficient management methods to reduce labor costs.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2023

다양한 서비스가 등장으로 인해 스펙트럼 부족 문제가 가속하됨에 따라, 면허 대역에서 통신하던 사용자들을 비면허 대역에서 통신하는 NR-U(New Radio-Unlicensed)가 등장하였다. 하지만 NR-U 네트워크 사용자로 인해 동일한 비면허 대역에서 통신하는 Wi-Fi 네트워크 사용자의 성능이 감소하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 NR-U 네트워크 사용자와 WiFi 네트워크 사용자가 공존해있는 비면허 대역의 처리량과 비면허 대역의 사용에 대한 공평성을 동시에 최대화하는 것을 목표로 한다. 먼저 비면허 대역에서 전송률 분할 다중 접속 기술을 활용한 NR-U 네트워크의 합-전송 속도 (Sum of Rate)를 최대화하기 위해 강화 학습의 몬테 카를로 정책 하강법(Monte Carlo Policy Gradient)을 활용한 최적의 전력 할당 기법을 제안하였다. 그 뒤, 동일한 비면허 대역에서 NR-U 네트워크와 WiFi 네트워크의 공존을 위해 시스템 처리량과 공정성을 동시에 최대화할 수 있는 게임 이론의 순차적 라이파 협상 해법(Sequential Raiffa Bargaining Solution)을 활용한 채널 점유 시간 분할 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과에서 동일한 전력 할당 기법을 사용하였을 때, 본 논문에서 제안한 전송률 분할 다중 접속 기술이 기존의 다중 접속 기술들보다 더 빠른 합-전송속도를 보임을 확인하였다. 또한 비면허 대역 네트워크의 전송량과 공평성을 비교해본 결과 본 논문의 순차적 라이파 협상 해법을 활용한 채널 점유 시간 분할 알고리즘이 타 알고리즘보다 처리량과 공정성을 동시에 만족함을 입증하였다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the method on improving the frequency of use and satisfaction rate of the community facilities and to evaluate relation between improving the frequency of use and satisfaction rate of the community facilities and improving the sense of community in apartments. The research subjects of this study is the four public lease apartments which is built around same period with same design guide. The survey method is a questionnaire survey, a experimental study, focus group interview, an analysing drawing. The result of study is as follows. The first, the frequency of use and satisfaction rate have been effected by the operation management system as well as the physical circumstance. The second, The frequency of use and satisfaction rate of the community facilities have had positive correlation with sense of community. The third, multimedia room and conference room with low usability need to change a multipurpose space such as cafe, classroom for learning on artistic topic with high demand from occupant. Finally, a mindset shift is required for architects to inspire community facilities as an important mediated space improving the sense of community by suggesting spaces for leisure and hobby activities.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2003

This study is to grasp a trend of profitability classified by characteristics of hospitals and to analyze related factors. Subjects are 145 hospitals which have gotten the standardization audit by Korean Hospital Association during 1998-200l. Profitability was measured in the aspect of operation profit rate with operating margin to gross revenue as proxy variables. Independent variables were classified by general factors (ownership, number of beds, period of establishment, competition), financial factors (liabilities to total assets, current ratio, fixed ratio, total asset turnover, inventories turnover), and factors related to patient treatment (average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, new outpatient ratio, admission ratio of outpatients, number of patients per specialist, personnel costs per adjusted inpatient, administrative costs per adjusted inpatient). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis model was used in this study. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analyzation of operating margin to gross revenue, adjustive $R^2$ of general factors was relatively more powerful. The factors had significant effect on operating margin to gross revenue were ownership(+), number of beds(+), competition(+), current ratio(+), fixed ratio(+), total asset turnover(+), personnel costs per adjusted inpatient(-).

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13호
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• pp.32-36
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• 1997

This study is on the interior design standards which is based on the user participicatiov. The design standards in office planning is relied on user participication with practical method and suitable survey item. On space programming and zonning phase, work relationship, visiting rate and characteristics of work can be applied. The rate to take desk-occupancy, information processing grade, the needs of side work table, visitor table and surplus storage space can help to get workstation unit type. The layout of units can be applied on the grade of communication and work-concetration.