• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information regarding the planning of lounge and hallway areas for skilled nursing facilities for the elderly, given that residents spend much of their time in these areas. This study examined Korean elderly residents' occupancy and behavior in lounges and hallways in order to analyze how plan type, spatial composition, and equipment affect residents. To do this, observations were conducted in five facilities that were provided to the elderly at no charge. Results indicate that a central garden offers a wide hallway area that can be used not only for strolling but also for list of activities; at the same time, it can reduce the overall rate of inactivity. A shorter distance between the lounge and hallway on the opposite side is likely to help better disperse residents' throughout the facility. Hallway corners have potential for activities that may require sofas, tables, or equipment for individual activities; they could also be used for planned interaction programs or unplanned collaboration on the part of small groups of residents.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.9A
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• pp.2249-2257
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose the enhanced priority control algorithm that adaptively controls the cell service ratio according to the relative cell occupancy ratio of buffer. The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) provides the means to support various multimedia services in broadband networks. To support multimedia services, various data traffics of different priorities should be controlled effectively. And also it needs congestion control functions required in the netowrk to carry out the control operation. To accomplish this in a flexible and effective manner, priority classes for the different services ar ecommonly used. The proposed enhanced priority control mechanism have two service calsses of the delay sensitive class and the loss sensitive class. The simulation results show that te proposed control mechanism improves the QoS, the charateristics of cell loss probability and mean cell delay time, by selecting propeor relativ ecell occupancy ratio of buffer and the average arrival rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.51-53
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• 2022

MIV(MPEG Immersive Video)의 시험모델 TMIV 는 다시점의 비디오와 깊이(depth) 비디오를 입력 받아 시점 사이의 중복성을 제거한 후 남은 텍스처(texture)와 깊이로 텍스처 아틀라스(atlas)와 깊이 아틀라스를 각각 생성하고 이를 압축한다. 각 화소별 점유(occupancy) 정보는 깊이 아틀라스에 포함되어 압축되는데 압축 손실로 인한 점유맵 오류를 방지하기 위하여 임계값 T = 64 로 설정한 보호대역을 사용한다. 기존에 설정된 임계값을 낮추어 깊이 동적범위를 확대하면 보다 정확한 깊이값 표현으로 부호화 효율을 개선할 수 있지만 보호대역 축소로 점유맵 오류가 증가한다. 본 논문에서는 TMIV 의 부호화기와 보호화기에 비대칭 임계값을 사용하여 보호대역 축소로 인한 점유맵 오류를 보정하면서 보다 정확한 깊이 값 표현을 통하여 부호화 효율을 개선하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안기법은 깊이 동적범위 확대와 비대칭 임계값 기반의 점유맵 오류 보정을 통하여 CG 시퀀스에서 2.2% BD-rate 이득과 주관적 화질 개선을 보인다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.45-56
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• 2010

This paper reports a new mechanism for congestion controls. The proposed congestion detection algorithm can be provided with delay and unnecessary energy consumption. Conventional congestion control methods decide congestion by queue occupancy or mean packet arrival rate of MAC layer only, however, our method can perform precise detection by considering queue occupancy and mean packet arrival rate. In addition, the congestion avoiding method according to congestion degree and scheduling method using priority for real time packets are proposed. Finally, simulation results show that proposed congestion detection and control methods outperforms conventional scheduling schemes for wireless sensor network.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.10B
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• pp.854-861
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposed the fuzzy control algorithm for efficient buffer control about traffic that is connected in ATM networks. The proposed Fuzzy control algorithm has total traffic arrival ratio, buffer occupancy ratio and Fuzzy set to search for dynamic service rates in server. That is, is based on Fuzzy logic according to the arrival ratio of total traffic and buffer occupancy ratio that is happened and reasoning. Then, made reasoning result control service rates in server about traffic that is connected with defuzzification value. Performance analysis result: it was confirmed that with the proposed scheme, performance improves at cell loss rate, when compared with the existing PBS scheme.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.51-65
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of length of hospital stay (LOS), which is most likely to be a major attribute to hospital performance. From 1984 to 1994, an average LOS of each hospital was analyzed by factors such as medical departments, bed size, occupancy rate, region and ownership. This study was analyzed changing rate of LOS during 11 years. This rate was calculated by simple regression, which was used only with hospital without missing data during 11 years. This study findings are as follows. 1. The results indicated that the average LOS was steadily increased until 1990 but it was slightly decreased after 1990. 2. This trend could be found in all hospital scale and all group of occupancy rate. Specifically this trends of LOS were found in internal medicine, corporate owned hospitals, and hospitals in major city. But LOS of individual owned hospital was continuously increased until 1994. 3. Means of changing rates of LOS were calculated from 1984 to 1994. If we devided it into two parts, before 1990 and after 1990, most changing rates of LOS before 1990 except individual owned hospital were found positive sign. The changing rates after 1990 were negative sign but small hospital(lesser then 200 bed), individual owned hospital, national & public hospital and hospital in small urban have little change of LOS after 1990. Finally from this results we thought that most hospitals in Korea began to be concerned with LOS. Nevertheless LOS of several hospital such as small hospital or individual owned hospital was increased. And this trend may be caused by a few patients, low occupancy rate, or low profit. This trend of LOS is different from that of other countries. Perhaps this phenomenon is resulted from the reimbursement method. Because of fee for service reimbursement system in Korea the hospitals didn't need to shorten LOS in order to save the cost and increase the profit. Therefore reform of hospital cost reimbursement method will be needed to reduce hospital cost in Korea. We thought that the Korean health authority should consider the reimbursement method by unit of bundle of services, for example DRG and prepayment in the United States. This study presents some limitations such as no insight of severity of disease, case-mix measurement of hospital, and other clinical characteristics that can. possibly affect LOS. However, this study reports an important trend in LOS from 1984 to 1994.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2019

In recent years, a non-contact respiration and heart rates monitoring via IR-UWB radar has been paid much attention to in various applications - patient monitoring, occupancy detection, survivor exploring in disaster area, etc. In this paper, we address a novel approach of real time heart rate estimation using IR-UWB radar. We apply sine fitting and peak detection method for estimating respiration rate and heart rate, respectively. We also deploy two techniques to mitigate the error caused by wrong estimation of respiration rate: a moving average filter and finding the frequency of the highest occurrence. Experimental results show that the algorithm can estimate heart rate in real time when respiration rate is presumed to be estimated accurately.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1147-1165
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• 2011

We present a simple and cost effective rate control scheme for streaming video over a wireless channel by using the information of mobile devices' buffer level. To prevent buffer fullness and emptiness at receivers, the server should be able to adjust sending rate according to receivers' buffer status. We propose methods to adjust sending rate based on the buffer level and discrete derivative of the buffer occupancy. To be compatible with existing network protocols, we provide methods to adjust sending rate by changing the inter-packet delay (IPD) at the server side. At every round-trip time, adjustments of sending rate are made in order to achieve responsiveness to sudden changes of buffer availabilities. A series of simulations and the prototype system showed that the proposed methods did not cause buffer overflows and it can maintain smoother rate control and react to bandwidth changes promptly.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5D
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• pp.623-631
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• 2011

In this study, a new method which can detect incidents in interrupted traffic flow was suggested. The applied method of detecting the incident is the Latin Square Analysis Method by using traffic traits. In the Latin Square Analysis, unlike other previously tried methods, the traffic situation was analyzed, this time considering the changes in traffic traits for each lane and for each time period. The data used in this study were the data observed in the actual field with fine weather. The traffic volumes, the vehicle speed and the occupancy rate were collected on the interrupted flow road. The data were collected in normal and incident situations. The incidents occurred on the second lane, the time of persistent incidents was set to 10 minutes. The Latin Square Analyses were performed using the collected data with the traffic volume, with the vehicle speed or with the occupancy rate. As a result in this study, in case of detecting the traffic situations with Latin Square Analysis, it will be more successful to apply traffic volume to detect the traffic situations than to apply other factors.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.102-127
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to analyze a current trend of and relating factors on profitability of the Korean Public Corporation Medical Centers(KPCMCs, hereinafter, hospitals) in Korea. There are 34 hospitals in Korea as of 2004. Among these hospitals some are red ink hospitals, others are black inks in terms of profitability. Data were collected by Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI) Statistics for Hospital Management 2000-2002 and Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) financial data of public hospitals which was planned to coordinate public health care services roadmap in the long run. The samples are 32 hospitals. Profitability was measured in the aspect of profit rate with normal profit to total assets, and normal profit to gross revenues as dependent variables in respective. Independent variables were classified by general factors, i.e., location, intern/resident training, period of opening, number of beds, and managerial factors(current ratio, fixed ratio, liability to total assets, total assets turnover, personnel costs, materials cost, administrative cost), and finally factors related to patient treatment(average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, admission ratio of outpatients). The methods of analysis are correlation and multiple regression analysis. This study shows firstly, a lot of hospitals are optimal current ratio. Hospitals in upper 100% current ratio are 81.2%. And the personnel cost in total costs are high. Secondly, the trend of normal profit to gross revenues of hospitals are deteriorating gradually. And lastly, as a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to total assets are fixed ratio(+), liability to total assets(-), bed occupancy rate(+), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. And the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to gross revenues are current ration(+), fixed ratio(+), personnel cost(-), administrative expenses(-), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. In conclusion, to improve the profitability of hospitals, the efforts to reduce personnel cost and average length of stay might be needed. And also beds utilization rate need to be increased.