• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information regarding the planning of lounge and hallway areas for skilled nursing facilities for the elderly, given that residents spend much of their time in these areas. This study examined Korean elderly residents' occupancy and behavior in lounges and hallways in order to analyze how plan type, spatial composition, and equipment affect residents. To do this, observations were conducted in five facilities that were provided to the elderly at no charge. Results indicate that a central garden offers a wide hallway area that can be used not only for strolling but also for list of activities; at the same time, it can reduce the overall rate of inactivity. A shorter distance between the lounge and hallway on the opposite side is likely to help better disperse residents' throughout the facility. Hallway corners have potential for activities that may require sofas, tables, or equipment for individual activities; they could also be used for planned interaction programs or unplanned collaboration on the part of small groups of residents.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권9A호
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• pp.2249-2257
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose the enhanced priority control algorithm that adaptively controls the cell service ratio according to the relative cell occupancy ratio of buffer. The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) provides the means to support various multimedia services in broadband networks. To support multimedia services, various data traffics of different priorities should be controlled effectively. And also it needs congestion control functions required in the netowrk to carry out the control operation. To accomplish this in a flexible and effective manner, priority classes for the different services ar ecommonly used. The proposed enhanced priority control mechanism have two service calsses of the delay sensitive class and the loss sensitive class. The simulation results show that te proposed control mechanism improves the QoS, the charateristics of cell loss probability and mean cell delay time, by selecting propeor relativ ecell occupancy ratio of buffer and the average arrival rate.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.51-53
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• 2022

MIV(MPEG Immersive Video)의 시험모델 TMIV 는 다시점의 비디오와 깊이(depth) 비디오를 입력 받아 시점 사이의 중복성을 제거한 후 남은 텍스처(texture)와 깊이로 텍스처 아틀라스(atlas)와 깊이 아틀라스를 각각 생성하고 이를 압축한다. 각 화소별 점유(occupancy) 정보는 깊이 아틀라스에 포함되어 압축되는데 압축 손실로 인한 점유맵 오류를 방지하기 위하여 임계값 T = 64 로 설정한 보호대역을 사용한다. 기존에 설정된 임계값을 낮추어 깊이 동적범위를 확대하면 보다 정확한 깊이값 표현으로 부호화 효율을 개선할 수 있지만 보호대역 축소로 점유맵 오류가 증가한다. 본 논문에서는 TMIV 의 부호화기와 보호화기에 비대칭 임계값을 사용하여 보호대역 축소로 인한 점유맵 오류를 보정하면서 보다 정확한 깊이 값 표현을 통하여 부호화 효율을 개선하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안기법은 깊이 동적범위 확대와 비대칭 임계값 기반의 점유맵 오류 보정을 통하여 CG 시퀀스에서 2.2% BD-rate 이득과 주관적 화질 개선을 보인다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 불필요한 에너지 소모와 지연을 야기하는 혼잡을 탐지할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시하고 이에 따라 혼잡 제어를 수행할 수 있는 기법을 제시한다. 기존의 혼잡 탐지는 큐 점유율만을 사용하거나 MAC 계층에서 패킷 도착율만을 가지고 혼잡을 결정하였으나 본 연구에서는 이들 두 가지를 모두 고려하여 더 정밀한 혼잡 탐지를 가능하게 하였다. 또한 혼잡도에 따라 미리 혼잡 회피를 수행하고 혼잡이 발생한 경우 패킷의 우선순위에 따라 지연에 민감한 패킷들을 먼저 스케줄링할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 본 논문에서 제안한 혼잡 탐지와 제어 기법은 기존의 혼잡 제어 방법들에 비해 우수한 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권10B호
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• pp.854-861
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서의 접속된 트래픽에 대해 효율적인 버퍼제어를 위한 퍼지제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 퍼지 제어 알고리즘은 동적 서비스율을 구하기 위해 트래픽의 도착율과 버퍼점유률 그리고 퍼지집합을 사용한다. 즉, 발생된 전체 트래픽의 도착율과 버퍼점유률에 따라 퍼지논리를 기반으로 하여 추론한다. 그 후, 추론 결과로 얻어진 비퍼지화값으로 접속된 트래픽에 대해 서버에서의 서비스율을 제어하도록 하였다. 성능분석 결과 기존의 부분버퍼공유기법과 비교하여 셀손실율을 줄임으로서 그 성능이 향상되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of length of hospital stay (LOS), which is most likely to be a major attribute to hospital performance. From 1984 to 1994, an average LOS of each hospital was analyzed by factors such as medical departments, bed size, occupancy rate, region and ownership. This study was analyzed changing rate of LOS during 11 years. This rate was calculated by simple regression, which was used only with hospital without missing data during 11 years. This study findings are as follows. 1. The results indicated that the average LOS was steadily increased until 1990 but it was slightly decreased after 1990. 2. This trend could be found in all hospital scale and all group of occupancy rate. Specifically this trends of LOS were found in internal medicine, corporate owned hospitals, and hospitals in major city. But LOS of individual owned hospital was continuously increased until 1994. 3. Means of changing rates of LOS were calculated from 1984 to 1994. If we devided it into two parts, before 1990 and after 1990, most changing rates of LOS before 1990 except individual owned hospital were found positive sign. The changing rates after 1990 were negative sign but small hospital(lesser then 200 bed), individual owned hospital, national & public hospital and hospital in small urban have little change of LOS after 1990. Finally from this results we thought that most hospitals in Korea began to be concerned with LOS. Nevertheless LOS of several hospital such as small hospital or individual owned hospital was increased. And this trend may be caused by a few patients, low occupancy rate, or low profit. This trend of LOS is different from that of other countries. Perhaps this phenomenon is resulted from the reimbursement method. Because of fee for service reimbursement system in Korea the hospitals didn't need to shorten LOS in order to save the cost and increase the profit. Therefore reform of hospital cost reimbursement method will be needed to reduce hospital cost in Korea. We thought that the Korean health authority should consider the reimbursement method by unit of bundle of services, for example DRG and prepayment in the United States. This study presents some limitations such as no insight of severity of disease, case-mix measurement of hospital, and other clinical characteristics that can. possibly affect LOS. However, this study reports an important trend in LOS from 1984 to 1994.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2019

In recent years, a non-contact respiration and heart rates monitoring via IR-UWB radar has been paid much attention to in various applications - patient monitoring, occupancy detection, survivor exploring in disaster area, etc. In this paper, we address a novel approach of real time heart rate estimation using IR-UWB radar. We apply sine fitting and peak detection method for estimating respiration rate and heart rate, respectively. We also deploy two techniques to mitigate the error caused by wrong estimation of respiration rate: a moving average filter and finding the frequency of the highest occurrence. Experimental results show that the algorithm can estimate heart rate in real time when respiration rate is presumed to be estimated accurately.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.1147-1165
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• 2011

We present a simple and cost effective rate control scheme for streaming video over a wireless channel by using the information of mobile devices' buffer level. To prevent buffer fullness and emptiness at receivers, the server should be able to adjust sending rate according to receivers' buffer status. We propose methods to adjust sending rate based on the buffer level and discrete derivative of the buffer occupancy. To be compatible with existing network protocols, we provide methods to adjust sending rate by changing the inter-packet delay (IPD) at the server side. At every round-trip time, adjustments of sending rate are made in order to achieve responsiveness to sudden changes of buffer availabilities. A series of simulations and the prototype system showed that the proposed methods did not cause buffer overflows and it can maintain smoother rate control and react to bandwidth changes promptly.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권5D호
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• pp.623-631
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 단속류 도로에서의 유고상황을 감지할 수 있는 새로운 유고감지기법을 제시하였다. 유고감지를 위하여 적용된 방법은 교통특성들을 이용한 라틴방격(Latin Square)분석법이다. 라틴방격분석법을 이용하여 기존 연구사례에서 시도했던 방법과는 다르게 차로별, 시간대별 교통특성의 변화를 분석하여 유고상황을 감지하였다. 사용된 교통특성자료는 맑은 기상상태에서 정상운영시 또는 유고발생시 관측된 교통량, 속도, 점유율 자료이며, 유고시 자료는 2차로에서 10분간 유고가 발생했었던 자료이다. 정상운영시 및 유고발생시에 대한 교통상황을 감지하기 위하여 교통량, 속도 및 점유율 등을 기준으로 각각 라틴방격분석을 시행했다. 분석결과, 라틴방격분석을 이용하여 교통상황을 감지하는 경우, 교통량을 기준으로 교통상황을 감지하는 것이 다른 교통특성을 기준으로 교통상황을 감지하는 것보다 감지능력이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.102-127
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to analyze a current trend of and relating factors on profitability of the Korean Public Corporation Medical Centers(KPCMCs, hereinafter, hospitals) in Korea. There are 34 hospitals in Korea as of 2004. Among these hospitals some are red ink hospitals, others are black inks in terms of profitability. Data were collected by Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI) Statistics for Hospital Management 2000-2002 and Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) financial data of public hospitals which was planned to coordinate public health care services roadmap in the long run. The samples are 32 hospitals. Profitability was measured in the aspect of profit rate with normal profit to total assets, and normal profit to gross revenues as dependent variables in respective. Independent variables were classified by general factors, i.e., location, intern/resident training, period of opening, number of beds, and managerial factors(current ratio, fixed ratio, liability to total assets, total assets turnover, personnel costs, materials cost, administrative cost), and finally factors related to patient treatment(average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, admission ratio of outpatients). The methods of analysis are correlation and multiple regression analysis. This study shows firstly, a lot of hospitals are optimal current ratio. Hospitals in upper 100% current ratio are 81.2%. And the personnel cost in total costs are high. Secondly, the trend of normal profit to gross revenues of hospitals are deteriorating gradually. And lastly, as a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to total assets are fixed ratio(+), liability to total assets(-), bed occupancy rate(+), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. And the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to gross revenues are current ration(+), fixed ratio(+), personnel cost(-), administrative expenses(-), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. In conclusion, to improve the profitability of hospitals, the efforts to reduce personnel cost and average length of stay might be needed. And also beds utilization rate need to be increased.