• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.871-880
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 치열심미지수(DAI)의 10가지 교합적 요소와 악안면 형태와의 상호관계를 단변수와 다변수 통계처리 기법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 자료는 교정치료를 위해 내원한 영구치열을 가진 182명(남자 79명, 여자 103명)의 치료전 연구모형과 측모 두부규격방사선 사진으로부터 얻었다. 악안면 형태를 분석하기 위해서 DiPaolo의 사변형 분석 방법을 이용하였으며 치열심미지수의 10가지 교합적 요소는 Jenny, Cons 등에 의해 발표된 진단기준에 따라 각 항목을 측정하여 기록하였다. 또한 안모의 심미관계도 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치열심미지수의 구성요소중 결손치수, 절치부 총생도, 절치부 공극도, 정중이개량, 상악전치부 최대 변이량등 대부분의 구성요소가 악안면 형태와 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 2. 치열심지지수의 구성요소중 상악전치부 수평피개량, 하악전치부 수평피개량, 전 후방 구치관계 등은 시상면적 악골관계를 나타내는 골격요소인 MdBL/MxDL, MdLL/MxLL, MdSL/MxSL들과 상관관계를 보였다. 3. 치열심미지수의 구성요소중 전치부 수직 개방교합량은 수직적 악골관계를 나타내는 ALFM/AUFH, MPA, SA등과 미약한 상관관계를 보였다. 4. 교합의 여러 측면을 기초로 한 치열심미지수는 악안면 형태와 무관하였다. 5. 교정치료 필요 유무의 선별 및 부정교합의 심도에 관한 포괄적인 평가에는 어느 특정 지수에 의존하기보다는 교합적 요소와 악안면 골격적 요소 모두에 기초를 두어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2011

본 연구는 교합 상태를 객관적이고 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 개발된 American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS)을 이용하여 교정치료 후 나타나는 재발 경향을 평가하고 이에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요소들과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 부산대학교, 경희대학교와 단국대학교 치과병원 교정과에서 포괄적 교정치료를 받은 환자 중 치료종료 후 2년 이상의 유지기간을 갖는 80명의 환자를 대상으로 초진 시(T1)의 peer assessment rating (PAR) index, 치료 후(T2)와 유지 후(T3) 시기의 ABO-OGS를 측정하여 T2와 T3 간의 변화 양상을 각 항목별로 측정하였고, 나이, 성별, Angle 분류, 발치 여부, 유지기간, 초진 시의 상태와의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해 다중 회귀분석을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. T2 시기와 비교하여 T3 시기에 ABO-OGS의 7개 항목 중 치아 배열(alignment)은 악화되었으며, 교합 접촉(occlusal contact)과 치간 접촉(interproximal contact)은 개선되었고, 나머지 4개의 항목에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 다중 회귀분석을 시행한 결과, 유의한 회귀모형은 치아 배열(alignment), 교합 관계(occlusal relationship), 수평피개(overjet), 치간 접촉(interproximal contact) 항목이었으나, 회귀 모형들의 설명력이 낮았으며, 연령, 성별, Angle 분류, 발치 여부, 유지기간, 초진시의 상태(initial PAR index, T1)는 T2 시기와 T3 시기의 ABO-OGS 변화량을 설명하는 데 큰 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 보인다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.121-140
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• 1991

Fifteen dental college students of Chosun University without the abnormal occlusion, the history and symptom of temporomandibular dysfunction(TMD), and who had all permanent teeth except third molar and the fifteen moderate group and the fifteen severe group classified according to Helkimo's dysfunction index among patients on the basis of the symptom of TMD were selected. The occlusal contact, occlusal force and occlusal interference in eccentric movement was studied and analyzed using T-Scan system. The result were as follows : 1. The TLR centering around midsagittal axis was located at $1.42{\pm}0.82mm$ in control group, $3.36{\pm}1.45mm$ in severe group, and as TMD was heavier, occlusal contact was located at the farther point from midsagittal axis. 2. The PLR from the first contact to the fifth contact centering around midsagittal axis was located at $1.73{\pm}1.78mm$ in control group, $3.36{\pm}1.41mm$ in moderate group, and $5.39{\pm}4.32mm$ in severe group, and as TMD was heavier, occlusal contact was located at the farther point from midsgittal axis. 3. The TFB, PFB, RFB and LFB of occlusal contact centering around incisal axis had no significant difference statistically among control group, moderate group, and severe group, and it was located at first molar. 4.The LF and RF was smaller in TMD group than in control group. 5. The LR moment of occlusal force centering around midsagittal axis was located at $178.51{\pm}139.81N.mm$ in control group, $466.25{\pm}296.47N.mm$ in moderate group, and $749.18{\pm}588.18N.mm$ in severe group. And as TMD was heavier, it was located at the farther point from midsagittal axis. 6. The RL and LL of occlusal force centering around incisal axis had not-significance statistically among control group, moderate group, and severe group, and it was at the first molar. 7. The number of occlusal interference of the eccentric movement was increased in the patients of TMD.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1986

A study of occlusal relationship and TMJ dysfunction, parafunctional relationship and TMJ dysfunction using PRI was investigated in 23 dental students without history of being treated, ranging from 19 to 24 years old. The author used Denar Pantronic and D5-A articulator to study above. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Distribution of PRI in experimental subjects was as follows. None 13%, Slight 43%, Moderate 40%, Severe 4% Prevalance of TMJ Dysfunction was 87% 2. PRI scores of occlusal group Aoi (less than 5 in Helkimo occlusion/articulation index) was $11.72\pm2.32$ , those of occlusal group Boi (more than 5 in Helkimo occlusion/articulation index) 23.0 $\pm$ 8.06. There was a significant difference between group Aoi and group Boi(P<0.01) 3. PRI scores of occlusal group Ald (no eccentric interference, less than 0.5mm in lateral shift of slide in centric) was 12.0 $\pm$ 2.49, those of occlusal group Bld(no eccentric interference, less than 0.5mm in lateral shift of slide in centric) 24.5$\pm$5.33 There was a significant difference between group Ald and group Bld(P<0.05) 4. Prevalance of parafunction subjects(%) was 65.2%. 5. PRI scores of parafunction group was 21.6 $\pm$ 9.48, those of nonparafunctional group 18.7 $\pm$ 9.06. There was not significant difference between parafunctional group and nonparafunctional group(P>0.1)

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2017

PURPOSE. Patient-reported outcomes are increasingly commonly used as a method of evaluating treatments. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate implant treatment from the perspective of patient-reported outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Subjects were 804 patients who visited the Department of Oral Implantology at Osaka Dental University. The participants were categorized into a pre-implant group and a post-implant group. They were further categorized into five subgroups based on the number of occlusal supports provided by the remaining teeth according to the Eichner classification. The participants answered a basic questionnaire and the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire, an oral health-related quality of life (QOL) scale. GOHAI scores were compared according to the number of occlusal supports within each group and between the two groups. RESULTS. The results revealed a significant difference in terms of the number of occlusal supports within the pre-implant group; GOHAI scores decreased as the number of occlusal supports decreased (P<.001). However, no significant difference was observed in GOHAI scores in terms of the number of occlusal supports in the post-implant group (P>.05). GOHAI scores significantly improved in both pre- and post-implant groups in all occlusal support subgroups (P<.001). CONCLUSION. GOHAI scores decrease as occlusal support is lost. However, implant treatment performed in areas of loss improves the GOHAI score when occlusal support is restored.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1991

In order to evaluate muscular activity patterns of masticatory muscles and asymmetry patterns of muscular activity according to the levels of occlusal force, twenty-one individuals of age ranged from 23 to 27 years were examined. They were selected according to the following criteria : 1) no symptoms of temporomandibular disorder, 2) complete dentition except third molars, 3) normal or Angle's class I molar relationship and 4) no experience of dental treatment. The electromyographic amplitudes was measured for evaluation of muscular activity and asymmetric patterns of masseter and anterior temporal muscle during unilateral clenching at the levels of 10%, 20%, 40% and 50% of the maximum occlusal force by use of electromyogram and bite force meter. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The muscle activity indices of masticatory muscles of clenching side at the clenching levels of 10%, 20% and 30% of the maximum occlusal force were -19.12, -9.87, -0.49%, so that activity of anterior temporal muscle was dominant than that of masseter muscle. At the levels of 40%, 50% of the maximum occlusal force, muscle activity indices were 4.68%, 6.70%, so that activity of masseter was dominant at all level and as the levels of occlusal force was increased, muscular activity index was tend to decrease. 2. In masseter, asymmetry indices of muscular activity at the levels of 10%, 20% of maximum occlusal force were -10.34 and -1.24%, so that muscular activity of non-clenching side were dominant and at the levels of 30%, 40% and 50% each of maximum occlusal force, muscular activity was dominant on clenching side as 4.68, 7.18 and 10.9%. In anterior temporal muscle, asymmetry indices were 33.38%, 25.46, 2095, 10.23 and 15.45% at the levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% each of maximum occlusal force, so that activity of clenching 15.45% at the levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% each of maximum occlusal force, so that activity of clenching side was dominant than that of non-clenching side at all levels, but as the levels of occlusal force was increased, asymmetry indices of muscular activity was tend to decrease. 3. Between both sides, average electromyographic amplitudes of masseter and anterior temporal muscle were correlated, so that as the levels of occlusal force was increased, average electromyographic amplitudes of both side in same muscle were increased proportionally. But asymmetry indices between muscular activities of masseter and anterior temporal muscle were not correlated.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Forward Head Posture(FHP) and Craniomandlbular Disorders(CMDs). Many studies reported that there was some relationship between them, however, there is still controversy. So It Is necessary to observe and compare many more patients with CMDs wirh normal controls. For the study 85 patients with CMDs and 37 dental students were selected as experimentals and controls, respectively. And the experimentals were classified Into two groups, that is, TMJ internal derangement group and muscle disorders group according to clinical diagnosis. For measuring the FHP, CROM(Cervical-Range-of-Notion)was used. This goniometer is composed of three part. First, gravity goniometer for flexion and extension. Second, magnetic compass and yoke for rotational movement. And last, forward head arm and vertebra locator for forward head posture. Next T-Scan, electronic occlusal analyzer, was used for recording of occlusal contact state. Other items such as maximum opening, lateral excursion, Helkimo's anamnestic index, and muscle palpation point from Friction's craniomandibular index were checked clinically by one examiner. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In male, control group showed much more measurement in resting forward head posture than did experimental group. But there were not significant differences between groups in female subject. From this results, the author contended that CROM is new measuring system and differ from other goniometers in some aspect, so that results should be re-evaluated 2. Mean value of maximum mouth opening in nearly all groups were greater than 40mm. and mouth opening had a significant correlation with occlusal force and with anamnestic index both sex. 3. Mean value of palpation point had not any correlationship with forward head posture in both sex, but there was significant difference between upper and lower group by rounded shouldes. 4. In summary, there was no significant relationship between forward head posture and sign and symptom of Craniomandibular Disorders.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To assess function by identifying changes in swallowing and masticatory performance in maxillary obturator prosthesis wearers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty subjects were recruited for the study, of which 20 were obturator wearers, 20 were completely dentulous and 20 had removable partial/complete dentures with similar Eichner's Index. Swallowing ability was evaluated with and without obturator using the "Water Drinking Test"; Masticatory performance was evaluated with the Sieve test; and maximum occlusal force was recorded with the help of a digital bite sensor. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 15.0 with a confidence level at 95%. RESULTS. Profile, behavior of drinking and time taken to drink were significantly improved (P<.001) in subjects after wearing obturator. Masticatory performance was not significantly different (P=.252) in obturator wearer when compared with dentulous or removable partial/complete denture wearer, but significantly (P<.001) high inter group difference in maximum occlusal force existed. Correlation between masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force was not significant (P=.124). CONCLUSION. Swallowing ability was significantly improved after wearing obturator but masticatory performance was not significantly different from those having similar occlusal support zone in their dentition.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2005

Temporomandibular disorders have been defined as a collective term embracing a number of clinical problems that involve the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory nuscles, and associated structures. There have been many different contributing factors of TMDs which were traumatic, occlusal, pathophysiological and psychosocial. Among there factors, the effect of occlusion on TMDs have been a controversy for a long time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of occlusal factors and oral habits on TMDs. In this study, 140 subjects with signs and symptoms of TMDs and diagnosed of TMD in the Orofacial Pain clinic of Yonsei University Dental Hospital though March to July 2004 were selected for the TMDs group and 50 subjects without any signs and symptoms of TMDs as the control group. The subjects were evaluated clinically in TMDs' Occlusal and Prosthodontic Restoration examinations. TMDs' examination was composed of the TMJ pain, sound, locking, temporal or masseter muscle palpation, mandibular movement, oral habits and headache. Occlusal examination was made of overjet, overbite, lost teeth number, nonfunctional interference, midline shift, then pattern of lateral movement and attrition. prosthodontic restoration examination had the existence of restoration, placement, then number of crown or bridge and Satisfiable index which estimated the quality of occlusal state of prosthodontic restorations. Following results were obtained : 1. The prevalence of TMDs was higher in their 20s & 30s, female of the TMD patients group. 2. The clenching frequency in the TMDs group(40.71%) was higher than those in the control group(18.00%), and there was a significant statistical difference(p<0.05). 3. The frequency of Nonfunctional interference in the TMDs group(10.00%) was higher than those in then Control group(2.00%), and there was a significant statistical difference(p<0.05). The result of this study indicated TMDs prevalence was higher in their 20s, 30s, female group of TMDs patients similar to the previous studies. Clenching and nonfunctional interference were estimated as the contributing factors of TMDs.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in masticatory efficiency among patients with different Angle's classes of malocclusion and to assess the correlation between masticatory efficiency and the occlusal contact area. Methods: The mixing ability index (MAI) was calculated for measuring masticatory efficiency of 61 adult patients according to Angle's classifications of malocclusion. The study included 25, 15, and 21 patients with Angle's Class I, II, and III malocclusions, respectively. Silicone interocclusal recording material was used to measure the occlusal contact area. Results: Both the MAI and occlusal contact area showed the highest average values in the Class I malocclusion group, followed by the Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. No significant difference was observed in the MAI values between the Class I and Class II malocclusion groups (p > 0.05), whereas a significant difference was observed between the Class I and Class III malocclusion groups (p < 0.01) and between the Class II and Class III malocclusion groups (p < 0.05). A weak positive correlation was also observed between the MAI and occlusal contact area (p < 0.01, $r^2=0.13$). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that masticatory efficiency was the highest in patients with Angle's Class I malocclusion, followed by those with Angle's Class II and Angle's Class III malocclusions. Moreover, a weak positive correlation was observed between masticatory efficiency and the occlusal contact area.