• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.498-510
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum occlusal force implant prostheses to natural teeth. Material and Method: Fifty nine patients treated either with $Br{\aa}anemark$ implants and ITI implants during the recent ten years were involved in this study. The maximum occlusal force were measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system. Results: 1. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses and natural teeth were not significantly different where measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system. 2. The maximum occlusal forces were not significantly different between $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant and ITI implant prostheses. 3. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses had lower when compared with natural teeth during 1-6 months functional periods when measured with the unilareral bite force recorder(P<0.05) and 1-12 months functional periods when measured with the dental prescale system(P<0.05). After these periods there was not statistical significant difference between the implant prostheses and natural teeth. 4. The maximum occlusal forces of the wide diameter implant prostheses were higher than the maximum occlusal forces of the regular diameter implant prostheses when measured with dental prescale system(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the wide diameter and the regular diameter implant prostheses when measured with unilateral bite force recorder. 5. The maximum occlusal forces of the single implant prostheses were not significantly different with the splinting implants prostheses. 6. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses were not significantly different by age and sex. 7. There was significantly different between maximum occlusal forces measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system(P<0.0001) but there was positive correlation(r=0.52. P<0.05). Conclusion: The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses were not significantly different to natural teeth during clenching and unilateral maximum biting.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2022

목적: 수면이갈이 환자에서 한달 간 수면 시 교합안정장치를 장착하였을 때 교합력과 교합 접촉 면적 및 동기능적교합분석의 변화량을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 2021년 10월부터 2022년 7월까지 연세대학교 치과대학병원 구강내과 외래에 방문한 수면이갈이 환자 30명 중 교합안정장치를 수면 중 착용하는 실험군(treatment; n = 15)과 교합안정장치를 착용하지 않는 대조군(control; n = 15)으로 구성하였다. 교합안정장치 장착 전, 장착 1개월 후에 교합력 검사와 동기능적교합분석(측방, 전후방 하악 운동 시 좌/우 힘의 균형, 평균 교합력, 최대 교합력, 최대 접촉 개수)을 진행하였다. 결과: 한달 간 수면 중 교합안정장치를 착용하는 실험군과 교합안정장치를 착용하지 않는 대조군에서 교합력과 교합 접촉 면적은 차이가 없었으나 측방 및 전후방 운동에서 평균 교합력과 최대 교합력, 전후방 운동에서 최대 접촉 개수가 유의한 차이가 있었음을 관찰하였다. 결론: 교합안정장치가 측방, 전후방 운동을 하는 이갈이 환자에게 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며, 향후 추가적으로 대단위 집단을 대상으로 하는 이중 맹검연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2013

The case report describes the occlusal rehabilitation of a male patient with Angle Class III malocclusion and its effect on maximum bite force. The main complaints of patient were masticatory difficulty and poor esthetic. The patient's expectations from the treatment were a good esthetic and function with a less invasive and relatively promptly way. Therefore, increasing of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) and then restoring the maxillary and mandibular teeth was chosen by the patient among the treatment options. At the beginning of treatment maximum bite force of patient was measured. Then an occlusal splint was provided to evaluate the adaptation of the patient to the altered OVD. Full mouth rehabilitation with metal ceramic restorations was made. After the completion of full mouth restoration, bite force measurement was repeated and patient exhibited increased maximum bite force. Full mouth restorative treatment in a patient with Class III malocclusion could be an effective treatment approach to resolve esthetic concern and to improve masticatory function related to maximum bite force.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

Purpose: This study is for the prosthesis of dog. Observed the occlusal relation between the small dog canine and carnassial teeth. The direction of the bite force was analyzed by 3D FEM(finite element method). Methods: The mandibular canine and carnassial of dog were tested. The skull of dog was contact point confirmed by dental CAD. The skull of dog was scaned using CT and a 3D model was created. The 3D model was analyzed ABAQUS. Closing movement has been 100N, 200N, 300N, 500N, 1000N, 1500N. The Direction of bite force was confirmed. Results: As occlusal force increased, the direction of bite force appeared to (-y), (-x,-y,-z), (-x,-y), (-x,-y,+z), (-x,-y,+ z), (+x,-y) in mandibular left canine. And the direction was seen at (+x, -y), (+x,-y,-z), (+x,-y), (-x,-y,+z), (-x,-y,+z), (+x,-y). When the occlusal load is 100 N, 200 N, 300 N, 500 N, the direction of the mandibular carnassial appears as (-x, -y, -z), and when the occlusal load is 1000 N, 1500 N, the direction appears as (-x,-y). Conclusion: The mandibular canine showed irregularities in the coordinates of the direction of the bite force, and the mandibular carnassial showed regularity in the coordinates of the direction of the bite force.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.185-195
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to grope the correlation of the maximal bite force and tooth-craniofacial structure. The maximal bite force of 76 adult male, aged 18-28 (mean aged: $23.4{\pm}2.2$) years, was estimated and cephalometric headplates were measured, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. 59.61kg of bite force in first molar, 45.38kg in premolar and 17.10kg in central incisor were arranged. 2. The bite force was negatively correlated to genial angle, mandibular plane angle, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane, and positively correlated to posterior height of face, length of mandibular body, length of ramus, facial depth in craniofacial structure. 3. The group with strong bite force showed small genial angle, mandibular plane angle, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane, and long posterior height of face, length of mandibular body, length of ramus, facial depth. So they manifested the tendency to brachycephalic pattern, on the other hand, the group with weak bite force manifested the tendency to dolichocephalic pattern. 4. There is no correlationships between bite force and mesial inclination of premolar axis in this subject. 5. It is considered bite force have an effect upon craniofacial pattern, especially upon the lower face.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.327-339
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of orthognathic surgery on occlusal force. The maximum bite force was measured in 26 dentofacial deformity patients, aged 14-26(mean age 20.3) years, before surgery and at IMF removal, 3, 6, and 12months postsurgery. To grope the correlation of bite force and skeletal change after orthognathic surgery, the cephalometric headplates were measured, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. The presurgical maximum bite force was 13.7kg in upper first molar(rt. Side 12.7kg, it. Side 14.6kg). There was remarkable difference with that of normal occlusion. 2. The recovery of bite force was very significant in according to the operation method and the duration of IMF that was 7.6kg at IMF removal, 14.2kg at 3 months, 19.7kg at 6 months. 26.1kg at 12 months postsurgery. 3. To fasten the recovery and to increase the bite force after orthognathic surgery, the long IMF time and the injury to the masticatory muscle should be avoided by the internal rigid fixation and early physical exercise. 4. The bite force was positively correlated to the changes of mandibular plane angle, the angle between platatal plane and mandibular plan, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, and negatively correlated to the changes of mandibular body length in craniofacial structure. 5. There was no correlationship between bit force and mesial inclination of tooth long axis of first molar in this subject. 6. There was no correlation between the changes of bite force and the changes of mechanical advantage of the temporal and masseter muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the volume of pre- and post operative masseter muscle and bite force in mandibular prognathic patients treated with SSRO with the use of the 3D CT imaging technique and occlusal force meter. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 12 patients with mandibular prognathism (5 males and 7 females) who underwent mandibular setback surgery (BSSRO) in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Samsung medical center. Bite force was measured at pre op, post op 3, 6 and 12 months by occlusal force meter(GM10, Nagano Keiki, Japan) The preoperative CT examination of subjects was performed between one month prior to operation and one year after to operation. And muscle volume was measured. Result: As compared to preoperative measurements at 1 year postoperatively the masseter & internal pterygoid muscle volume were diminished (p<0.05) The bite force steadily recovered, so at postoperatively 6 months reached the preoperative level. And at 1 year after operation, the maximum bite force was significantly greater than preoperative levels. No significant correlation was presented between masseter muscle and bite force (p>0.05), internal pterygoid muscle and bite force (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the results showed that volume and bite force of the masticatory muscles decreased significantly immediate after orthognathic surgery for mandibular set-back. However, reduction of maximum bite force disappears within 6 months after surgery.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2000

본 연구는 조선대학교 치과대학 부속치과병원 교정과에 내원한 환자 중 악태모형을 제작하고 CPI (condylar position indicator) 에 의한 하악과두의 위치를 평가하여 중심위 -중심교합 편위양이 전후방 및 수직적으로 1.0 mm 이내, 측방으로 0.3 mm 이내인 정상 범주를 벗어나는 성인 여자 환자 16명을 대상으로 교합안정장치를 3개월간 장착하고, 이들을 장착 기간에 따라 장착 직전, 장착 1개월 후, 장착 2개월 후, 장착 3개월 후로 분류하여 교합안정장치의 장착에 따른 교합력과 교합접촉점 수의 변화 여부를 평가하기 위해 T-scan system을 이용하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 교합력의 변화는 교합안정장치 장착 직전에서 장착 1개월 후 사이에 유의성 있게 감소되었다 (P<0.05). 2. 교합력의 변화는 교합안정장치 장착 1개월 후부터 장착 3개월 후 까지는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 3. 전치부 교합접촉점 수의 변화는 장착기간에 관계없이 유의성있는 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 4. 구치부 교합접촉점 수의 변화는 교합안정장치 장착 직전에서 장착 1개월 후 사이에 유의성 있게 감소되었다 (P<0.05). 5. 구치부 교합접촉점 수의 변화는 교합안정장치 장착 1개월 후부터 장착 3개월 후 까지는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 6. 교합접촉점 수의 변화는 전치부에서 보다는 구치부에서 절대적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 이상을 종합해볼 때, 교합안정장치는 장착 1개월 후면 어느정도 중심위로의 하악골 안정을 기대할 수 있을것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2006

측두하악관절 내장증, 그 중에서도 정복성 관절원판 변위(Disc displacement with reduction; DDwR)는 가장 흔하게 발생하는 측두하악관절 질환으로, 저작 능력에 다양한 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되어져 왔다. 저작 능력을 평가하는 객관적이고 가시적인 수단으로 최대 교합력의 측정이 널리 통용되어져 왔는데, 과거 많은 연구자들이 측두하악장애(TMD)와 교합력의 관계에 대한 연구를 시도하였으나, 피험자의 개인적 특성이나 측정 방법의 차이 등으로 인하여 통일성 있는 결과를 얻지 못하고 있으며, 측두하악장애로 인한 통증이 교합력 및 저작능력을 감소시킨다고 보고된 바 있으나 측두하악관절의 구조적 변화와 저작능력의 관계에 대한 연구는 아직 충분히 이루어져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 측두하악관절의 구조적 변화와 저작 능력의 관계를 파악해 보고자 개구시 무통성의 관절음을 보이는 환자 39명 및 대조군 59명을 대상으로 최대 교합력, 교합 접촉 면적 및 교합압을 감압필름법(pressure sensitivie film)을 이용하여 분석, 평가한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정복성 관절원판 변위 환자군이 대조군보다 높은 최대 교합력(P < 0.01) 및 넓은 교합 접촉 면적(P < 0.05)을 나타내었다. 2. 단위 면적당 평균 교합압은 대조군과 정복성 관절원판 변위 환자군 간에 있어서 유의성있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(P > 0.05). 3. 남녀간의 차이에 있어서, 정복성 관절원판 환자군과 대조군 모두에서 남성이 여성보다 높은 교합압을 나타내었으나(P < 0.05), 평균 교합압과 교합 접촉 면적은 유의성있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(P > 0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 얻을 수 있는 결론은 측두하악관절의 정복성 관절원판 변위가 교합 기능을 변화시키는 한 요소로서 작용할 수 있다는 점이다. 향후의 연구에 있어서 근전도 등을 이용한 저작근 활성도 측정을 병행함이 유용할 것으로 사료되며, 교합력에 영향을 미치는 다른 요소가 통제된 보다 대규모 환자집단에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

The author studied masticatory muscle activity and bite force in normal persons without Temporomandibular Disorders(TMD) signs and symptoms, The number of subjects was 15, and the age of them was from 22 to 25 years. Electromyography was used to record the muscle activity in tapping and clenching movement with or without occlusal splint. 3 splints were made from 3 different mandibular position, that if, centric occlusion position, Rocabado's mandibular rest position, Dawson's centric relation position. The thickness of splint was 3.0-3.5㎜ at molar region. The muscle examined were Masseter and Anterior Temporalis attached with surface electrodes and the device used to measure the EMG level was Bioelectric processor Model EM2. After recording the EMG, the author measured the bite force level in clenching movement with bite force meter Model MPM-3000 in the dame position used in the EMG experiment. The obtained results were as follow : 1. With occlusal splints insetion, the amount of decreased muscle activity in Anterior Temporalis was more than those in Masseter. 2. In the three maxillomandibular relationships with occlusal splints, Masseter showed slightly increased level of muscle in centric occlusion but Ant. Temporalis showed decreased level of muscle activity reversely in that position. 3. Muscle activities between Rocabado's rest position and Dawson's centric relation position were generally similar whatever the muscles or the movements the author examined. 4. Bite force in clenching movement increased with splints insertion, especially with the splint registered in centric occlusion position.