• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2004

This paper describes the digital back-end system for getting the data to analyze the user observation mode by digitalize the analog data after receiving the space radio using the radio telescope, The received analog data will be digitalized by high-speed sampler with 1 Gsps for 4 channel frequency band of millimeter wave, and the digital data will be transported through the fiber-optic digital transmission system and WDM(wavelength division multiplex) to observation building, The wideband digital FIR(Finite Impulse Response) filters analyze the data for user observation mode to record the data in high-speed recorder with 1 Gbps. In this paper, we introduce the overall system configuration and features combined by various information and communication technology in radio astronomy briefly, which will be adopted by KVN(Korean VLBI Network).

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.330-335
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• 2003

This paper deals with the network interface of research and observation instruments in the oceanographic research vessel with an establishment of related database for measured information. The system is implemented to integrated communication network system which allows to effective survey by using real time observation and GUI(Graphic User Interface). The system also consists of the LAN systems and serial interface to link chemical, physical, biological and environmental relations. And, other network service and vessel data service for data communication between vessel and earth station such as INMARSAT-B, WWW service, BBS, E-Mail etc., are needed for integrated communication network system.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.3-17
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• 2004

Space-borne Earth observation technique is one of the most cost effective and rapidly advancing Earth science research tools today and the potential field and micro-wave radar applications have been leading the discipline. The traditional optical imaging systems including the well known Landsat, NOAA - AVHRR, SPOT, and IKONOS have steadily improved spatial imaging resolution but increasing cloud covers have the major deterrent. The new Earth observation satellites ENVISAT (launched on March 1 2002, specifically for Earth environment observation), ALOS (planned for launching in 2004 - 2005 period and ALOS stands for Advanced Land Observation Satellite), and RADARSAT-II (planned for launching in 2005) all have synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard, which all have partial or fully polarimetric imaging capabilities. These new types of polarimetric imaging radars with repeat orbit interferometric capabilities are opening up completely new possibilities in Earth system science research, in addition to the radar altimeter and scatterometer. The main advantage of a SAR system is the all weather imaging capability without Sun light and the newly developed interferometric capabilities, utilizing the phase information in SAR data further extends the observation capabilities of directional surface covers and neotectonic surface displacements. In addition, if one can utilize the newly available multiple frequency polarimetric information, the new generation of space-borne SAR systems is the future research tool for Earth observation and global environmental change monitoring. The potential field strength decreases as a function of the inverse square of the distance between the source and the observation point and geophysicists have traditionally been reluctant to make the potential field observation from any space-borne platforms. However, there have recently been a number of potential field missions such as ASTRID-2, Orsted, CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE. Of course these satellite sensors are most effective for low spatial resolution applications. For similar objects, AMPERE and NPOESS are being planned by the United States and France. The Earth science disciplines which utilize space-borne platforms most are the astronomy and atmospheric science. However in this talk we will focus our discussion on the solid Earth and physical oceanographic applications. The geodynamic applications actively being investigated from various space-borne platforms geological mapping, earthquake and volcano .elated tectonic deformation, generation of p.ecise digital elevation model (DEM), development of multi-temporal differential cross-track SAR interferometry, sea surface wind measurement, tidal flat geomorphology, sea surface wave dynamics, internal waves and high latitude cryogenics including sea ice problems.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.453-470
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• 2013

As a part of the KIAPS Observation Processing System (KOPS), we have developed the modules of satellite radiance data pre-processing and quality control, which include observation operators to interpolate model state variables into radiances in observation space. AMSU-A (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A) level-1d radiance data have been extracted using the BUFR (Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data) decoder and a first guess has been calculated with RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) version 10.2. For initial quality checks, the pixels contaminated by large amounts of cloud liquid water, heavy precipitation, and sea ice have been removed. Channels for assimilation, rejection, or monitoring have been respectively selected for different surface types since the errors from the skin temperature are caused by inaccurate surface emissivity. Correcting the bias caused by errors in the instruments and radiative transfer model is crucial in radiance data pre-processing. We have developed bias correction modules in two steps based on 30-day innovation statistics (observed radiance minus background; O-B). The scan bias correction has been calculated individually for each channel, satellite, and scan position. Then a multiple linear regression of the scan-bias-corrected innovations with several predictors has been employed to correct the airmass bias.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

We provide a detailed description of the installation and operation of a remote spectroscopic meteor observation system at Unjangsan optical astronomy observatory. Three light-sensitive charge-coupled device cameras were installed, and two cameras had a diffraction grating attached to the front of the lens. Station employ sensitive "Watec-902H2" cameras in combination with f/1.2 lenses were installed in November 2019. Diffraction gratings for spectral observations were used at 500 l/mm. Observations were conducted from November 2019 to June 2020. We employed the SonotaCo UFO software suite for meteor detection. Subsequently, meteor spectra were analyzed using field-tested RSpec software. To analyze the observation images, astronomical calibration and photometric calibration were performed, and the chemical elements of the meteor were determined. The study results are presented along with the system setup installation and operation experience. Brief information regarding the origin of the meteor was also provided based on the results.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2020

The Early Warning System for agrometeorological hazard of the Rural Development Administration (Korea) forecasts detailed weather for each farm based on the meteorological information provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration, and estimates the growth of crops and predicts a meteorological hazard that can occur during the growing period by using the estimated detailed meteorological information. For verification of early warning system, automated weather observation network was constructed in the study area. Moreover, a real-time web display system was built to deliver near real-time weather data collected from the observation network. The meteorological observation system collected diverse meteorological variables including temperature, humidity, solar radiation, rainfall, soil moisture, sunshine duration, wind velocity, and wind direction. These elements were collected every minute and transmitted to the server every ten minutes. The data display system is composed of three phases: the first phase builds a database of meteorological data collected from the meteorological observation system every minute; the second phase statistically analyzes the collected meteorological data at ten-minutes, one-hour, or one-day time step; and the third phase displays the collected and analyzed meteorological data on the web. The meteorological data collected in the database can be inquired through the webpage for all data points or one data point in the unit of one minute, ten minutes, one hour, or one day. Moreover, the data can be downloaded in CSV format.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.19-45
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse the effects of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV-pure melittin, the major component of honey bee venom) on the central nervous system in rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical studies authorized institution, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Male rats of 5 weeks old were chosen for this study and after confirming condition of rats was stable, Sweet BV was administered in thigh muscle of rats. And checked the effects of Sweet BV on the central nervous system using the functional observational battery (FOB), which is a neuro-toxicity screening assay composed of 30 descriptive, scalar, binary, and continuous endpoints. And home cage observations, home cage removal and handling, open field activity, sensorimotor reflex test/physiological measurements were conducted. Results: 1. In the home cage observation, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 2. In the observation of open field activity, the reduction of number of unit areas crossed and rearing count was observed caused by Sweet BV treatment. 3. In the observation of handling reactivity, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 4. In the observation of sensorimotor reflex tests/physiological measurements, there was not observed any neurotoxic signs in rats. 5. In the measurement of rectal temperature, treatment of Sweet BV did not showed great influences in the body temperature of rats. Conclusions: Above findings suggest that Sweet BV is relatively safe treatment in the central nervous system. But in the using of over dose, Sweet BV may the cause of local pain and disturbance of movement. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1826-1834
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• 2021

In this paper, we check the possibility of continuous tracking when photographing unknown space objects in a short period of time in an optical observation system on the ground. Simulated observation data were generated for target limited to low-orbit areas. The performance index of the prediction error was set in consideration of the property of targets. Kalman Filter was applied to predict the next location of the target. A constant velocity/acceleration dynamic model was applied to the two axes of the azimuth/elevation of the unknown space object respectively. As a result of performing the Monte Carlo simulation, the maximum error ratio of the maximum nonlinear section was less than 2%, which could be determined to ensure continuous tracking. The CA model had little change in the prediction error value for each case, making it more suitable for tracking unknown space objects. This analysis could provide a foundation for determining the orbit of unknown space objects using optical observation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.334-334
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• 2022

Improvement of old-fashioned rain gauge systems for automatic, timely, continuous, and accurate precipitation observation is highly essential for weather/climate prediction and natural hazards early warning, since the occurrence frequency and intensity of heavy and extreme precipitation events (especially floods) are recently getting more increase and severe worldwide due to climate change. Although rain gauge accuracy of 0.1 mm is recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the traditional rain gauges in both weighting and tipping bucket types are often unable to meet that demand due to several existing technical limitations together with higher production and maintenance costs. Therefore, we aim to introduce a newly developed and cost-effective hybrid rain gauge system at 0.1 mm accuracy that combines advantages of weighting and tipping bucket types for continuous, automatic, and accurate precipitation observation, where the errors from long-term load cells and external environmental sources (e.g., winds) can be removed via an automatic drainage system and artificial intelligence-based data quality control procedure. Our rain gauge system consists of an instrument unit for measuring precipitation, a communication unit for transmitting and receiving measured precipitation signals, and a database unit for storing, processing, and analyzing precipitation data. This newly developed rain gauge was designed according to the weather instrument criteria, where precipitation amounts filled into the tipping bucket are measured considering the receiver's diameter, the maximum measurement of precipitation, drainage time, and the conductivity marking. Moreover, it is also designed to transmit the measured precipitation data stored in the PCB through RS232, RS485, and TCP/IP, together with connecting to the data logger to enable data collection and analysis based on user needs. Preliminary results from a comparison with an existing 1.0-mm tipping bucket rain gauge indicated that our developed rain gauge has an excellent performance in continuous precipitation observation with higher measurement accuracy, more correct precipitation days observed (120 days), and a lower error of roughly 27 mm occurred during the measurement period.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 1991

For a continuous-time absorvation Markov chain, we apply and simplify the general method of finding the transition rates given the transition probabilities obtained from discrete observation of the continuous system. An example is given.