• Atmosphere
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2020

The characteristics of solar resources in South Korea were analyzed by comparing the solar irradiance derived from COMS (Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) with in-situ ground observation data (Pyranometer). Satellite-derived solar irradiance and in-situ observation showed general coincidence with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9, but the satellite observations tended to overestimate the radiation amount compared to the ground observations. Analysis of hourly and monthly irradiance showed that relatively large discrepancies between the satellite and ground observations exist after sunrise and during July~August period which were mainly attributed to uncertainties in the satellite retrieval such as large atmospheric optical thickness and cloud amount. But differences between the two observations did not show distinct diurnal or seasonal cycles. Analysis of regional characteristics of solar irradiance showed that differences between satellite and in-situ observations are relatively large in metrocity such as Seoul and coastal regions due to air pollution and sea salt aerosols which act to increase the uncertainty in the satellite retrieval. It was concluded that the satellite irradiance data can be used for assessment and prediction of solar energy resources overcoming the limitation of ground observations, although it still has various sources of uncertainty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2002

A recently lot of facilities have been constructed from rapidly development of science and economic growth. Among them, bridges are tending to be large because of geometrical problems of the road. And then the method of satellite surveying is being practical use variously out of present surveying methods. Therefore in this study it takes a measurement of bridge displacement using the RTK GPS Mode instead of the using mechanical measurement system. The observation value was verified by using Total Station to inspect observation value of RTK GPS. And then, by using the Delphi of object intending language, developed bridge warning system and applied it. The result of this study was found verification error of 0.2~8.3mm, therefore the measurement of bridge displacement of grand bridge can be applied by using An GPS.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.155.2-155.2
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• 2011

We present development of the calibration system for IGRINS (the Immersion GRating Infrared Spectrograph). We mainly use Th-Ar and U hollow cathode lamp as the spectral calibration source and telluric features can be used additionally. For the flat source, we selected a 3000K tungsten halogen lamp with 2 inch integrating sphere. From Light Tools simulation, the result flat image through calibration optics satisfied <1% flatness error requirement. We also present mechanical design of calibration box that will be attached on the IGRINS dewar. Three moving stages are designed to perform switching mechanism between all of the observing modes - target observation, flat, precision RV measurement, and spectro-polarimetric observation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.481-494
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• 2015

Groundwater level hydrographs from observation wells in Jeju island clearly illustrate distinctive features of recharge showing the time-delaying and dispersive process, mainly affected by the thickness and hydrogeologic properties of the unsaturated zone. Most groundwater flow models have limitations on delineating temporal variation of recharge, although it is a major component of the groundwater flow system. Recently, a convolution model was suggested as a mathematical technique to generate time series of recharge that incorporated the time-delaying and dispersive process. A groundwater flow model was developed to simulate transient groundwater level fluctuations in Pyoseon area of Jeju island. The model used the convolution technique to simulate temporal variations of groundwater levels. By making a series of trial-and-error adjustments, transient model calibration was conducted for various input parameters of both the groundwater flow model and the convolution model. The calibrated model could simulate water level fluctuations closely coinciding with measurements from 8 observation wells in the model area. Consequently, it is expected that, in transient groundwater flow models, the convolution technique can be effectively used to generate a time series of recharge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2019

With the popularity of sensor-rich environments, smartphones have become one of the major platforms for obtaining and sharing information. Since it is difficult to utilize GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) inside the area with many buildings, the localization of smartphone in this case is considered as a challenging task. To resolve problem of localization using smartphone a four step image-based localization method and procedure is proposed. To improve the localization accuracy of smartphone datasets, MMS (Mobile Mapping System) and Google Street View were utilized. In our approach first, the searching for candidate matching image is performed by the query image of smartphone's using GNSS observation. Second, the SURF (Speed-Up Robust Features) image matching between the smartphone image and reference dataset is done and the wrong matching points are eliminated. Third, the geometric transformation is performed using the matching points with 2D affine transformation. Finally, the smartphone location and attitude estimation are done by PnP (Perspective-n-Point) algorithm. The location of smartphone GNSS observation is improved from the original 10.204m to a mean error of 3.575m. The attitude estimation is lower than 25 degrees from the 92.4% of the adjsuted images with an average of 5.1973 degrees.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.539-550
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose a multivariate CUSUM control chart that can detect the out-of-control state fast while monitoring the cross- and auto- correlated multivariate time series data. Methods: We first build models to estimate the observation data and calculate the corresponding residuals. After then, a multivariate CUSUM chart is applied to monitor the residuals instead of the original raw observation data. Vector Autoregression and Artificial Neural Net are selected for the modelling, and Separated-MCUSUM chart is selected for the monitoring. The suggested methods are tested under a number of experimental settings and the performances are compared with those of other existing methods. Results: We find that Artificial Neural Net is more appropriate than Vector Autoregression for the modelling and show the combination of Separated-MCUSUM with Artificial Neural Net outperforms the other alternatives considered in this paper. Conclusion: The suggested chart has many advantages. It can monitor the complicated multivariate data with cross- and auto- correlation, and detects the out-of-control state fast. Unlike other CUSUM charts finding their control limits by trial and error simulation, the suggested chart saves lots of time and effort by approximating its control limit mathematically. We expect that the suggested chart performs not only effectively but also efficiently for monitoring the process with complicated correlations and frequently-changed parameters.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2022

Herein, we propose a LoRaWAN-based small draft system that can measure the ocean current flow (speed, direction, and distance) in real time at the request of the Coast Guard to develop a device that can promptly find survivors at sea. This system has been implemented and verified in the early stages of rescue after maritime vessel accidents, which are frequent. GPS signals often transmit considerable errors, so correction algorithms using the improved triangulation method algorithm are required to accurately indicate the direction of currents in real time. This paper is structured in the following manner. The introduction section elucidates rescue activities in the case of a maritime accident. Chapter 2 explains the characteristics and main parameters of the GPS surveying technique and LoRaWAN communication, which are related studies. It explains and expands on the critical distance error correction algorithm for GPS signals and its improvement. Chapter 3 discusses the design and analysis of small draft buoys. Chapter 4 presents the testing and validation of the implemented system in both onshore and offshore environments. Finally, Section 5 concludes the study with the expected impact and effects in the future.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2024

The GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK2A) satellite, which was launched in December 2018, carries weather observation payloads and uses the image navigation and registration system to calibrate the observation images. The calibration system requires accurate orbit prediction data and depends on the accuracy of the orbit determination accuracy. In order to find a possible way to improve the current orbit determination accuracy of the GK2A flight dynamic subsystem module, orbit determination software was developed to independently evaluate the orbit determination accuracy. A comprehensive satellite dynamic model is applied for a batch-type least squares filter. When determining the orbit, thrust firing during station-keeping maneuvers and wheel-off loading maneuvers is taken into account. One month of GK2A ranging data were processed to estimate the satellite position on a daily basis. The orbit determination error was evaluated by comparing estimates during overlapping estimation intervals.

• Atmosphere
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

The Barnes scheme is used in Digital Forecast System (DFS) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for real-time analysis. This scheme is an objective analysis scheme with a distance-dependent weighted average. It has been widely used for mesoscale analyses in limited geographic areas. The isotropic Gaussian weight function with a constant effective radius might not be suitable for certain conditions. In particular, the analysis error can be increased for stations located near mountains. The terrain of South Korea is covered with mountains and wide plains that are between successive mountain ranges. Thus, it is needed to consider the terrain effect with the information of elevations for each station. In order to improve the accuracy of the temperature objective analysis, we modified the weight function which is dependent on a distance and elevation in the Barnes scheme. We compared the results from the Barnes scheme used in the DFS (referred to CTL) with the new scheme (referred to EXP) during a year of 2009 in this study. The analysis error of the temperature field was verified by the root-mean-square-error (RMSE), mean error (ME), and Priestley skill score (PSS) at the DFS observation stations which is not used in objective analysis. The verification result shows that the RMSE and ME values are 1.68 and -0.41 in CTL and 1.42 and -0.16 in EXP, respectively. In aspect of spatial verification, we found that the RSME and ME values of EXP decreased in the vicinity of Jirisan (Mt. Jiri) and Taebaek Mountains. This indicates that the new scheme performed better in temperature verification during the year 2009 than the previous scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제34권4C호
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• pp.414-423
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• 2009

This paper considers a linear precoding scheme that achieves near optimal sum rate. While the minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoding provides the better MSE performance at all signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the zero forcing (ZF) precoding, its sum rate shows superior performance to ZF precoding at low SNR but inferior performance to ZF precoding at high SNR, From this observation, we first propose a near optimal linear precoding scheme in terms of sum rate. The resulting precoding scheme regularizes ZF precoding to maximize the sum rate, resulting in better sum rate performance than both ZF precoding and MMSE precoding at all SNR ranges. To find regularization parameters, we propose a simple algorithm such that locally maximal sum rate is achieved. As a low complexity alternative, we also propose a simple power re-allocation scheme in the conventional regularized channel inversion scheme. Finally, the proposed scheme is tested under the presence of channel estimation error. By simulation, we show that the proposed scheme can maintain the performance gain in the presence of channel estimation error and is robust to the channel estimation error.