• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.258-262
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to offer some standards for the classification of Sasang Constitutions according to age groups through analyzing the characteristics of their body shape and comparing with their frontal silhouettes. The subject of this study were 192 female and 167 male patients who aged from 17 to 64 in Pusan. They were treated with Sasang Constitutional medicine. 5 Heights, 7 widths of their body were measured with modified IBS-2000. Collected 12 anthropometric data was analyzed by T-test and ANOVA. Width is more suitable than height in estimating Sasang Constitutions regardless of gender differences. W2_1, W2_2, W2_4, W2_5, W2_51 are suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions regardless of gender differences and age groups. in case of female, H45 in 33${\sim}$64 age group is suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions. In case of male, H12, W2_1 in 17${\sim}$32 age group and H01, W2_0, H23 in 33${\sim}$64 age group are suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions. All Sasang Constitutions with the exception of Taeyangin female have to consider age groups, when we estimate Sasang Constitutions. From the above results, we have to consider not only gender differences but also age groups to classify Sasang Constitutions from body shape point of view.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2008

Objective : There are a few reports on the complications of surgery for epilepsy. We surveyed our data to present complications of epilepsy surgeries from the neurosurgeon's point of view and compare our results with other previous reports. Methods : A total of 179 surgical procedures for intractable epilepsy (41 diagnostic, 138 therapeutic) were performed in 92 consecutive patients (10 adults, 82 children) during the last 9.2 years (February. 1997-April. 2006). Their medical records and radiological findings were reviewed to identify and analyze the surgical complications. Results : The diagnostic procedures encompassed various combinations of subdural grid, subdural strips, and depth electrodes. Four minor transient complications developed in 41 diagnostic procedures (4/41=9.8%). A total of 138 therapeutic procedures included 28 anterior temporal lobectomies, 21 other lobectomies, 6 lesionectomies, 21 topectomies, 13 callosotomies, 20 vagus nerve stimulations, 13 multiple subpial transections, and 16 hemispherectomies. Twenty-six complications developed in therapeutic procedures (26/138=18.8%). Out of the 26 complications, 21 complications were transient and reversible (minor; 21/138=15.2%), and 5 were serious complications (major; 5/138=3.6%). Five major complications were one visual field defect, two mortality cases and two vegetative states. There were 2 additional mortality cases which were not related to the surgery itself. Conclusion : Our results indicate that complication rate was higher than previous other reports in minor complications and was comparable in major complications. However, our results show relatively high frequency of mortality cases and severe morbidity case compared to other previous reports. The authors would like to emphasize the importance of acute postoperative care in young pediatric patients as well as meticulous surgical techniques to reduce morbidity and mortality in epilepsy surgery.

• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to reveal the cause of failure of New Math in the field of the SMSG area education from the didactical point of view. At first, we analyzed Euclid's (Elements), De Morgan's (Elements of arithmetic), and Legendre's (Elements of geometry and trigonometry) in order to identify characteristics of the area conception in the SMSG. And by analyzing the controversy between Wittenberg(1963) and Moise(1963), we found that the elementariness and the mental object of the area concept are the key of the success of SMSG's approach. As a result, we conclude that SMSG's approach became separated from the mathematical contents of the similarity concept, the idea of same-area, incommensurability and so on. In this account, we disclosed that New Math gave rise to the lack of elementariness and geometrical mental object, which was the fundamental cause of failure of New Math.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. The strategy prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows: 1. We should establish a new paradigm of forest road, forest conservation and erosion control which can emphasize the restoration of the streamside ecosystem and reduce the effects of soil movement change in the areas. And we should maintain the biotic habitats to conserve native biotic community when we practice forest road, forest conservation and erosion control works. 2. In the point of view ecological conservation aspects, we should evaluate the effects of new forest conservation and erosion control methods which is emphasized on the restoration of the streamside ecosystem to apply desirable methodology to the environmental restoration of the streamside area. 3. In the past, the objective of forest conservation and erosion control was to fix a soil by construction of permanent structures. Whereas, the direction of future's forest conservation and erosion control needs to change new forest conservation and erosion control technology to prevent large scale soil movement but allow small scale soil movement to conserve sound ecosystem and biotic habitats. 4. The restoration of the streamside ecosystem should provide continuity of the streamside environment which allows desirable biological habitats, and environmentally sound facilities to harmonize the environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.655-662
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• 2010

Desertification has been expanding with a remarkable speed across the Northeast Asia. Desertification in Northeast Asia significantly influences Korea's economy and environmental health conditions in recent years. For these reasons, a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Korea have carried out the reforestation projects to combat desertification in China and Mongolia. Several tree plantation projects were implemented in Mongolia and China. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the performance of tree plantation aid projects carried out by Korean NGOs in Mongolia. The performance of tree plantation projects was examined through effectiveness, efficiency, equity and responsiveness of those projects. The performance was analyzed with the survival rate of planted trees and planting cost, the recognitions of Mongolian people. The analysis of the performance showed that the tree plantation cooperation projects carried out by Korean NGOs in Mongolia had comparatively high performance from a larger point of view. Especially, effectiveness and responsiveness of their projects were highly marked in spite of all the difficulties of carrying out the tree plantation. Such a high effectiveness represented the relatively higher survival rates of trees and Mongolian's positive recognition of plantation projects. Furthermore, the responsiveness also turned out to be high with a great satisfaction of the Mongolian people for plantation projects conducted by the Korean NGOs. Survey results indicated that the efficiency and equity of the projects would be increased by promoting the cooperation projects for tree planting throughout Mongolia with reinforcing infrastructures. By comparison between Korean NGOs and Mongolian Government plantation projects, confirmed the importance of sustained financial support and maintenance activities in the plantation sites.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2014

Objective: The goal of this research is to develop new user behavior model using user motion analysis with microscopic perspective for attracting user's participation in interactive space. Background: The interactive space is 'human's place', which is made up of complex elements of digital virtual space and traditional analog and physical environment based on human-computer interaction system. Human behavior has changed in it at the same time. If the user couldn't make participation in interaction, the purpose of the system is not met, which reduces its effect. Therefore, we need to focus on interactive space that is potential future direction from a new point of view. Method: For this research, we would discuss and study fields of interactive space; (1) finding definition of interactive space and studying background of theory about it. (2) providing base of user behavior model with study of user's context that is to be user information and motion. (3) examining user motion, classify basic motion type and making user participation behavior model in phases. Results: Through this process, user's basic twenty motions which are systematized are taken as a standard for analysis of interaction process and participation in interactive space. Then, 'NK-$I^5$ (I Five)' model is developed for user participation types in interactive space. There are five phases of user participation behavior: Imperception, Interest, Involvement, Immersion, and Influence. In this analysis, three indicators which are time, motion types, and user relationship are found to be related to participation. Conclusion: The capabilities and limitation of this research is discussed to attract user participation. This paper focuses especially on contribution of design to lead user's participation in interactive system and expectation to help adapt to user centered design of various interactive space with new aspect of user behavior research. Application: The results of the 'NK-$I^5$ (I Five)' model might help to realize successful interactive space based on user centered design.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.288-301
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• 2001

The essence of adapting education to the information age consists of two parts. One is the building of infrastructure for information education and the other is putting information and communication technology to educational use. Moreover, from a usage point of view, it is the most important thing that secures much educational software of good quality supporting adapting schools to the information age. It does mean the investigation about the plan of evaluation of educational software is important. Thus, in this study, we provide scientific information for efficient selection and use of educational software as end-users, and provide objective evaluation criteria of quality as a developer. In addition, through this research, we can lay the foundation for adapting education to the information age. For this purpose, we analyzed previous research relevant to the evaluation of educational software, divided the criteria of evaluation into three parts, educational, applicational, and technical, and develop the criteria of evaluation in detail.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.213-235
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to study on the aesthetic modernity of Baekseok's poetry. They say that Baekseok's poetry have the motives of the folk-customs and his native language which have been studied for the purpose of showing the subject character of Baekseok's poetry. Baekseok's poetry consisted of the dark imagery are based on the reality of our national loss and his lose living, so the approaching for the purpose of showing the subject character is more suitable for the understanding of the world of his poetry. But this paper Is approached by what the aesthetic modernity of Baekseok's poetry is, because the understanding of how the modem poetry are composed of is more important reading pattern on them. The special feature of his poetry is composed of the ironic poetics figured by the anti-subjectivity like the stylistic of the Imagism, the child narrator, and the pessimist narrator. His poetry written by the Imagism stand for the Apollo Modernism, and his poetry written by the child narrator and the pessimist narrator stand for the Dionysus Modernism. His poetry anti-subjected through the Imagism have been written with the motives of the home-nature and the native people, which have created the objective modernity. His poetry through the child narrator have been written with the motives of our folk-customs, and them through the pessimist narrator have been written with the paradoxical speech, which have created the subjective modernity. Especially, the Shamanism-poetry through the child narrator have created the aesthetik of the Schreckens. Others have created the ironic poetics through the anti-subjectivity and the exaggerated paradoxical rhetoric. In conclusion, it is more reasonable point of view that the special feature of Baekseok's poetry is based on the dual modernism like the Apollo and the Dionysus.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.68-79
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• 1997

In this thesis which takes fashion advertising that functions a marketing communication as an objective, I try to bear witness to the signifying system of garments though analyzing with semiotic methodology the signifying procedure on the base of the structural concept of Ferdinand de Saussure and the advertisement semiotic theory of Roland Barthes, to make clear their signifying structure and it meaning by understanding the characteristics of contemporary society and its cognitive system. Each sign of fashion advertising transfers the brand image through syntagmatic signification which contains the mythology of goods. Mannish style is encoded as tailored jacket, white shirt, H-silhouette and pants, non-color or being color, and it is presented as a clothing sign of casual wear for career women. Feminine style is encoded as X-silhouette, soutien collar suit style, various colors, and other details with womanly image, and it is presented as a clothing sign for maid or young wife 20\`s or 30\`s. Formal style is encoded as jacket vest, inner wear(blouse), two and three piece dress by pants or skirt and one-piece dress, and it is used in every age and class. Casual style is similar to formal style, but differs only in textile code. Clothing sign for housewives in middle age is encoded as H-silhouette of formal style, long jacket and pants and brown, being and grey colors. Contemporary popular phenomena in the signification of fashion advertising, and its temporal ideology reflected are as follows; According to the context of fashion advertising in the middle of 1990\`s, its fashion is that first, military look applied from the designs of various sort of military uniform and vest look and pant style applied from dandy-style imitated from man\`s wear are popuar. This mean that it reflects the change of point of view on woman\`s role in society today. That is, due to the equality between man and woman, it mirrors the ideology of feminism, and then, describes beautifully professional woman with carrer. Second, because that individualism is underlied for the change of consumer\`s consciousness, standardized popularity is disappeared, and in accordance with the mixture of various trends and personalities proposed every season, layered look that emphasizes individualism, easiness and naturalness is popular.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to obtain objective and standardized information on masticatory function and patient atisfaction following second molar single implant therap. Methods: Twenty adult patient, who had restored second molar single implants more than 1 month before the study, were enrolled in this stud. All patients received a chewing test using peanuts before and after insertion of the implant prosthesi, with a questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate the effect of second molar single implant therap. Results: his study obtained standardized information on the masticatory function objectively (e.g., P, R, $X_{50}$) before (Pre-insertion) and after insertion (Post-insertion) of the implant prosthesis. Masticatory performance (P) after insertion of the implant prosthesis significantly increased from $67.8{\pm}9.9$ to $84.3{\pm}8.5$% (P<0.0001). With the implant prosthesis, the P value increased by 24%. The masticatory efficiency index (R) of Post-insertion is higher than that of Pre-insertion (P<0.0001). With the implant prosthesis, the R value increased by 29%. The median particle size ($X_{50}$) of Post-insertion is lower than that of Preinsertion (P<0.0001). More than 90% of the patients were satisfied with the second molar single implant therapy from a functional point of view. Conclusions: These findings indicate that a second molar single implant can increase masticatory function.