• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.119-129
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• 2003

This study was peformed to establish the standard size system to be required for the production of brassiere. The subject were 155 Korean twenties-aged women and were directly measured anthropometrically. From 27 measurements, 5 factors were extracted through factor analysis. The accumulative contribution ratio is 76.92％. Factor 1 indicates the degree of obesity around the chest, factor 2 is the drooping degree of breast, factor 3 is the contours and prominence, factor 4 is the breast breadth and breadth of bust point, factors 5 is the volume of breast. The subject were classified into 3 cluster as their breast types through cluster analysis. Type 1 is the closest to the ideal breast shape and not too droopy. This group belonged to 75A. Type 2 has small breast and belonged to 70AA group. Type 3 is the obesest and has the biggest and droopy breast. This group belonged to 75B. The distribution of size of brassiere had 3 sections from 70 to 80 showing a rate of 81.94% and the sin of the cup had 4 sections from AAA cup to B cup showing a rate of 89.70％. The production ratio of each brassiere size, it was found that the brassiere size of highest production ratio was 75A(16.39％) in type 1,70AA(16.27%) in type 2, and 75B(13.72％) in type 3. This suggests that it is necessary to adjust for the production rate of brassieres.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate cardiovascular risk factors, their interaction, degree of cardiovascular risk and to analyze the effects of related fcators in women workers. Method: A Survey was conducted in 529 employed women in 36 workplaces from October 25, 2002 to December 12, 2002. The survey was distributed and collected by occupational health nurses working at work sites. Result: The result were as followings; The female workers had about 2 cardiovascular risk factors. 82.1% were not exercising more than 3 times a week, 45.9% reported noise-exposure, 38.2% had higher perceived stress, 25.4% were shift-workers, 10.4% were long-time workers(over 60hour/week), 4.4% were frequent drinker, 3.9% were current smokers. The rate of obesity in measured as BMI greater than 25 was 4.0%. Many cardiovascular risk factors were correlated. Job-related and health behavior-related cardiovascular risk factors were correlated statistically. Expose to noise, reported perceived stress were powerful predictors in their degree of cardiovascular risk. Conclusion; Based on the results of this study, cardiovascular prevention programs for women in workplace should be designed as a multifactorial approach, which include stress management and job-related risk factor management as essential components to be effective in addressing the needs of the population.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.234-244
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• 2002

This study was conducted to compare the rates of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, high blood glucose, and liver dysfunction, between 64 obese children (24 boys and 11 girls who were moderately obese, and 21 boys and 8 girls who were severely obese) and 45 normal weight children (31 boys and 14 girls) from 13 elementary schools in Kangnung city. Among the boys with severe obesity, the levels of serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol (133.60 $\pm$ 49.99 mg/dl and 105.00 $\pm$ 41.12 mg/dl( respectively) were significantly higher compared to the normal Weight group (81.16 $\pm$ 23.59 mg/dl and 87.74 $\pm$ 32.095 mg/dl, respectively) of moderately obese group (102.30 $\pm$ 36.03 mg/dl, 89.99 $\pm$ 32.10 mg/이, respectively). In girls, only serum triglycerides were significantly higher in the severely obese group (154.30 $\pm$ 46.84 mg/dl), compared with the normal weight group (80.00 $\pm$ 25.31 mg/dl) or moderately obese group (106.40 $\pm$ 41.73 mg/dl). In boys, blood pressure in the severely obese group (systolic: 120.5 $\pm$ 9.74 mmHg; diastolic: 80.95 $\pm$ 10.44 mmHg) was significantly higher compared with the groups of normal weight or moderately obese children. The rate of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly different among normal weight, moderately obese, and severely obese boys (9.7%, 41.7%, and 76.2%, respectively). The proportion of boys who had an Atherogenic Index(AI) higher than 3 was found to be significantly higher in the severely obese group (28.6%), compared to 6.5% in the normal weight group and 4.1% in the moderately obese group. Among boys, a significantly higher rate of hypertension was found in the severely obese group, which showed high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic pressure (81.0% and 81.0%), compared with the normal weight group (16.1% and 22.6%) and moderately obese group (33.3% and 33.3%). In conclusion, the diagnosis and management of obese children needs to be tailored to gender and the degree of obesity. Furthermore, a systematic management program needs to be developed for early screening and detection of obesity in order to minimize the risk of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, especially in severely obese children.

• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.485-511
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• 1998

In orther to find the characteristics of each constitution, the examine of Kyung Hee medical center was diagnosed constitution, and resulted body measures and diagnosis. That was considered and the results are as follows 1. The obese patients is that there are the best many people(91.0%) to Taeumin. The frequency of Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. The degree of obesity grade is the highest in Taeumin. 2. The systolic blood & diastolic blood pressure of obese patients did not show any significant differences. Only, the obesity patients is the higher than nomal examine, without regard to Sasang constitution. 3. The hypertensive frequency of obese patients is that Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. there is not show any significant differences. specially, the hypertension of Soyangin group is caused by an ascending of diastolic pressure. 4. Glucose value of obese patients did not show any significant differences. generally, the frequency of Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. The diabetes of obese patients is the highest in Taeumin. 5. The serum lipids of obese patients did not show any significant differences. Total cholesterol, Triglyceride value of Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. HDL-cholesterol of obese patients is that Taeumin group is more than Soyangin group and Soeumin group. 6. The frequency of hyperlipidemia is the highest in Taeumin. 7. GOT, GPT of obese patients did not show any significant differences, but GGT is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin & Soeumin group. 8. Uric acid of obesity patients did not show any significant differences between Sasang constitution, but the value of obese patients is higher than nomal examine. The abnomality of Uric acid is higher in Taeumin than the other constitutions. The frequency of abnomality is the highest in Taeumin females. 9. Arteriosclerosis frequency of obese patients did not show any significant differences, the frequency of Sasang constitution is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin & Soeumin group. 10. Hemoglobin of obese patients did not show any significant differences, but Hematocrit is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin & Soeumin group. Anemia of obese patients did not show any significant differences. The frequency of anemia is higher in the females than the males. 11. BUN, creatinine of obese patients did not show any significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to measure and compare nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements and serum indices by percent body fat as one of the index of obesity degree in female college students. Additionally we attempted to investigate percentile distribution of fat free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) for developing reference values for these two parameters. The subjects were 91 female college students who were classified to 4 groups according to the percentile of percent body fat (Group1: 25 th < percentile of percent body fat, Group 2 : 25 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 50 th, Group 3 : 50 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 75 th, Group 4 : percentile of percent body fat ${\ge}$ 75 th). The mean percent body fat and body mass index were 28.2%, $20.5 kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean energy intake was 1707 kcal(81% of KDRIs) and vitamin C, folate, Ca and Zn intake were 73.9%, 54.7%, 79.6%, 97.5% of KDRIs respectively. Most nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, cholesterol, fatty acid, Ca, Fe) of G4 was lower than that of G1, G2 and G3. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in G4 than G1, G2, G3 and it tended to increase as percent body fat decreased. LDL/HDL, A1 of G4 were significantly the highest among the 4 groups and increased as percent body fat increased. The mean fat free mass index and fat mass index were $14.5 kg/m^2$, $6.0 kg/m^2$ respectively. The criteria of sarcopenic obesity which has been defined as under 25 th percentile of FFMI and below 75 th percentile of FMI were shown $12.8 kg/m^2$, $8.2 kg/m^2$ respectively in this study. In conclusion, we should continue to more systematically research on the studies of new obesity measurement which includes FFMI and FMI as one of the variables. And the public education for weight control that emphasizes both the understanding of body composition and the importance of nutrition balance is also required.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the variables affecting the quality of life according to the degree of obesity of male and female college students. The research data used the data of the 8th year (2019) of the National Health and Nutrition Survey. Among the survey data, 287 students enrolled in college were enrolled. As a result of the study, the body mass index according to sex was 23.71kg/m2 for male students, 21.31kg/m2 for female students, and male students were overweight, and female students showed normal weight. The quality of life score according to gender was 0.97 points for male students and 0.98 points for female students, indicating a high quality of life score for female students. In the results of a regression analysis conducted to investigate the effect of obesity on the quality of life of college students, boys had normal weight (β=0.053, p=0.003), overweight (β=0.041, p=0.030) and obese weight compared to underweight. The quality of life was significantly higher in (β=0.046, p=0.012). However, there was no significant relevance in female students. In the future, it is considered that the education program for obese body type and the education program for underweight should be combined with the university's health-related education program.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.161-174
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• 2004

This study was accomplished to investigate the dietary life and their opinion about the food-nutrition labelling of 20's∼60's housewives in Seoul and Kyeonggi area. The results were as follows. Among subjects, 63.5% didn't make a budget for the food expenses because they did not practice habitually not only the budget-planning, but also the menu planning. They often brought the Kimchi from the relatives rather than preparing it by themselves. On the other hand, they often purchased the soy sauce, soybean paste and soybean paste mixed with red pepper. When purchasing the foods, the importantly considered factors were in the order of freshness, taste and nutritional quality. They thought the processed foods were convenient and economic in terms of time but were not beneficial for the health and low in the nutritional quality. The confirming degree of food-nutrition labelling was very low, but in case of confirming, they often confirmed the manufactured date and the expiration date in order to confirm the stability. The degree of confidence and understanding about food-nutrition labelling of subjects was average 3.3 out of 5. They wanted the nutrient content the most in the food-nutrition labelling on the package. They preferred it as the types of picture and graph rather than the table and descriptiption. The expected effects of food-nutrition labelling was that they might be helpful to select the foods for the prevention of the adult diseases and obesity. From the results, we proposed that the agencies and nutrition concerned consumers should make an every efforts for the successful implementation of food-nutrition labelling system.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.141-153
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study is researching for correlation between Moire topography results and questionnaire which include obesity rate, height, weight, posture, pain aspect (low back pain, headache, fatigue, neck pain etc), studying posture, school attendance method, menarche. Methods : The authors practiced Moire topography and questionnaire for primary & middle school 24,419 students [male 12,843, female 11,576] in Jeonbuk, korea in 2002. After we distinguished students who had abnormal finding in Moire topography and statistically analysed the data. Results : According to this research, the abnormal finding in Moire topography results was 37.3% (9,105 students), and students needed X-ray re-examination were 3.9% (953 students). According to statistical analysis, male/female and primary/middle school students have no difference in deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire. Height and weight have low correlation with deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire and menarche, pain aspect have no correlation. But, school attendance method by bicycle and $90^{\circ}$upright sitting in study posture is the best way to decrease the deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire. Conclusions : Following this research, throughout Moire topography could detect trunk asymmetry that couldn't be found existing X-ray examination, and school attendance by bicycle and $90^{\circ}$upright sitting in study posture is good for school students to prevent back deformity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.106-117
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for the development of well-fitting and comfortable brassieres for women in their 30s, based on the classification of breast shapes by utilizing 3D body measurement data of women in the age group. The result of processing the measurements from the 3D body scan data through RapidForm 2006 shows that while the vertical body measurements decrease, the horizontal measurements, which indicates the degree of obesity, increase proportionally with age. Also, the relevant measurements for upper breasts increase proportionally with age, while the measurements for lower part of the breasts decrease as the degree of sagging increases. Four composition factors of the breasts were identified through the factor analysis: Factor 1 is the level of volume in the breasts and the surrounding area; Factor 2 is the position of nipples and the shape of upper part of breasts; Factor 3 is the position and vertical length of the breasts; Factor 4 is the shape of lower part of breasts; and Factor 5 is the shape of inner part of breasts and degree of width between both breasts. The breasts have been categorized into three distinctive shapes: Breast Shape 1, Breast Shape 2 and Breast Shape 3. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the largest percentage (36.68%) of women in their 30s falls into the category of Breast Shape 2 with small volume and flat upper breasts, followed by Breast Shape 1 (32.66%) with large volume in the upper and lower parts of breasts, and large side to side area, and Breast Shape 3 (30.65%) with average volume and width between breasts.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.764-773
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in body image and apparel fashion orientation according to gender and somatotype. And the paths for the apparel fashion orientation affected by these variables were also analyzed. The data for this research were collected from questionnaires of 210 male and 180 female college students. The results of this research are as follows: It was found that subjective somatotypes of male and female college students were different from objective somatotypes and that female college students showed high degree of somatotype distortion compared to male college students. The body image was composed of three factors, interest in appearance', concern about weight' and satisfaction in appearance'. Female college students were highly interested in appearance and weight with exhibiting high interest in appearance for the persons who have a thin somatotype and in weight for the persons who have an obesity somatotype, respectively. Female college students were more closely associated with fashion than male students. The higher interest in appearance, concern about weight and satisfaction in appearance persons have, the higher degree of leadership in fashion opinion, fashion innovativeness and confidence in apparel the persons showed. Thus, female students, thin somatotypical persons or standard somatotypical persons were highly interested in appearance. The persons who are more concerned about appearance showed the high degree of leadership in fashion opinion, fashion innovativeness and confidence in apparel. And the persons who are satisfied with their appearance exhibited high leadership in fashion opinion and confidence in apparel.