• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2002

The hormone resistin is associated with type II diabetes mellitus in rodent model. Resistin impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. A new class of anti-diabetic drugs were called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) downreguates a resistin. Resistin gene expression is induced during adipocyte differentiation and resistin polypeptide is secreted by adipocytes. But, the correlation between increased adiposity and resistin remains unknown. The objectives of this study was to clone a mouse resistin CDNA and to generate transgenic mice overexpressing mouse resistin gene. The pCMV-mus/resistin gene was prepared from previous recombinant pTargeT$^{TM}$-mus/resistin by digestion of Bgl II, and has used for microin- jection into pronuclei of one cell embryos. Mouse resistin expression was detected in transgenic F$_1$mice by RT-PCR. The transgenic mouse with resistin gene expression has heavier body weight which was measured higher level of plasma glucose than that of normal mouse. And in diet-induced experiments, in fasting group, resistin expression was higher than that of re-feeding group. This result demonstrates that the resistin gene overexpressing mice may be became to obesity and be useful as an animal disease model to be diabetes caused by insulin resistance of resistin.n.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.311-327
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• 2009

This study was performed to determine the health and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in Koreans over the age of 50 in a high-income class (more than twice as much family income as the 2005 Korean minimum cost of living, 668,540 Won). A total of 505 subjects aged over 50 from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were divided into two groups: A hypertension group (HG) (N=151, Systolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$140 mmHg or Diastolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$90 mmHg) and normal group (NG) (N=354). Subjects who took hypertension medicines or underwent diet therapy were excluded. In HG, mean daily alcohol intake and the amount of alcohol consumption per one occasion were significantly higher than in NG, respectively. A greater number of hypertension subjects answered that they drank alcohol to reduce stress as compared to normal subjects. HG also took fewer dietary supplements than NG. Mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood sugar level, and 2 hour postprandial blood sugar following a glucose load were significantly higher in HG than in NG, respectively. Also, iron, thiamin, and niacin intakes and the consumption frequency of seaweeds were significantly lower in HG than in NG, respectively. Finally, obesity (BMI ${\geq}$25 $kg/m^2$), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}$90 cm for males, ${\geq}$ 80 cm for females), high blood sugar level 2 hours after an oral glucose load (${\geq}$140~200 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (serum TG ${\geq}$200 mg/dl) were related to a significantly higher risk of hypertension in the subjects (odds ratio: 1.884~3.040). In conclusion, dietary factors such as higher alcohol consumption; lower intakes of iron, thiamin, and niacin; lower consumption frequency of seaweeds; and metabolic syndrome were associated with hypertension in the study subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1991

The effect of habitual alcohol consumption on the nutrient intake. body weight and serum values were studied in 194 upper middle class men aged 35-55yr. living in Seoul. Each subject was interviewed to get information of alcohol and nutrients intake. Blood samples were taken. Mean values for each variable were compared by fertile of alcohol intake. The average alcohol consumption of the subject was 32.2g/day. Most of times foods were taken along with drinks. The subjects preferred food items such as meat. fish, nuts. dry fishes when they drink. High alcohol consumers had a significantly higher intake of calorie. protein, fat. Fe, and riboflavin compared to nondrinkers and moderate drinkers. Body weight was significantly higher in high alcohol drinkers followed by moderate and nondrinker groups. They also showed the higher serum values of triglyceride and r-GTP. High alcohol consumption resulted in an increased intakes of most nutrients especially calorie and fat which leads to higher body weight and higher serum concentrations of triglyceride and r-GTP. Therefore it seems that heavy alcohol drinkers are more prone to obesity and related chronic diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.364-370
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional status in middle-class adults compared with low income or high income adults according to gender difference. Methods: Data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. A total of 7,082 adults aged from 30 to 64 were included and classified according to household income level into three groups. Dietary data was collected using 24-hr recall methods. Results: Most nutrients including energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals such as iron and calcium differed according to income levels. Iron intake of middle-class men was higher than that of the lowest income group, whereas that of middle-class women was similar to that of the lowest income group. In addition, no significant difference in carbohydrate, protein, fat, thiamin, and niacin intakes per 1,000 kcal and iron intake was found between the middle and high income group only in male subjects. In summary, our results showed that the relationship between nutritional status and income level as a socioeconomic parameter could vary according to gender difference. Conclusion: According to our results, it could be suggested that not only the lowest income people but also middle class women should be concerned in development of nutritional policies. Gender difference should be considered. It is a very meaningful implication for application to policy for obesity prevention or intervention.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2007

Health education aims at behavior change rather than just delivering health knowledge to people. In Korea health education activities in public sector began in 1960 and they were included in the primary prevention program in communities. This article reviewed current health education programs in healthy living practice programs provided by local public health centers in Korea and drew implications for the future role of health education in community setting. Health education has been a core function of the National Health Promotion programs in the nation since the enactment of the National Health Promotion Law in 1995. The National Health Promotion programs are funded by the National Health Promotion Fund which are drawn from tobacco tax. The National Health Promotion programs include healthy living practice programs (smoking prevention and cessation programs, moderate alcohol use programs, physical activity promotion programs, and nutrition programs), chronic disease prevention programs, oral health programs and public hygiene programs. Methods of the National Health Promotion programs include health education, health counseling, health class, health information management, survey and research. Smoking prevention and cessation programs include smoking cessation clinic, smoking cessation education, non-smoking environment program, and non-smoking campaign. Moderate alcohol use programs include alcohol use education, moderate alcohol use campaign, alcohol use counseling, and alcohol free environment programs. Physical activity promotion programs include obesity control, targeted exercise program, and exercise civic group programs. Nutrition programs include nutrition management, obesity management, nutrition education, breakfast eating program, and nutrition counseling and treatment programs. The health education programs in community are not efficient today because there are many overlapping contents and short term goals. Community health education programs needs to be more comprehensive. Workforce development is another big issue at the moment because the National credential program will begin in 2009. Variety of community health education programs should be developed and funded by the national health promotion fund.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to investigate attitude about self-weight reduction and dietary intakes by body mass index (BMI) of university students. The subjects were Korean university students (male: 1,024, female： 1,575) who were participating in a nutritional education class via the internet. This survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, health-related lifestyles, dietary behaviors, body images and diet experiences. As for prevalence of obesity, 3.2％ of male subjects were underweight, 64.2％ were normal weight, 20.8％ were overweight, and 11.8％ were obese. In female subjects, 25.8％ were underweight, 67.1 ％ were normal weight, 5.3％ were overweight, and 1.7％ were obese. Distribution of obesity by BMI was significantly different between male and female subjects. There was a significant difference in perceptions of body weight between male and female subjects. The female subjects were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. As for weight reduction, the higher BMI was, the more weight reduction was tried in both male and female subjects. As for average daily intakes for energy and 11 nutrients, most nutrient intakes were not significantly different by distribution of BMI. However, obese subgroup showed the lowest nutrient intakes compared to other subgroups. As BMI increased, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) significantly decreased. Therefore, nutritional education via the internet is necessary for university students to establish physically and mentally optimal health condition through nutritional intervention.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.527-530
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• 2019

The increasing prevalence of inactivity and obesity, along with aging, has implications on work capacity of labor force. This study reports the relationships between activity level and BMI by age with objectively measured physical workload. Data were examined from a sample of 19 481 Finnish employees using an estimate of minute-to-minute oxygen consumption based on R-R interval recordings. The mean estimated %VO₂max during the working day was 12.1 (±3.6) and 15.1 (±4.5)% for men and women, respectively. Based on a linear model, the mean %VO₂max increased by 1.5%-unit per 10-year increase in age, by 2.1%-unit per 5 kg/㎡ increase in BMI, and decreased by 1.6%-unit if improving physical activity class by two (p < 0.001 for all). Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, notably increases workload throughout the career, even though at young adulthood, the daily workload is almost the same for each person regardless of the BMI, activity level, or gender. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity and normal weight in protecting the worker from excessive physical (cardiovascular) workload during the whole working career.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and long-term clinical effects of hypertension in Korean childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. Methods: The medical records of SLE patients, diagnosed by 2019 SLE European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria, who visited Samsung Medical Center from January 2009 to May 2019 were reviewed. Disease activity and long-term damage were evaluated using the Modified Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and the Pediatric Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (Ped-SDI), respectively. The sex-, age- and height-blood pressure standards recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics 2017 guideline was used to define hypertension. Results: A total of 32 patients were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up duration was 7.3 years and females were predominant. The median ages at SLE and hypertension diagnoses were 14.2 and 14.3 years, respectively. The biopsy-proven lupus nephritis was detected in 90.6% and 37.5% were class IV. During the follow-up, 12 patients (37.5%) had hypertension. Among them, 2 patients had 3 episodes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and 5 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Univariate analysis showed baseline hypertension was significantly correlated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher body mass index and SLEDAI at baseline. The development of hypertension during the follow-up was significantly correlated with obesity, LVH, and higher Ped-SDI. Conclusion: Our study revealed that hypertension in pediatric SLE is associated with obesity and renal function at SLE diagnosis and could affect long-term damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2002

The hormone resistin is associated with typeII diabetes mellitus in rodent model. Resistin impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. A new class of anti-diabetic drugs were called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) downregulates a resistin which is induced during adipocyte differentiation. But the connection between increased adiposity and resistin remains unknown. The objectives of this study was to clone a mouse resistin cDNA and to generate transgenic mice overexpressing mouse resistin gene. The 555 bp of mouse resistin was amplified from mob cDNAS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into pCR$\^$(R)/ 2.1 TOPO T-vector. Mouse resistin mRNA on the basis of Genbank sequence (acession no. AF323080). Then, the PCR product was cloned into pTargeT$\^$TM/ mammalian expression vector that has pCMV promoter and chimeric intron. Restriction enzyme analysis with BamH I and Not I was carried out to determine an orientation of the insert in the vector. The pCMV-mus/resistin gene was prepared from previous recombinant pTargeT$\^$TM/-mus/resistin by digestion of Bgl II, and has used for microinjection into pronuclei of one cell embryos. The microinjected embryos were transfered to pseudopregnant foster-mother. Mouse resistin expression was detected in transgenic F1 mice by Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Resistin gene expression mouse has heavier body weight which was measured higher level of plasma glucose than that of normal mouse. And in diet-induced experiments, the abdominal fat pads were isolated from each 24h starvation and re-feeding after fasting group mice that were assessed by RT-PCR analysis. In fasting group mice, resistin expression was higher than that of re-feeding group mice. This result suggests that the resistin gene overexpressing mice may be became to obesity and be useful as an animal disease model to be diabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance of resistin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluated the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibitory activity of 11 water extracts derived from Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Sarcodon aspratus, Cordyceps militaris, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Corni fructus, Allium cepa, Coix lacryma-jobi, Plantago asiatica L., Lentinus edodes, Rosa rugosa, and Foeniculum fructus. The results of the LPL secretion and activity assay showed Sarcodon aspratus (NE) extract have an LPL secretion inhibitory acitivity. The cause of reduction in LPL secretion after NE treatment was investigated using molecular biology methods. NE treatment affected the LPL content in cells, but did not affect LPL mRNA expression. It also increased the mRNA expression level of sortilin-related receptor LDLR class A (SorLA), a receptor that induces endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of LPL. Finally, cell fractionation revealed that NE treatment induced the expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein beta ($C/EBP{\beta}$), a SorLA transcription factor, in the nuclei of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results show that NE's anti-obesity effect involves inhibition of LPL secretion through $C/EBP{\beta}$-mediated induction of SorLA expression.