• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Objective : To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea,1998. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM(non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF(Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. Results : The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion${\sim}965$ billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion${\sim}1,086$ billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4.225 billion${\sim}2,050$ billion Won, which corresponded to about $0.094%{\sim}0.046%$ of GDP and $1.88%{\sim}0.91$ of total health care costs in Korea. Conclusions : Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

This study was carried out for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese middle school students. The subjects were 104 obese adolescents of 4 middle schools in Namwon city, Jeonbuk. Average age of the subjects was 12.2 years old, BMI of mild obesity group, moderate obesity group and severe obesity group were 24.6kg/m2, 27.5kg/m2, and 31.8 kg/m2, respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese students was 2.9%. And the person who has more than 2 out of 5 symptoms was 22.1%, and more than 1 was 39.4%. The prevalence of each symptoms were abdomen obesity(46.2%), hyper triglyceride(23.1%), high blood pressure(20.2%), high HDLcholesterol(2.9%), but the hyper glycemia had not been found. Nutrient intakes of 3 groups were not significantly different, energy was 1817.9kcal, carbohydrate was 265.7g, protein was 72.2g, and fat was 51.9g. Nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) of protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin C was proper, except calcium. Seventy point two percent of the obese students knew 'obesity is a disease', and 49.0% of the subjects didn't know the complication of the obesity. Only 27.9% of the obese adolescents took nutrition education class, but 51.9% of them thought nutrition education was necessary. We suggest that the nation enforce the policy for early detection and treatment of obesity for adolescents. Obese students and their parents should take nutrition education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2001

Objective : To develop a boner understanding of the relationship between weight status and the prevalence of obesity related diseases in the Korean population. Methods : The 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was used and 10,880 persons who had previously taken health examinations were selected for study. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity's classification of weight status was used. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, chronic heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. A logistic regression model was developed to estimate the prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors and we converted the odds ratio to a prevalence ratio using the base line prevalence of disease to aid in the interpretation of the ratios. Results : The prevalence of obesity was 26.3% based on the KSSO classification $(BMI\geq25)$. A graded increase in the prevalence ratio was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all health outcomes with the exception of chronic heart disease in men and stroke in both men and women. With normal weight individuals as the reference, for men who were younger than 50 years, the prevalence ratios were highest for hypertension BMI<23-25: 1.70(95% CI=1.41-2.05), 25$BMI\geq30$: 4.83(95% CI=3.70-5.84). The prevalence ratios for dyslipidemia were as high as hypertension, but were lower than hypertension for diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis. Prevalence ratios generally were greater in younger adults. The prevalence of having 2 or more obesity related diseases increased with weight status category, except in people who were older than 50 years. Conclusions : Based on results, obesity is an increasingly important health problem in Korea and the disease burden increases according to weight status. For Korean adults, the strongest relationship was seen between weight status and hypertension and dyslipidemia. In older people the impact of excess weight and obesity is stronger than that seen in younger people. Increased efforts in the study of obesity and prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity related disease are required.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2015

본 연구는 저항성 운동과 유산소 운동의 복합 운동 프로그램으로 구성된 체력관리 수업과 일반 교양체육 수업 간에 비만도와 대사증후군 위험인자의 개선 및 체력 향상 정도에 차이가 있는지를 밝혀내어 융복합적인 웰니스를 위한 체력관리 수업의 필요성을 제시하고자 하였다. 피험자는 본교 체력관리 수강 남학생 113명, 본교 교양체육 실기과목 수강 남학생 67명, 타 대학의 운동과 다이어트 및 건강관리 수업 수강 남학생 40명 총 220명을 연구 대상으로 설정하였다. 비만지표, 대사증후군 위험인자 및 건강 기술관련 체력 변인들은 세 집단 간 수업 전후의 상호작용을 검정하기 위해 이원변량분석(Repeated two-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 체력관리 수업이 본교 교양체육 수업과 타 대학 교양체육 수업보다 개인의 비만도와 대사증후군 위험인자를 개선시키고 체력을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 체력관리 교양수업은 기존의 스포츠 실기 및 이론 교양수업에 비해 학생들의 건강과 체력을 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 교과목인 것으로 사료된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between sitting time and BMI-defined low weight and overweight/obesity in Korean adolescents. Methods: Data were from Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey (KYRBS) in 2015 including 63,345 adolescents aged 12-18 years. The analysis investigated low-weight and overweight/obesity odds ratio(OR) according to study sitting time and leisure sitting time adjusted for sex, school grade, social-economic status(SES), physical activity and sleeping time. Results: After adjusting for sex, school grade, SES, physical activity and sleeping time, study sitting time and leisure sitting time were not significantly associated with low-weight. However, leisure sitting time was positively associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Health program to less sitting time should be established with consideration for differences in risk according to sex, age, SES and active leisure time through the school physical class should be provided to adolescents. Additionally, strategies to promote healthy weight are required to integrate sitting time, physical activity and sleeping time in Korean adolescents.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.504-511
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• 1999

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the relationship among obese children, dietary intake and environmental factors. Therefore, this survey compared obese children with normal children on dietary intake and environmental factors. The survey were 110 obese children and 110 normal children whose age, height, and sex were same as the obese children of 21 elementary school in Inchon. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SAS program. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The student's obesity was related to parent's obesity and number of their siblings. There were significant differences between obese groups and normal group for these two factors. 2) Meal time of the obese group showed more irregularity than that of the normal group. Otherwise, the normal group were more "piclity" about special food than the obese group(p<0.05). Also obese children showed unconsious eating while reading or watching TV(p<0.01). The normal group attended physical education class more eagerily the obese group(p<0.001). There was no significant difference between obese children and normal children for learning habits. 3) Obese children shoed higher intake of nutrients compared to normal children. Among all the nutrients, minerals and vitamins showed significant differences. Therefore, further study on obese children and their intake of minerals and vitamin is needed. Also, in order to prevent factors which influence obesity, nutrition education at home as well as school was needed.as needed.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.641-650
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 취약계층 아동의 비만 형성에 대한 요인으로 식이 자기효능감, 신체적 자기효능감 및 아동이 지각하는 부모양육태도와의 관련성을 확인하므로 향후 취약계층 아동비만을 관리하는 간호중재 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 대상자는 K도 A시에 소재한 11개의 지역아동센터 방문하는 아동 중 취약계층 아동으로 본 연구에 참여하고자 부모와 아동이 함께 서면 동의한 대상자로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win(ver. 22.0)프로그램을 이용하여 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation, stepwise multiple regression을 통계 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 취약계층 아동의 비만요인으로는 식이자기효능감, 부모의 양육 태도, 가족형태·편부모가정, 부모비만여부·한 부모비만이었고, 취약계측 아동의 이들 변수의 비만요인에 대한 설명력은 32%였다. 따라서 취약계층 아동의 비만형성을 예방하기 위해 아동의 식이자기효능감을 증진시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발할 필요성이 있겠다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 향후 취약계층 아동들이 가지는 환경적요인 즉 부모양육태도, 가족형태 등을 고려한 아동과 부모가 함께 참여할 수 있는 간호중재전략개발이 필요하다는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out problems in obesity management through survey and analysis of the actual conditions from the view of a elementary schools school-nurses and to establish fundamental data for efficient obesity management. The subjects for this study were 313 numbers of elementary school-nurses in Kyung-Sang-Pook-Do. The data were collected through mail questionaries from November 1 to November 30, 1997. The major findings in this survey were as follows: 49.8% of the school-nurses who responded in the survey were in their 30s. The average career was 7.3years. The average service duration in their present school was 2.3 years, 55.6% of them were serving at schools which have less than ten classes total 77.2% of them were serving rural areas, 79.6% of them were serving at schools with fewer than 100 obese students. The total obesity prevalence rate was 11.4%, 13.3% were girls, 9.3% were boys. The measurement of height and weight is performed once a year for all surveyed students (91.7%), but obese students were measured as much five times (51.1%). The rate of obesity management planning was 74.1%, however the rates of evaluation and role assignment were 41. 2%, and 24.3%. 79.6% of the surveyed schools have health education classes for obesity, the rate compared (8.0 periods per year) to the whole of health education (79.1 periods per year) is 10.1%. 99.9% of the schools had counseling rooms for obesity (combined with nursing rooms) but they were used. The roote of individual counseling was 84.3%. The frequency counseling was six times a year for about 15 minutes. Obesity counseling records were kept 93.6% of the time and individual information cards were kept 98.7% of the time. The frequency of parents counseling was 42.8% and the survey shows that the main problem here was insufficient counseling facilities. The frequency of dietary guidance and exercise therapy was 84.3% and the dietary instructor was usually the school nurse at 51.7%. The frequency of obesity student exercise was 1-2 times a week and more-than-10-minutes at a time. They skip rope during the morning self-study class. The number on problem of exercise guidance at 56.2% was students' non-cooperativeness. School-nurses, 87.9%, answered that obesity management at school is necessary and 86.9% mentioned the shortage of obesity related information in present physical exercise books. From the plural responses of executing the obesity management, there are many similar problems: lack of knowledge and non-cooperation in parents at 41.9%, is predominant followed by of knowledge and non-cooperation in the children. The third problem is the lack of funds and facilities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cocoa consumption is associated with health benefits due to its high content of polyphenols. However, the effects of short-term cocoa consumption remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effects generated by cocoa consumption (for 7 days) in young adults in normoweight and class II obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Before-and-after study was carried out in normoweight (NW) (n = 15) and class II obesity (CIIO) (n = 15) young adults. The NW and CIIO participants consumed 25 and 39 g of cocoa, respectively, per day for 7 days. The effect of cocoa consumption was evaluated on the lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. Oxidative damage was also examined by assessing the biomarkers of oxidative damage in plasma. In addition, recombinant human insulin was incubated with blood obtained from the participants, and the molecular damage to the hormone was analyzed. RESULTS: Cocoa consumption resulted in decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both groups (P = 0.04), while the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were maintained at the recommended levels. Initially, IR was detected in the CIIO group (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] = 4.78 ± 0.4), which is associated with molecular damage to insulin. Interestingly, intervention with cocoa resulted in improved IR (HOMA = 3.14 ± 0.31) (P = 0.0018) as well as molecular damage to insulin. Finally, cocoa consumption significant decreased the arginase activity (P = 0.0249) in the CIIO group; this is a critical enzymatic activity in the inflammatory process associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term consumption of cocoa improves the lipid profile, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and protects against oxidative damage. Results of this study indicate that cocoa consumption can potentially improve IR and restore a healthy redox status.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2009

Along with the increasing interests of modem-day society toward topics of health and beauty, various studies are being actively conducted on the effects of diet for obesity prevention, and separate from aspects of disease prevention and health promotion. This study aimed to examine individual perceptions of obesity by age, and to prepare basic data for implementing an age-based weight control system, by comparing attitudes toward weight control. The research and analysis were conducted using questionnaires, provided to high school students(teenagers, 189 students), college students(20 or older, 116 students), and adults(30 or over, 88 adults) living in Daegu City. In terms of the respondents' perceptions of obesity, among those who described themselves as overweight, only about 10% were actually proven to be overweight. Also, significantly more female students than male students perceived themselves as overweight, despite the fact that they were in a normal weight range(p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the cause of obesity by gender, but it was found to be attributed to a lack of exercise for teenagers, and poor eating habits for those in their twenties and thirties. Concerning the intention to participate in a weight management class, the female teenagers showed significantly more interest than the male teenagers(p<0.017). Also, with regard to the respondents' attitudes toward weight control, the teenage females showed significantly higher interest in weight control than the teenage males p<0.003 and those in their twenties p<0.001. Moreover, regarding the period in which the respondents became most interested in weight, the teenage male students were most interested in weight during their middle school years and teenage females became most interested during their high school years. Therefore, the information from this study leads us to propose there is a need to correct the suggested reckless dieting that is occurring within an appearance-based society, as well as a need to establish a systematic weight control system, along with gathering subsequent basic data.