• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.559-566
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• 2016

Software defined network (SDN) can effectively improve the performance of traffic engineering and will be widely used in backbone networks. Therefore, new energy-saving schemes must take SDN into consideration; this action is extremely important owing to the rapidly increasing energy consumption in telecom and Internet service provider (ISP) networks. Meanwhile, the introduction of SDN in current networks must be incremental in most cases, for technical and economic reasons. During this period, operators must manage hybrid networks in which SDN and traditional protocols coexist. In this study, we investigate the energy-efficient traffic engineering problem in hybrid SDN/Internet protocol (IP) networks. First, we formulate the mathematical optimization model considering the SDN/IP hybrid routing mode. The problem is NP-hard; therefore, we propose a fast heuristic algorithm named hybrid energy-aware traffic engineering (HEATE) as a solution. In our proposed HEATE algorithm, the IP routers perform shortest-path routing by using distributed open shortest path first (OSPF) link weight optimization. The SDNs perform multipath routing with traffic-flow splitting managed by the global SDN controller. The HEATE algorithm determines the optimal setting for the OSPF link weight and the splitting ratio of SDNs. Thus, the traffic flow is aggregated onto partial links, and the underutilized links can be turned off to save energy. Based on computer simulation results, we demonstrate that our algorithm achieves a significant improvement in energy efficiency in hybrid SDN/IP networks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.343-345
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• 2002

기존 능동 네트워크 기술 분야에서 능동 네트워크 라우팅은 정석인 토폴로지 구성을 가정하고 있다. 그렇지만 IP 라우팅 영역에서와 같이 능동 네트워크 영역에서도 능동 패킷의 네트러크 상태에 따른 동적인 라우팅이 이루어져야 한다. 현재까지 SLRP와 TCOM500 PLA 프로젝트와 같은 프로토콜들이 제시되어 있지만, 두 프로토콜 모두 정적으로 구성되어 있는 토폴로지를 기반으로 하기 때문에 완전하게 동적인 프로토콜은 아니다. 본 논문에서는 좀더 동적이고 기존 프로토콜과의 호환성을 갖춘 능동 네트워크 라우팅 프로토콜로서 AOSPF를 제안한다. AOSPF는 능동 네트워크 라우팅을 위해 새로운 LSA를 추가함으로서 OSPF를 확장한 것이다. 새로운 LSA는 해당 라우터가 능동 라우터임을 명시하며, 이를 위해 LSA 패킷내의 OPTION 필드를 가운데 사용되고 있지 않은 비트 가운데 하나를 능등 라우터 명시 비트로 사용한다. 이러한 개념은 멀티캐스트를 위해 OSPF를 확장한 것으로부터 가져왔다. 본 논문에서는 AOSPF의 동작 과정과 AOSPF를 통해 구성된 능동 네트워클 토폴로지 정보를 기반으로 하는 능동 패킷의 전단 방법에 대해 기술한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.678-683
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• 2003

This study presents a result of performance with the design of network topology for voice and data integration under computer network. This network is consisted of FastEthernet, other LANs and ATM WAN(wide area network), and performance evaluation of delay in a PBX+IP network, delay in a VoIP network and delay in a IP+ATM network will be shown. We use parameters including network bandwidth, number of packet, routing protocol(IGRP, OSPF). We simulate integrated of voice and data used PBX. we will study further about the case of integrated of voice and data environments using PBX. and, evaluate IP+ATM WAN average measured network delay and average delay of VoIP network.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.241-260
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• 2011

In earlier days, most of the data carried on communication networks was textual data requiring limited bandwidth. With the rise of multimedia and network technologies, the bandwidth requirements of data have increased considerably. If a network link at any time is not able to meet the minimum bandwidth requirement of data, data transmission at that path becomes difficult, which leads to network congestion. This causes delay in data transmission and might also lead to packet drops in the network. The retransmission of these lost packets would aggravate the situation and jam the network. In this paper, we aim at providing a solution to the problem of network congestion in mobile ad hoc networks [1, 2] by designing a protocol that performs routing intelligently and minimizes the delay in data transmission. Our Objective is to move the traffic away from the shortest path obtained by a suitable shortest path calculation algorithm to a less congested path so as to minimize the number of packet drops during data transmission and to avoid unnecessary delay. For this we have proposed a protocol named as Congestion Aware Selection Of Path With Efficient Routing (CASPER). Here, a router runs the shortest path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. The proposed protocol has been compared with two link state protocols namely, OSPF [3, 4] and OLSR [5, 6, 7, 8].The results achieved show that our protocol performs better in terms of network throughput and transmission delay in case of bulky data transmission.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1088-1094
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• 2021

This paper proposes a partial BMA (Broadcasting Multiple Access) network structure and D-ARP (Distributed Address Resolution Protocol) method in order to support full mesh routing function in the DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access)-based MF-TDMA (Multi Frequency-Time Division Multiple Access) satellite system. The partial BMA network enables legacy router devices and routing protocols to be adopted in the satellite communication system, and decreases the amount of routing protocol overhead. In addition, we introduce the D-ARP method that help a spoke satellite node acquiring the MAC (Media Access Control) address from remote satellite nodes in none BMA satellite network. The D-ARP method provides the MAC address of remote nodes to each other nodes through the broadcasting-enabled satellite channel. And we lastly evaluate and analysis the network performance of the proposed approach.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.1115-1118
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• 2002

최근 해킹 기술이 다양화되고, 사용하기 손쉬운 해킹 툴들이 개발되고 확산되면서, 라우팅 프로토콜의 취약점을 이용한 해킹 사례 또한 급증하고 있다. 이는 RIP, OSPF, BGP 등의 초기 인터넷 라우팅 프로토콜이 보안에 대한 고려 없이 설계되어서, 이에 대한 간단한 패스워드 및 MD5 인증 등의 보완책으로 등장한 RIPv2, OSPFv2 BGPv4 등도 그 취약성을 계승하고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 현재의 전반적인 라우팅 프로토콜에 문제점을 파악하고, 이를 해결하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 취약사항들을 이용한 위협 모델들을 분석하고, 이들 위협으로부터 미리 방비할 수 있도록 진단할 수 있는 시스템을 설계 및 구현에 대한 방법을 제시한다.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.18-22
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• 2014

Satellite communications consist of communications between base stations of the ground and satellites. For efficient satellite communications, ground networks should be organically utilized. Grid networks are frequently used in and outside the country for wireless communications. The performance of wireless communications is determined by mobility, topography, and jamming signals. Therefore, continuous studies of grid networks are necessary for the utilization of next period satellite networks. Since military communications are used based on wireless systems, they can be considered as a sample of utilization of grid networks. Therefore, this paper presented the results of simulations conducted for the improvement of the performance of the grid networks used in military communications that employing the OSPF, a popular routing protocol for military applications. First we investigate the effects of changing the bit error rate (BER) and number of routers. Then we discuss the effects of maximum segment size (MSS) on network behavior and stability. In this way, we can determine the appropriate MSS for a grid network under various values of BER and number of routers. Such results can be also applied to commercial grid network evaluations.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

Increase of data traffic and the advent of new real-time services require to change from the traditional TDM-based (Time Division Multiplexing) networks to the optical networks that soft and dynamic configuration. Voice and lease line services are main service area of the traditional TDM-based networks. This optical network became main infrastructure that offer many channel that can convey data, video, and voice. To provide high resilience against failures, Packet-optical networks must have an ability to maintain an acceptable level of service during network failures. Fast and resource optimized lightpath restoration strategies are urgent requirements for the near future Packet-optical networks with a Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching(GMPLS) control plane. The goal of this paper is to provide packet-optical network with a hierarchical multi-layer recovery in order to fast and coordinated restoration in packet-optical network/GMPLS, focusing on new implementation information. The proposed schemes do not need an extension of optical network signaling (routing) protocols for support.