• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.795-799
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• 2008

We have studied bioremediation of effective microorganisms on crude oil spill in Taean, west-coast of Korea. Oil contaminated soil samples were collected on December 14, 2007, seven days after the Hebei Spirit oil-spilled accident. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was measured to evaluate the effectiveness of effective microorganisms (EM) which were composed with yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria on oil degradation. TPH concentration before EM treatment was 323.8 mg/kg, whereas TPH concentrations on 2 days after EM treatment and that of control (without EM) was 102.1 mg/kg and 170.6 mg/kg, respectively. On six days after EM treatment TPH was 91.3 mg/kg and that of control was 127.7 mg/kg. Percentages of degraded crude oil were 47.3% without EM and 68.5% with EM, 60.6% without EM and 71.8% with EM on 2 and 6 days after EM treatment, respectively. These results clearly showed that the application of effective microorganisms toward oil-contaminated soil was quite useful to degrade crude oil spill. These results were derived from the effects of biostimulation of microbial media nutrients and bioaugmentation of effective microorganisms. If we carefully apply these effective microorganisms, it can be a useful bioremediation method to recover oil-contaminated marine ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 1993

The changes in the concentration of toropherol and carotenoid in pinenut oil at various stage of refining are studied during autoxidation. The oxidative stability of pinenut oil decreased with the refining degree increased. The tocopheol content of total crude oil was 55.51mg/100g oil and $\alpha$, ${\gamma}$and $\beta$-tocopherol in the crude oil were 25.48mg, 23.94mg and 6.99mg in order, respectively. The amount of $\delta$-tocopherol was trace. The concentrations of $\alpha$, ${\gamma}$ and $\beta$-tocopherol in pinenut oil after degumming or alkaline refining were 23. 85mg, 19.79mg and 6.12mg or 24.08mg, 24.04mg and 5.33mg, respectively. The content of f-carotene was 0.63% of total unsaponifiable materials and that of lycopene was trace. The concentrations of carotenoids and toropherols in pinenut oil decreased while autoxidation progressed. Degrees of destruction of carotenoids and toropherols. were significant at first stage of oxidation. Decrease in $\alpha$-toropherol was found to be faster than that in $\alpha$, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol during oxidation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.770-780
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• 2001

This quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of back massage with Lavender essence oil on the stress response of the ICU nurses. Method: Twenty nurses were selected as an experimental group and twenty nurses were in the control group. Lavender essence oil mixed with Jojova carrier oil was used to massage the neck, shoulder, back, and low back. Massage was done three times a week for 20 minutes for 2 weeks by the massage therapist. The stress response was measured with a subjective stress score, Cortisol and IgA level in saliva. The cortisol level in saliva was analyzed by an radioimmunoassay before and after back massage. The level of IgA in saliva was analyzed by an immunoturbidimeter assay and subjective stress scores was measured by Visual Analogue Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS 8.0 and the hypotheses were tested by ANCOVA and the Pearson coefficient correlation. Result: 1) Score of subjective stress decreased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 2) Level of Cortisol in saliva did not change significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 3) Level of IgA in saliva increased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 4) After the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil, there was significant negative correlation between subjective stress and level of IgA in saliva. Conclusion: Back massage with Lavender essence oil is an effective intervention to reduce the stress response in the ICU nurses.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.696-701
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• 1999

The enzymatic hydrolysis of Castor oil for the mass production of ricinoleic acid was studied to find out the optimum conditions such as solvents and the weight ratio of substrate to enzyme. Three different lipases were tested for the hydrolysis of castor oil: lipase from Porcine Pancrease(lipsase PP), lipase from Candida cylindracea(lipase CC), lipase from Candida Rugosa(lipase CR). The poor mass transfer in water caused a low degree of hydrolysis of castor oil. To overcome this problem, organic solvents were used. Among organic solvents tested, hydrophobic solvents gave better results of hydrolysis than hydrophilic solvents. Organic solvents also lowered or changed the effect of pH. Isopropyl ether made complete hydrolysis of castor oil. The ratio of water to isopropyl ether and the ratio of weight ratio of lipase to castor oil were important for the hydrolysis of castor oil. At 30$^{\circ}C$ castor oil was completely hydrolyzed by 4 wt% of lipase in the mixture of isopropyl ether and water(1:1 in volume).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2010

Aphids are one of the major pests in agricultural crops. A number of synthetic pesticides have been used for control of aphids in agriculture, but increasing public concerns over their adverse effects on the environment have required more environmentally-friendly methods for pest management. In this study, we examined plant oil formulations for the control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Oil formulations were prepared by hydrolyzing the plant oils in ethanolic KOH solution and diluted at the rate of 1:500 for aphid control. The oil formulations showed aphid mortalities ranging from 24.44 to 43.33% in vitro. Significantly increased aphid mortalities were observed by the treatment of oil formulations combined with low-dosed imidacloprid. No significant difference in the aphid mortality was observed between the oil formulations. Mass spectrometry analyses of aphids treated with the low dosedimidacloprid plus the plant oil formulations detected similar concentrations of imidacloprid between the treatments. In field trial bioassays against aphids, significantly decreased aphid population were observed in the pepper plants treated with soybean oil formulation combined with the low-dosed imidacloprid, while aphid population dramatically increased in the pepper plants treated with the low-dosed imidacloprid alone. These results suggested that the plant oil formulations can be used as an environmentally-friendly method for enhancing the insecticidal effectiveness, which may play a role in reducing the use of synthetic pesticide in agriculture.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.805-814
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• 2013

Lotus root, dried laver, and perilla leaf bugak, Korean traditional fried cuisine, were prepared with fermented glutinous rice batter and unroasted sesame oil or wheat flour batter and soybean oil and their physicochemical characteristics was evaluated. Bugak with fermented glutinous rice batter and unroasted sesame oil showed higher hardness, possibly brittleness than bugak with wheat flour batter and soybean oil. Oil absorption was higher in bugak with fermented glutinous rice batter and unroasted sesame oil than bugak with wheat flour batter and soybean oil, however, the lipid oxidation, evaluated by conjugated dienoic acid and p-anisidine values, was significantly lower in bugak with fermented glutinous rice batter and unroasted sesame oil. Frying oil strongly influenced the degree of lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of bugak lipid. Different preparation of bugak did not show great effects on the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids of dried laver and perilla leaf bugak, possibly due to protection by rice or wheat flour batter coating.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.883-889
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• 2008

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been identified as an important component of atherosclerosis. In this study, the effects of supplementation with cholesterol (0.5%), olive oil (5%) and vitamin E (0.05%) on erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol, HDL-LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol, brain and liver MDA and GSH concentrations of rats were investigated. A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 6 months, and of equal body weight were used and fed a standard ration ad libitum. Animals were housed in the University of Selcuk, Veterinary Faculty Experimental Animals Unit. The experiment lasted 60 days and there were five experimental groups as follows: 1. Control, 2. Cholesterol (0.5%), 3. Olive oil (5%), 4. Cholesterol plus vitamin E (0.05%), 5. Olive oil plus vitamin E (0.05%). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and erythrocyte GSH, plasma MDA, cholesterol, HDL-LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol and also GSH and MDA concentrations in brain and liver tissue of rats were spectrophotometrically determined. Supplementation of olive oil and cholesterol into rat diets (groups 2 and 3) caused significant differences in lipid parameters; HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased in the olive oil group and LDL cholesterol was lower than in the cholesterol fed group. Moreover, these decreases in LDL and triacylglycerol concentrations were more significant with vitamin E supplementation. The high plasma MDA concentrations showed that lipid peroxidation occurred in the olive oil group and the highest brain MDA concentrations were determined also in the olive oil group. These findings suggest that vitamin E addition may decrease the sensitivities of several oils to oxidation and that monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil may decrease the incidence of atherosclerosis by regulating blood lipid profiles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on the semen characteristics of the Markhoz buck. Sixteen bucks were randomly allocated into 4 groups and received four different diets: unsupplemented control diet, supplemented with fish oil at 2.50% dry matter (DM), supplemented with fish oil (2.50% DM) and vitamin E (0.30 g/kg DM), and supplemented with vitamin E (0.30 g/kg DM). All experimental diets were formulated according to AFRC (1998). Semen was collected at 14 d intervals from June 17, 2006 to September 2, 2006. Semen characteristics were evaluated. Significant effects (p<0.05) of the week (sampling time) were observed for all parameters except semen volume. Also a significant effect (p<0.05) of dietary treatment was observed for all parameters except for percent sperm with normal morphologies and semen volume. Fish oil supplementation with excess vitamin E had a significant effect (p<0.05) on total number and sperm density, motility and progressive motility, percentage viability and dead sperm. The interaction between fish oil feeding and sampling time was significant (p<0.05) for all of the parameters. The bucks that received fish oil in association with vitamin E, effect fish oil showed the greatest improvement in semen characteristics compared with the other groups (p<0.05). This study showed that fish oil supplementation with vitamin E may have a beneficial effect on the semen quality and fertility of Markhoz bucks.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1990

Influence of mixing ratio of blending oil (rice bran oil : RBD palm olein = 1 : 1, 1 : 4 mixture: w/w) and natural tocopherol, citric acid, and sodium polyphosphate on enhancement of oxidation stability of blending oil under the condition of tap water infulx(1 ml/min/200g oil) were compared by AOM test after heating these system at l80$^{\circ}C$. In addition, the effects of tocopherol, and synergist on oxidition stability were also tested with potato chips fried with blending oil(1 : 4 mixture). The result obtained were as followes; 1. The test of RBD palm olein addition of 50% and 80% against rice bran oil on oxidation stability showed that the higher the palm olein contents in blending oil, the higher the oxidation stability. 2. The test of oxidation stability, adding l00ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm of natural tocopherol in two different types of blending oils, A(1 : 1 mixture) and B(1 : 4 mixture), disclosed that blending oil B was more positively effective, and this trend was superior at 200ppm level particularly, Furthermore, oxidation stability was enhanced remarkably upon addition of 100ppm of natural tocopherol, and 50ppm of citric acid together with 50ppm, 100ppm and 200ppm of sodium polyphosphate in general. Especially, 200ppm of sodium polyphosphate addition induced the most synergetic effect on oxidation stability showing as much as 3 times compare to control. 3. The results of oxidation stability obtained by peroxide value on potato chips fried with blending oil (1:4 mixture} added tocopherol, citric acid and sodium polyphosphate and preserved at $60^{\circ}C$ revealed that addition of tocopherol and 50ppm of citric acid together with 200ppm of sodium polyphosphate treatment was the most synergistic coinciding with AOM test results.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.230-233
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• 2000

The present work was designed to determine whether change in fluidity of the mitochondrial membrane affects mitochondrial {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase characteristics in NIDDM-prone BHE/Cdb rat. Isolated mitochondria fom BHE/Cdb rat fed a 6% coconut oil or corn oil were functionally tested by an analysis of its respiration and the coupling of this process to ATP synthesis in presence of oligomycin, a specific inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), that binds to the {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase. Mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil were more responsive to the inhibitory action of oligomycin with respect to state 3 respiration, respiratory control (RC) ratio and ADP:P (P/O) ratio than were mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. In state 3 respiration, mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil consumed less oxygen than did mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. RC ratio was lower in the mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil than was mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. In P/O ratio, the mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil had a lower P/O ratio than did mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. The data showed that the chang influidity of the mitochondrial membrane by dietary fat affected mitochondrial {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase characteristics. The present study on diet differences in {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase characteristics provides considerable insight into the role diets play in the control of mitochondrial function, expecially OXPHOS in NIDDM with mitochondrial defects.