• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare the DM intake, the digestibility, and the utilization of nitrogen and energy of Korean native goats, when fed on orchardgrass supplemented with alfalfa or birdsfoot trefoil. Experimental diets included three treatments: orchardgrass(OG) 100%, orchardgrass 6%+alfalfa(AA) 40%(OG+AA), and orchardgrass 60%+birdsfoot trefoil(BT) 40%(OG+BT). The CP content was higher for OG+AA and OG+BT diets than for OG diets(P<0.05). The NDF content was high in OG diets(P<0.05) and the lignin content was high in OG+BT diets(P<0.05), but the ADF content did not differ among all diets. The DM intake and the digestibility of OM and cellular constituents were higher for OG+AA diets than for OG diets(P<0.05), but the NDF and ADF digestibility were not significant difference among all diets. The apparently digested N was higher for OG+AA diets than for other diets(P<0.05). However, the retained N % and biological value were higher for OG+BT diets than for OG diets(P<0.05), but those were not differ between OG+AA and OG+BT diets. On the other hand, the utilization of DE and ME did not show the difference among all diets. Based on the results, the utilization of nitrogen and energy was more improved for legume supplemented diets(AA, BT) than for OG diets(P<0.05). Furthermore, the utilization of nitrogen was slightly more improved for OG+BT diets than for OG+AA diets, but the significantly difference was not observed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1993

The objectives of this experiment were to suggest that the suitable mixture type for the herbage use under an intensive system of short-term pasture utilization in fallow land. The field trials were conducted over a 3-year (1989∼1991) period to evaluate the effects of mixture types (pure stands; orchardgrass (OG), simple mixtures; orchardgrass (OG) + red clover (RC), and complex mixtures (C. Mix; orchardgrass + tall fescue + Kentucky bluegrass + ladino clover) on the herbage yield and quality. Mean total dry matter yields per hectare over the three years were higher for OG + RC as 11,849 kg than for OG as 10,709 kg and for C. Mix as 11,371 kg (P<0.05). The concentrations of crude protein were not different among treatments while the concentrations of organic matter digestibility in total herbage over the three years from OG + RC were higher than OG (P<0.05). The total herbage crude protein yields were higher for OG + RC as 2,231 kg than for OG as 1,816 kg and for C. Mix as 2,053 kg (P<0.01). The total herbage digestible organic matter yields were higher for OG + RC as 7,147 kg than for OG as 6,116 kg and for C. Mix as 6,817 kg (P<0.05). On the other hand, organic matter intake per kg were different among the treatments, while organic matter intake per live weight kg from OG + RC as 338 g and C. Mix as 392 g were higher than from OG as 377 g (P<0.01). From the results, it could be considered that OG + RC simple mixture was suitable for the intensive short-term pasture utilization in the fallow land.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.791-797
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• 2014

Sixty-two conserved orthologous groups (OGs) of proteins, in 63 prokaryotes and seven eukaryotes were analyzed to identify essential proteins in the mitochondria of eukaryotes, and their counterparts in prokaryotes. Twenty OGs were common in eukaryotic mitochondria, and all were translation related. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, an obligate parasitic eukaryote, shares no common mitochondrial OGs with the other 69 organisms. Seventeen conserved OGs were mitochondria related in the 69 organisms. Mitochondria related- and nonrelated-OGs were divided into prokaryotic genomes (p<0.001, paired t-test) unlike eukaryotic genomes in the distance value analysis. The most commonly conserved mitochondria-related OG was COG0048-KOG1750 (ribosomal small subunit S12), whereas it was COG0100-KOG0407 (ribosomal small subunit S11) in nonrelated OGs. These results could be applied in scientific research to determine phylogenetic relationships and in areas such as drug development.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.353-361
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• 2017

Uranium concentration in groundwater of the Goesan area was anticipated high because the area contains Ogcheon metamorphic rock zone which partly includes coal bed bearing high uranium content and nearly half of the area is covered by granitic rocks. Groundwater samples collected from 250 wells in five 5 lithology (Ogcheon meta-sandy rock zone (Og1), Ogcheon lower phyllite zone (Og2), Ogcheon pebble bearing phyllite zone (Og3), Jurassic granite (Jgr), Cretaceous granite (Kgr)), of the area were analyzed and equivalent uranium concentrations (e(U)) from 200 rocks near sampled wells were measured using portable gamma spectrometry. Higher median value of e(U) (8.2 mg/kg) was found on Kgr outcrops. The median e(U) value of Og2 was not as high as that of Kgr and similar to those of Jgr, Og1, and Og3 (3.05~3.90 mg/kg). The uranium level in groundwater of the area ranged from 0.01 to $293.0{\mu}g/L$ with a median value of $0.87{\mu}g/L$ which is similar to the national median uranium level of $0.74{\mu}g/L$. The uranium concentration was high in the samples from the Kgr (median $4.74{\mu}g/L$) and low samples from the Og1, Og2, and Og3 (median $0.35{\sim}0.74{\mu}g/L$). The percentage of total samples having uranium level above $30{\mu}g/L$ was 2.8%, on the other hand, that of Kgr is 20.7%, reflecting additional survey on the Kgr area is needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 1995

The competition relationship between orchardgrass(Docflis glomerutu L. cv; Potomac) and red clover (Trifnlium prurense L. cv; Kenland) was investigated under the pure and mixed swards. Each species were grown in intra- and interspecific competition in pots and fields for 2-years. Intra- and interspecific competition were evaluated by calculating traditional methods; expected yield, relative yield total(RYT), aggressivity and compensation index(CI), and shoot and root dry matter production in the orchadgrass(ffi) pure, red clover(RC) pure and orchardgrdss(W)-red clover(RC) mixed sward. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Compared to OG and RC pure swards, the shoot and root dry maaer(DM) yield of OG-RC mixed sward were higher and more deeply rooted under the soil than those of OG and RC pure sward. Also, the number of tillen per plant of OG in the OG-RC mixed sward was less than that of OG pure sward, but that of RC in the OGRC mixed sward was more than that of RC pure sward. OG-RC mixed sward were evaluated as a productive sward type compared to OG and RC pure swards in that actual yield was higher than expect yield and that relative yield total(RYT), and compensation index(C1) were high. As mentioned above, compared to intraspecific competition as a OG and RC pure sward, interspecific competition as a OG-RC mixed sward was evaluated to productive type under the ffi and RC species utilization

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.379-383
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• 2017

A study on the low Earth orbit (LEO) space environment have been conducted as a use of composites have increased. Among the LEO environmental factors, atomic oxygen is one of the most critical factors because atomic oxygen can react and erode a surface of polymer-based composite materials. POSS (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) materials have been widely studied as an atomic oxygen-resistant nanomaterial. In this study, nanocomposites, which are composed of OG (Octaglycidyldimethylsilyl) POSS nanomaterials and DGEBA/DDM epoxy, were fabricated to find out its thermal and mechanical properties. FT-IR results showed that the nanocomposites were fully cured and contained OG POSS enough. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were performed to measure the thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The initial mass loss temperature and char yield were increased through the filling of OG POSS. As the content of OG POSS increased, glass transition temperature tended to increase to 5 wt.% of OG POSS, but the temperature decreased significantly at 10 wt.% of OG POSS. The tensile test results showed that the content of OG POSS did not affect tensile strength and tensile stiffness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 1995

The objective of this experiment was to compare the dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, nitrogen and energy utilization of hehage among the orchardgrass(OG) pure, orchardgrass(OG)-red clover(RC) mixture and complex rnixtures(C. mix) by Korean native goat. The results obtained were surnmerized as follows: 1. Crude protein(CP) content was higher in OG-RC and C. Mix diets than in OG pure diets(P<0.05). NDF content was higher in OG pure diets than other diets(P<0.05). But ADF, Lignin contents and gross energy did not differ among all diets. 2. Dry matter intake by Korean native goat tend to be high in OG-RC diets, and low in OG pure diets. But there was no significant difference statistically. Dry matter and cellular constituents digestibilities were higher for OG-RC and C. Mix diets than OG pure diet, but CP and NDF digestibilities were no significant difference among diets. 3. The amount of nitrogen consumed amount by Korean native goat in the OG-RC diet was higher than other diets. But, due to largely relative urinary and fecal nitrogen loss, Apparrently digested nitrogen and retained nitrogen percents were not significant difference among diets. 4. The amount of energy consumed by Korean native goat in OG-RC diet was higher than other diets. But, due to largely relative urinary and fecal energy loss, digestable energy percent was lower than C. Mix diets. But.metabolic energy percent was no significant difference among diets. Therefore, there was no significant differences among sward types for the utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.105-105
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• 1999

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.461-468
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• 2019

Gamma-radiation dose rates were measured at 77 points around the Ogcheon lower phyllite zone (og2) in Goesan County, Korea, using gamma-ray spectrometry. Sample K contents were in the range 1.8-8.8% (average 4.6%), highest in Kgr. The eU contents were 0.2-217.9 ppm (average 16.7 ppm), highest in og2 (median 29.6 ppm). The eTh contents were 11.9-76.5 ppm (average 29.5 ppm) and the average eTh content of Kgr was 45.4 ppm, higher than those of Ogcheon meta-sedimentary rocks (og1, og2, and og3) (26.6-30.6 ppm). Except for some high-uranium sites in og2, ⁴⁰K is the main radioactive material contributing to the gamma-radiation dose in the study area. Our results indicate that the outdoor effective dose rate of the area is 0.08-1.71 mSv y^-1 (average 0.28 mSv y^-1), with most areas apart from three points in og2 displaying dose rates <1 mSv y^-1, which is the normal natural radiation background level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2006

This study examined the effect of cane molasses and fermentation time on chemical composition and characteristics of oat grass silage (OGS) and its in situ digestion kinetics, intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Oat grass (OG) harvested at 50-days of age was ensiled in laboratory silos with cane molasses at the rate of 0, 2, 4 and 6% of OG dry matter (DM) for 30, 35 and 40 days. Silage pH was decreased while lactic acid content increased with increasing level of cane molasses and fermentation time. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and true protein (TP) content of OGS were (p<0.05) significantly higher with higher cane molasses levels. However, they were not affected by the fermentation time. Similar trends were observed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, acid detergent lignin and ash content of OGS. The OG ensiled for 30-days with 2% molasses was screened from laboratory study and used to determine comparative in situ DM and NDF digestion kinetics of OG and its silage. In situ DM and NDF digestibilities of OG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than OGS. Ruminal DM and NDF lag time, rate and extent of digestion of OG and its silage were similar. Two experimental diets of OG and OGS were formulated using 75:25 forage to concentrate ratio on a DM basis. Dry matter and CP intakes were similar in lactating buffaloes fed either OG- or OGS-based diets. However, NDF intake was higher in buffaloes fed the OG-compared with OGS-based diet. Apparent DM, CP and NDF digestibilities were similar in lactating buffaloes fed either OG- or OGS-based diets. Milk yield (4% FCM) was similar in buffaloes fed either OG-(10.3 kg/d) or OGS-(9.95 kg/d) based diets. Milk fat, total solids and true protein content were higher with OG compared with the OGS diet. Solids not fat and CP content were similar in milk of buffalo fed either OG or OGS. The results of this study indicate that OG ensiled with 2% molasses could safely replace 75% DM of green oat fodder in the diets of lactating buffaloes without negatively affecting intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition.