• 임상간호연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the nurse staffing level and the patient mortality using Korean National Health Insurance data. Methods: The data of 1,068,059 patients from 913 hospitals between 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. The nurse staffing level was categorized based on the bed-to-nurse ratio in general wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and hospitals overall. The x² test and generalized estimating equations (GEE) multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality after admission. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.9% and 30-day mortality after admission rate was 3.0%. Odd Ratios (ORs) for in-hospital mortality were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.63~0.84) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.88 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66~0.92). ORs for 30-day mortality after admission were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.73~0.94) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.63 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.72~1.00). Conclusion: To reduce the patient mortality, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of nurses by improving the nursing fee system according to the nurse staffing level.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2022

본 연구는 COVID-19 상황에서 기본간호학 실습 교과목의 블렌디드 러닝 수업에 대한 경험을 이해하고자 시도된 질적연구이다. 간호대학생 18명이 참여한 본 연구는 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 통해 자료수집을 진행하였으며, 블렌디드 러닝 수업의 운영은 홀수주차는 비대면 온라인 학습, 짝수주차는 대면실습 방식으로 구성하여 14주차 까지 진행 되었고, 수집된 자료는 내용분석 방법을 활용하여 분석되었다. 분석결과 총 250개의 진술이 유의미하게 추출되었고, 8개의 하위범주와 4개의 상위범주, 2개의 주제로 분석되었다. 도출된 4개의 상위범주는 '갑작스러운 수업방식 변경에 대한 부적응', '학습 능률 저하와 수업의 혼돈', '온라인 수업에 대한 양가감정', '새로운 학습법에 대한 긍정적인 경험' 으로 진술되었다. 본 연구는 온택트 시대 간호대학생을 위한 기본간호학 실습 블렌디드 러닝수업에 관련한 유용한 정보를 제공함으로써 블렌디드 러닝 수업 운영 프로그램 개발, 다양한 실습교과목 적용을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2022

Purpose: A group of patients who were hospitalized for diabetic foot ulcers was classified according to the University of Texas Staging System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers, and we attempted to evaluate whether this staging system could be a criterion for treatment success using vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients were diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers according to the University of Texas Staging System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Of these, 24 patients who were evaluated as stage B according to the staging system were classified as Group 1, and 8 patients in stage D were classified as Group 2. After applying VAC, the treatment success rate was compared by evaluating the size and severity of ulcers between the two groups. Results: The grade of granulation after VAC was on average 3.75±0.53 in Group 1 and 2.25±0.71 in Group 2. There was better granulation after VAC application in Group 1 (p<0.01). The success rate of the treatment was 22 cases (91.67%) in Group 1 and one case (12.5%) in Group 2. Thus there were statistically significant differences in the success rate of treatment between groups 1 and 2 (Pearson's chisquare test, p=0.01; odd ratio 77.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26~14.66; relative risk 4.30, 95% CI 1.26~14.66). Conclusion: These results suggest that there was a higher success rate of treatment with VAC in stage B patients. The University of Texas Staging System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers can thus be an index for applying VAC to patients with infective diabetic foot ulcers.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2022

모유의 지질대사체에 대한 연구는 축산유래 유제품의 경우와 비교하여 매우 제한적으로 이루어져 있다. 본 연구는 지용성 대사체 연구의 선행연구로서, 모유중 극성 및 비극성 지질 중의 주요 지방산 조성에 대한 세부적 정량법 및 구조동정을 목적으로 수행되었다. 인지질을 포함한 극성 지질과 비극성 지질의 분리를 위하여 silica gel을 활용한 정제법을 개발하였으며, 효과적인 methyl ester 및 pyridylcarbinol ester 유도체화 방법을 적용하여 개별 분획의 세부적 지방산조성을 분석한 결과, 16 종의 필수지방산을 확인하였으며, 이와 함께 29 종의 미량 지방산이 확인되어, 구조 분석을 실시하였다. 측쇄 지방산의 경우, 15-18 개의 탄소를 보유한 iso 및 anteiso 지방산이 주요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

Global efforts to identify groups at high risk for schistosomiasis have mainly concentrated on identifying their geographical distribution. Investigations on the socioeconomic characteristics of high-risk groups are relatively scarce. This study aimed to explore the associations between schistosomiasis among students and their parents' occupations. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting 105,167 students in 1,772 primary schools across Sudan in 2017. From these students, 100,726 urine and 96,634 stool samples were collected to test for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infection. A multi-level mixed effect analysis was used with age and sex as fixed factors, and school as a random factor. The odd ratios (ORs) of practicing open defecation among farmers' children were almost 5 times higher than their counterparts whose parents were government officials (OR=4.97, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 4.57-5.42, P<0.001). The ORs of contacting water bodies for watering livestock among farmers' children were more than 4 times higher than those of children whose parents were government officials (OR=4.59, 95% CIs: 4.02-5.24, P<0.001). This study shows that schistosomiasis represents a disease of poverty and that farmers' children constituted a high-risk group.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2022

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of increasing supplementation of Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) up to 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma for growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility of diets fed to nursery pigs. Methods: Twenty-four pigs weaned at 24 d of age (initial body weight at 7.2±0.6 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized complete block. The diets with supplementation of YL (0.0%, 1.5%, and 3.0%, replacing poultry fat and blood plasma up to 1.6% and 0.9%, respectively) were fed for 21 d. Feed intake and body weight were recorded at d 0, 10, and 21. Fecal score was recorded at every odd day from d 3 to 19. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect proximal and distal jejunal mucosa to measure intestinal health markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G. Ileal digesta was collected for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Results: Supplementation of YL (1.5% and 3.0%) replacing poultry fat and blood plasma did not affect growth performance, fecal score and intestinal health. Supplementation of YL at 1.5% did not affect nutrient digestibility, whereas supplementation of YL at 3.0% reduced AID of dry matter (40.2% to 55.0%), gross energy (44.0% to 57.5%), crude protein (52.1% to 66.1%), and ether extract (50.8% to 66.9%) compared to diets without supplementation. Conclusion: Yarrowia lipolytica can be supplemented at 1.5% in nursery diets, replacing 0.8% poultry fat and 0.45% blood plasma without affecting growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility. Supplementation of YL at 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma did not affect growth performance and intestinal health, whereas nutrient digestibility was reduced.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to compare the characteristics of patients with pathogen-positive and negative cultures, and to investigate factors predicting pathogen-positive culture results in patients of acute poisoning with suspected aspiration. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute poisoning admitted to an intensive care unit between January 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively studied. Respiratory specimens were collected from the enrolled patients at the time of the suspected aspiration. We compared the characteristics of patients with pathogen-positive and negative culture results and analyzed the causative pathogens. Results: Among the 526 patients, 325 showed no clinical features that could be attributed to aspiration, and 201 patients had clinical features suggestive of aspiration. Of these, 113 patients had pathogen-positive culture, 61 were negative, and the specimens of 27 patients contained poor-quality sputum. In univariate analysis, patients with a positive culture showed a longer time to culture from ingestion (p=0.01), faster heart rate (p=0.01), and higher partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂) (p=0.02) than patients with negative culture. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PaO₂/FiO₂ (adjusted odd ratio, 1.005; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-1.008; p=0.005) was a significant risk factor for pathogen-positive culture. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PaO₂/FiO₂ was 0.591 (95% CI, 0.510-0.669, p=0.05). Gram-negative pathogens (GNPs) were predominant and at least one GNP was observed in 84 (73.3%) patients among those with pathogen positive culture. Conclusion: We failed to find any clinical factors associated with positive culture results. Antibiotics that cover GNPs could be considered when deciding the initial antibiotic regimen at the time of suspected aspiration.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.164-180
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shenfu injection on myocardial protective effects after mitral valve replacement surgery. Methods: We searched four international databases (PUBMED, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI) and three domestic electronic databases (OASIS, RISS and NDSL) for relevant studies. We used following keywords 'shenfu', 'valve replacement', 'mitral valve' at PUBMED, Embase and Web of Science; '二尖瓣', '参附注射液', '瓣膜' at CNKI and '이첨판', '판막', '삼부' at domestic databases. The search range included randomized controlled trials. When appropriate, meta-analyses were performed. Results: Seven randomized controlled trials were selected. All studies used Shenfu injection after mitral valve replacement surgery. We analyzed myocardial damage, cardiac function, patients' recovery rate, with various evaluation indicators. We also used meta-analysis for CK-MB, cTnI, MDA and voluntary recovery of heartbeat. CK-MB was analyzed in two subgroups: 8 hours and 24 hours after surgery. Std was -2.34(95% CI -4.10, -0.58) for 8 hours and -1.95(95% CI -4.79 to 0.88) for 24 hours. 8 hours showed statistically significant difference. cTnI appeared significant decrease with Std of -2.13(95% CI -2.60, -1.66). MDA showed significant decrease with Std of -0.95(95% CI -1.43 to -0.47). Voluntary recovery of heartbeat significantly increased with the odd ratio of 4.34(95% CI 1.76, 10.70). Conclusions: We suggest that Shenfu injection after Mitral valve replacement surgery may have significant myocardial protective effects in terms of reducing myocardial damages, reactive oxygen species, increasing cardiac function and patients' recovery after surgery. However, the evidence is limited, further research is required.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1611-1633
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• 2022

At EUROCRYPT 2019, a new block cipher algorithm called BISON was proposed by Canteaut et al. which uses a novel structure named as Whitened Swap-Or-Not (WSN). Unlike the traditional wide trail strategy, the differential and linear properties of this algorithm can be easily determined. However, the encryption speed of the BISON algorithm is quite low due to a large number of iterative rounds needed to ensure certain security margins. Commonly, denoting by n is the data block length, this design requires 3n encryption rounds. Moreover, the block size n of BISON is always odd, which is not convenient for operations performed on a byte level. In order to overcome these issues, we propose a new block cipher, named DBISON, which more efficiently employs the ideas of double layers typical to the BISON-like construction. More precisely, DBISON divides the input into two parts of size n/2 bits and performs the round computations in parallel, which leads to an increased encryption speed. In particular, the data block length n of DBISON can be even, which gives certain additional implementation benefits over BISON. Furthermore, the resistance of DBISON against differential and linear attacks is also investigated. It is shown the maximal differential probability (MDP) is 1/2^n-1 for n encryption rounds and that the maximal linear probability (MLP) is strictly less than 1/2^n-1 when (n/2+3) iterative encryption rounds are used. These estimates are very close to the ideal values when n is close to 256.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2023

This study was to quantitatively evaluate periodic and maximum energy loads for broiler-standard design models by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2016). Building energy simulation method was used to compute heating and cooling loads of the designed broiler houses according to regional locations and insulation characteristics of wall and roof. It considered sensible and latent heat generation from broilers, dynamic operation of ventilation system according to environment variations. It was found that variation of periodic heating loads was relatively higher than that of periodic cooling loads according to thickness changes of wall and roof. Assuming that broiler was raised at every even-month, periodic heating and cooling loads were 6 and 18% lower, respectively than odd-month raising condition. When recommendation rules of insulation characteristics (wall and roof thickness) by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport was adopted, periodic heating load of Jeju-si was 20.3% higher than national average values. Based on the BES computed periodic and maximum energy loads under the designed experimental condition, these results can contribute to reestablishing standard design of broiler houses, especially for insulation characteristics, and designing management strategies for efficient energy uses.