• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.209-218
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose CIVE, context-based interactive system for heterogeneous distributed virtual environments that delivers contexts irom real world to virtual environment and vice versa. The proposed system ronsists of obi-UCAM for generating user's contexts, NAVER for managing virtual environment, and Interface for linking obi-UCAM with NAVER. The connection between real and virtual worid through context is brneficial in following ways. Firstly. CIVE Provides a personalized user interface for virtual environment according to a user profile such as identity, age and vernacular. Secondly, translating all input signals into context, it guarantees adaptive access that enables a user to exploit unencumbered input devices controlling a shared object in virtual environment even if he moves with his own device from a virtual system to another. Finally, it provides a mechanism for synchronizing distributed virtual systems that share context representing changes at remote nodes. The context reduces the inconsistency of representing the same data among heterogeneous systems. Therefore, CIVE plays an important role in implementing VR applications such as teleconference, game and entertainment.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

Purpose: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) using an on board imager (OBI) can check the movement and setup error in patient position and target volume by comparing with the image of computer simulation treatment in real.time during patient treatment. Thus, this study purposed to check the change and movement of patient position and target volume using CBCT in IMRT and calculate difference from the treatment plan, and then to correct the position using an automated match system and to test the accuracy of position correction using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and examine the usefulness of CBCT in IMRT and the accuracy of the automatic match system. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 3 head and neck patients and 1 pelvis patient sampled from IMRT patients treated in our hospital. In order to investigate the movement of treatment position and resultant displacement of irradiated volume, we took CBCT using OBI mounted on the linear accelerator. Before each IMRT treatment, we took CBCT and checked difference from the treatment plan by coordinate by comparing it with the image of CT simulation. Then, we made correction through the automatic match system of 3D/3D match to match the treatment plan, and verified and evaluated using electronic portal imaging device. Results: When CBCT was compared with the image of CT simulation before treatment, the average difference by coordinate in the head and neck was 0.99 mm vertically, 1.14 mm longitudinally, 4.91 mm laterally, and 1.07o in the rotational direction, showing somewhat insignificant differences by part. In testing after correction, when the image from the electronic portal imaging device was compared with DRR image, it was found that correction had been made accurately with error less than 0.5 mm. Conclusion: By comparing a CBCT image before treatment with a 3D image reconstructed into a volume instead of a 2D image for the patient's setup error and change in the position of the organs and the target, we could measure and correct the change of position and target volume and treat more accurately, and could calculate and compare the errors. The results of this study show that CBCT was useful to deliver accurate treatment according to the treatment plan and to increase the reproducibility of repeated treatment, and satisfactory results were obtained. Accuracy enhanced through CBCT is highly required in IMRT, in which the shape of the target volume is complex and the change of dose distribution is radical. In addition, further research is required on the criteria for match focus by treatment site and treatment purpose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was conducted to identify polymorphic markers in Amrithmahal, Krishna Valley, Hallikar, Deoni, Khillari, Ongole and Malnad Gidda breeds of South Indian cattle using twenty six primers. Of the 93 RAPD markers obtained, 53 were present in all breeds, 22 were individual specific and 18 were polymorphic for different breeds. Dual purpose breeds viz., Krishna Valley and Ongole showed less genetic divergence between them as compared to their genetic divergence from draft breeds viz., Amrithmahal, Hallikar and Khillari. Malnad Gidda was found to be a distinctly different from others studied.

• Composites Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2013

This paper summarizes the structural characterization of borassus fruit fibers by means of various characterization techniques, optimization of alkali treatment of borassus fruit fine fibers (BFF) with a 5% concentration sodium hydroxide solution for different time intervals (1, 4, 8 and 12 h) and the changes occurring in borassus fibers. This paper also discusses the manufacturing of BFF/PP compotes using MAPP as a compatibilizer in addition to alkali treatment. Composites were evaluated for their mechanical and morphological properties. The tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus and impact strength were increased for alkali treated/MAPP composites by 4.5%, 17%, 17.2 %, 9% and 10% respectively.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.95-109
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was for analyzing the fashion design imaged by Kimono in the 1990s. Through the work, what is the way to create the non-western fashion design can be found. For this purpose, I took my design data from fashion magazines in the 1990s, and referred to the literal materials about history of western costume and Kimono. The result were as follows ; Kimono in Japanese denotes thing to wear. Ki is derived from the verb kiru, to wear, and mono, thing. However, in the western world the term came to mean the T-shaped outer garment formerly known in Japan as the kosode. It is consists of sleeve(sode), wide sash(obi), hemline(suso), collar(eri), and material. There were many complex reasons for its diversity in the west, and for its evolution during the past one hundred years from the peignoir including exoticism, eroticism, women's liberation to the high fashion imaged by folklore and avant-garde. Therefore the fashion design imaged by Kimono was divided into feminine style, natural & folklore style, modern & avant-garde style.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.541-547
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• 1991

Some Korean marine hvdroids of the families Sphaerocorynidae, Eudendriidae, Haleciidae and Lafoeidae were observed based on the external features. Thev were collected from the coasts and islands of Korea during the years 1971-1990 by the author and others. As a result12 species and subspecies are identified, of which 6 species: Sphaerocowne bedoti, Eudendrium insigne, Eudendrium cumeum, Hydrodendron gordineri, Acwptolaria confena austrolis and Crammaria obi'etinQ tuned out to be new to the Korean fauna, which are redescribed briefly. For already known species in Korean fauna, the materials examined for this work and previous rdcore given, and not examined but already known species in Korean waters the only previous records are given for definition of the hydroid taxa. So that the Korean hvdroids of four families identified so far consist of ten genera and 19 species.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Purpose : We compared the set-up accuracy and right-left Shoulder position variation of the manufactured device and other commercial shoulder-retractors in the head and neck radiation treatment. Materials and Methods : Six patients consist of three groups which were used three different Shoulder retractors. We measured position corrections of left and right Shoulder and the couch after the image guidance by using on board imager (OBI) for six head and neck patients who has the extended target to the neck node lower region. Results : The position variation correction of left (right) Shoulder after image guidance were $1.07{\pm}3.99mm$ ($-4.35{\pm}2.09mm$), $-0.37{\pm}5.91mm$ ($1.26{\pm}5.28mm$), $-0.63{\pm}2.44mm$ ($0.25{\pm}1.61mm$) for group A, B and C. The vertical, lateral, longitudinal position and angular corrections of the couch after image guidance were $-2.06{\pm}2.68$, $-1.11{\pm}8.15$, $0.34{\pm}3.78mm$, and $0.51{\pm}0.77$ degree for group A, $-1.18{\pm}1.82$, $-0.94{\pm}2.13$, $-0.67{\pm}1.98mm$, and $0.91{\pm}1.04$ degree for group B and $0.12{\pm}2.18$, $-0.79{\pm}2.64$, $0.79{\pm}2.64$, and $0.00{\pm}0.49$ degree for group C. Conclusion : In this preliminary study, we found the positioning accuracy of the manufactured Shoulder retractor is comparable to other commercial Shoulder retractors. We expect that the reproducibility and accuracy of the patient set-up could be improved by using the home made Shoulder retractor in the head and neck radiation treatment.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2017

In order to assess the potential environmental factors in the vicinity of a fish cage farm, we investigated the biotic and abiotic factors during a short-term period in summer 2016 in two inner stations of Tongyeong Obi. High water temperature on August 10^th was apparent among the full depth of up to 29℃, which might have been related to the abnormally high temperatures of large amounts of the Changjiang River discharge along the Tongyeong coast. The concentration of nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate ranged from 0.08 to 5.11 μM, 0.08 to 34.62 μM, 0.01 to 1.15 μM, and 1.46 to 31.79 μM, respectively. The nutrients were mainly supplied by precipitation and leaching from the bottom sediments in the fish culture farm area. It was not retained for a long duration because of the phytoplankton consumption and diffusion by water currents. The chlorophyll a concentration varied from 0.49 ㎍ l^-1 to 7.39 ㎍ l^-1. At that time, Chaetoceros debilis, C. pseudocurvisetus, and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima were rapidly proliferated and reached the level of 4.74 × 10⁹ cells l^-1. In particular, the lowest dissolved oxygen was recorded at 4.52 ㎍ l^-1 at the bottom layer after bloom. Therefore, even though phytoplankton blooms in summer have frequently occurred in a fish culture farm area, the oxygen-deficient environments were not found in neither the surface nor bottom layers, which implied that the water masses might be well exchanged from the mouth of the northwest and southeast between Obi and Mireuk Island in the study area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.234-238
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• 2011

This paper will evaluate the usefulness of 3D target of CBCT by comparing human body's posture and position when simulated treatment is being carried out as well as human phantom posture and position using CBCT which is applying OBI. From the Rando Phantom which is located in the datum point moved in parallel and rotationary direction using CBCT. Then the mean and standard deviation difference on images location difference that are acquired were compared with real the Rando Phantom' moved distance. To make a plan of simulated treatment with the same procedure of real radiation therapy, we are going to setup the Rando Phantom. With an assumption that the position is set in accurate place, we measured the setup errors accroding to the change of the translation and rotation. Tests are repeated 10 times to get the standard deviation of the error values. The variability in couch shift after positioning equivalent to average residual error showed lateral $0.2{\pm}0.2$mm, longitudinal $0.4{\pm}0.3$mm, vertical $-0.4{\pm}0.1$mm. The average rotation erroes target localization after simulated $0.4{\pm}0.2$ mm, $0.3{\pm}0.3$ mm, and $0.3{\pm}0.4$ mm. The detection error by rotation is $0{\sim}0.6^{\circ}$ CBCT 3D/3D matching using the Rando Phantom minimized the errors by realizing accurate matching during simulated treatment and patient caring.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of childhood obesity and the characteristics of the parents of obese children. Methods 110 children of 5years old living in Seoul and Kwangju were surveyed by questionnaire about the children(birth weight, birth order, type of feeding, eating behavior, daily habit) and the parents(weight, height, education). The behaviors of mothers about eating restriction were assessed by three factor eating questionnaire(TFEQ). Children's weight and height were examined and the obesity indeces were calculated. Result: 1) The prevalence rate of obesity among 5 years old children was 20.1%, and male had significantly higher prevalence rate. No significant difference was found in birth weight, birth order, and type of feeding between two groups. 2) The obese group showed significantly more cases of "eat rapidly" 3) fathers of obese children were significantly older and showed higher educational levels. No significant difference was found among parental body mass indeces between two groups. 4) Mothers of obese children showed significantly higher scores of cognitive restriction factor and disinhibition factor in TFEQ. There was no difference in hunger factor, The score of mothers TFEQ was significantly correlated with children's obesity indeces. Conclusion : Children's eating behavior and mother attitude about food restriction have influence on children's obesity among 5 years older children.