• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1297-1302
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• 2003

To determine whether the feeding of different species of hay affects the dry-matter intake and the serum cortisol level of sheep, 6 non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes were offered alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay (Al), oats (Avena sativa) hay (Ot) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) hay (Pr) under 6 kinds of treatment including 1) change from Al to Ot, 2) Al to Pr, 3) Ot to Al, 4) Ot to Pr, 5) Pr to Al, and 6) Pr to Ot. The experimental design was a 6${\times}$6 Latin square with a 14 day period of which 9 days were a preliminary period and 5 days as a digestion trial period. The change in hay feeding was done abruptly on the first day of each period without an adaptation period. The blood from the jugular vein was collected on the first, third and the last day of each period through a sterile catheter for the analysis of cortisol. The dry-matter intake was recorded daily throughout the period. The mean daily intake of dry matter (DM, g/kg live weight) was significantly different among the 3 species of hay (Al>Ot>Pr; p<0.05). The digestibility of DM for Al and Ot was the same, but that for Pr was significantly lower than Al and Ot (p<0.05). The mean serum cortisol levels were significantly different among the hays (p<0.05). The level for Pr was the highest and that for Al was the lowest. The abrupt change of hay feeding of 6 treatments produced a significant change in the serum cortisol levels. The DM intake was inversely related to the change of the cortisol level. It is suggested that the animal' intake response to different species of hay may be partly motivated by the psychological feelings toward the hay offered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2000

In order to investigate the effect of incorporation of thermally processed cereal (maize) grain and differently degradable protein sources in the calf starter, twenty four newly born crossbred $(Bos\;taurus{\times}Bos\;indicus)$ calves were assigned at random to six diets in a $3{\times}2$ factorial design involving three protein sources viz. groundnut meal (GN), cottonseed meal (CS) and meat and bone meal (MB), each along with two differently processed grain, namely ground raw (R) and pressure cooked (P) maize. The corresponding calf starters with green oats (Avena sativa) were given free-choice from 14 d onwards till the end of the 90 d experimental feeding. A restricted milk diet was fed till the age of weaning at 60 d. Total DM intake was not affected by cereal or protein sources. However, daily intake of DM (59.23 vs 66.45 g) and CP (12.38 vs 14.10 g) per kg $W^{0.75}$ was reduced (p<0.05) due to cereal processing. Better (p<0.05) feed and protein efficiencies after weaning and during entire period in calves fed processed maize resulted in a trend of higher $(p{\leq}092)$ growth rate especially when GN was the source of protein. In comparison among protein sources, calves fed MB diets tended to grow faster $(p{\leq}098)$ concurrent with a higher CP intake before weaning. It is thus evident that thermal processing of maize in the calf starter seems to improve calf performance. Moreover, results indicated that feeding of protein and starch sources of matching ruminal degradability may prove beneficial for early growth of crossbred calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.497-501
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted on crossbred male calves to study the effect of arsenic (As) on immunity status and certain hematological parameters. Ten crossbred male calves of 3-4 months of age were distributed into two equal groups. Group I was kept as control, whereas, group II was supplemented daily with 50 ppm As (as $As_sO_3$) up to 90 days, in the diet. Calves of both groups were fed as per ICAR standards and their requirements were fulfilled by feeding concentrate mixture and green oats. All calves were kept under similar managemental conditions. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals to estimate various haematological parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Serum Ig and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were also measured. Cell-mediated immune responses of the calves were monitored at 0, 45 and 90 of experimental feeding, through lymphocyte proliferation. No change in blood total leukocyte counts (TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and SGPT was observed with As supplementation. A decrease in SOD activity was noticed in group II calves. Stimulation index (SI) for lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 1.14 to 0.79 in group II calves during 90 days experimental feeding, whereas, there was no change in SI values in group I indicating significant decrease in immune response of As supplemented calves. Blood As concentration increased in group II calves with the decrease in immune response. Short term supplementation of As to growing calves suggested suppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity. However, long term experiments are required to demonstrate clearly the efects of this toxic metal in calves.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucan purified from oats (OG) and bitter melon, Momordica charantia Linn (MC), water extracts have shown favorable effects on diabetes and its complications. We investigated to find out the optimal composition showing hypoglycemic and antidiabetic complication effects in variable compositions (OG:MC = 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1). Extracts were administered orally once a day for 28 days following 7 days post streptozotocin (STZ) dosing. Five rats per group (total 15 groups; Intact, STZ, OG, MC, and the variable composition groups) were selected according to the blood glucose and body weight at 6 days after STZ dosing. After 28 days of extracts dosing, the changes on the body weight, liver and kidney weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total-cholesterol levels were observed. As the result of STZ-induced diabetes, decreases of body weight, increases of the liver and kidney weights, blood glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, and total-cholesterol levels in STZ control were detected compared with intact control. However, these changes of hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, and hyperlipemia were dramatically decreased in the OG and MC single-dosing group, and all composition groups. In addition, there were more favorable effects in all composition groups compared with the OG and MC single-dosing groups. Among variable compositions, the OG:MC 1:2 mixed group showed the most synergic effects in this study.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a functional senior mixed soymilk for seniors and to provide functional senior-mixed soymilk to prevent disease outbreaks. The isoflavone content of senior soymilk was 0.15±0.01 mg/g. The β-glucan content of senior soymilk was 9.82±0.01 mg/g. The weight gain of mice were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than in the other groups. The serum triglyceride content was high at 102.67±40.61 mg/dL in the high-fat diet group, but significantly lower at 83.00±42.43 mg/dL in the 20% senior soymilk group. Thus, the results of this study comprehensively suggest that food intake should be ingested for each life cycle with reference to the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. In particular, the elderly in their 50s and older are deficient in protein and weakened immune capacity, so it is imperative that they maintain their health through various foods such as soymilk, which is evenly nutritious.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2001

본 논문의 목적을 위한 외인성 효소 즉 Phytase, $\beta$-glucanase, pentosanase는 전 세계적으로 양돈사료에 첨가제로서 광범위하게 사용하고 있다. 이러한 효소의 화학적 효과는 이해가 잘 되고 있다. 하지만 돼지에서 이러한 효소들의 효과에 대해서는 아직까지 논란의 여지가 있다. Phytase는 곡류내 존재하는 피틴태 인의 이용성을 증가시킬 수 있어 배설되는 분 중 인의 오염도를 낮출 수 있고 사료내 사용하는 무기태 인의 양을 감소시킬 수 있다. 또한, 보리와 귀리에 존재하는 $\beta$-glucanase와 호밀과 밀에 존재하는 용해성 Pentosans과 같은 효소들은 양돈사료에서 찾을 수 있는 항영양소 인자들을 분해하는 효과가 있다. 그래서 비전분과당류들의 소화율을 증가시키는 결과를 초래한다. 앞으로 이 분야의 연구는 현재 효소들의 효율적인 사용, 효과적인 다른 생산품의 개발 그리고 열 안정성 효소들의 개발들을 포함하고 있다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, belong to type A trichothecences, are the most toxic mycotoxins among the trichothecene family. These mycotoxins are commonly found in cereals such as maize, wheat, barley, oats and rice, and their occurrence in food can be of concern. This review investigated the current trends of patents and researches on T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin pertaining to natural occurrence, toxicity, metabolism, risk assessment, analytical and screening methods, and reduction/detoxification techniques. As compared with other $Fusarium$ mycotoxins, there are limited data for natural occurrence and risk assessment, and regulatory limit and official analytical methods on T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in domestic and foreign countries. In particular, selective deacetylation at the C3 and/or C4 positions of T-2 toxin by carboxyesterase present in foods was reported to cause the disappearance of T-2 and the extremely high HT-2 recoveries. Currently, regulatory limits for T-2 and HT-2 are under discussion in EU. For enforcement purposes it is essential to have available precise and reliable analytical methods applicable at the regulatory levels for the T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin and relevant commodities. In addition, a further study on natural occurrence, risk assessment and reduction/detoxification techniques will be recommended.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted from 1991 to 1993 at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon to investigate the effects of previous crop residues on growth and yield of succeeding corn(2ea mays L.) and also to determine the best double cropping system necessary to maximize the total dry matter yield of winter forage crops plus corn for silage. In this experiment, treatments consisted of no crop as a control, late maturing Kodiak rye(Seca1e cereale L.), Bamapoli forage rape(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera L.), G-sprinter oats(Avem sativa L.), Chief crimson clover(Trifolium incarnatum L.), Jackson Italian ryegrass(lo1ium rnultiJlorum L.), Vantage vetch(Vicia sativa L.) and early maturing Koolgrazer rye(Seca1e cereale L.). Corn leaf number and silking date were not significantly affected by previous crop residues, but the leaf number of corn following Italian ryegrass was reduced by 1.9 relative to no previous crop. The plant height and LA1 were significantly reduced during early development when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak rye (p<0.05). The dry matter and estimated TDN yields of corn were significantly reduced when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak rye. The yield reductions for corn following Italian ryegrass, late maturing Kodiak rye and early maturing Koolgrazer rye, relative to com when no previous crops were planted, were 34, 17 and 8%, respectively. Therefore, the reduction in corn growth and yield in this experiment could be explained by an allelopathic effect resulting from the Italian ryegrass and rye residues. The highest total dry matter yield of 30,509kg/ha was obtained from an early maturing rye-corn double cropping sequence in combination among the eight cropping systems.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1994

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) was known as effective method in treatments of couples who unable to be helped by conventional in vitro fertilization. In 78 treatment cycles of 78 infertile couples using ICSI performed at our infertility clinic between May and August 1994 were analyzed. These patients were classified two groups, andrological factor(AF) and non-andrological factor(non-AF) group. The AF group, which had abnormal sperm physiology, included oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(OATS) and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration(MESA) patients. The non-AF group, which had abnormal oocyte physiology, included abnormal zona pellucida, poor quality of oocyte and immune factor infertile patients. A single spermatozoon was injected into the ooplasm of 776 metaphase II oocytes. The fertilization rate was 44.6%(346/776) and 319 embryos were transferred. After 73 embryo transfers(93.6% of treatment cycles) 23 pregnancies were estabilshed, i. e. pregnancy rate of 29.4% per started cycle and 31.5% per embryo transfer. Fertilization rate of AF and non-AF group was 46.2% and 35.8%, pregnancy rate was 34.5%(20/58) and 20.0%(3/15), respectively. In order to increase the pregnancy rate, assisted hatching(AHA) has done after lCSl in 47 treatment cycles. Pregnancy rate of ICSI with AHA and without AHA group was 34. 0% (16/47) and 26.9%(7/26), respectively. ICSI was more effective in andrological factor infertility and the pregnancy rate was increased by ICSI with AHA procedure.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.85-90
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• 1971

야생귀리 Avena sterilis 의 종자휴면을 타파하기 위하여 알콜, 산소, 온수, 저온, thiourea, 제베레린 등을 처리하여 그것들의 효과에 대해서 연구하였다. Thiourea는 약간의 효과만을 보였고 지베레린과 저온처리는 큰 효과를 보였다. 다른 처리들은 아무 효과도 없었다. 1. 지베레린처리 5ppm, 50ppm, 500ppm 중 500ppm은 가장 효과가 컸으며 제1소수에 대해서는 거의 100% 제2소수에 대해서는 66~96%의 효과를 보였다. 지베레린의 효과는 처리농도에 따라 그리고 Avena sterilis 계통간에 차이가 컸으며 그 차이는 통계분석에서도 유의성이 있었다. 2. Thiourea의 처리는 이 실험에서 제1고농도이었던 0.625 x $10^{-2}$ M에서 가장 효과적이었으나 전체적으로 볼 때 thiourea의 효과는 저조하였다. 3. 섭씨 3도를 유지하는 냉장고내에서 1주일간 저온 처리한 제1소수종자들은 90% 제2소수종자들은 10~66%의 발아율을 보이었다. 저온처리에 의한 발아율의 차이는 계통간에도 현저하였다.