• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 1997

To understand the current status of pediatric surgical practice of the members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, a survey of the practice of the 31 members in both 1994 and 1995. Twenty five members(80%) representing 20 hospitals responded. An average of four hundred and seventy four cases pediatric surgical operations were performed at individual institution in 1995 with 40 newborn cases. Eighteen members(72%) are currently working at university hospital. Fourteen institutions(70%) are currently classified as tertiary by the health insurance agency. The majority(15 to 60%) of members are working in the metropolitan Seoul area, while five in Taegu area. Sixteen members reported having the title of department head/director. Four members reported occasional non-pediatric surgical practice. Nine members out of 20 reported having independent pediatric surgical out-patient clinic before the establishment of the association(1985). Eight out of 15 members reported being appointed chief of pediatric surgery before 1985. In 20 institutions, 34 full time physicians(27 members, reportedly) are working in pediatric surgery. In regarding to pediatric surgical training, 16 members(64%) received an average of 16 months of training abroad, 5 members trained at home and abroad, and 4 from only at home. There are no differences in length of training periods in these groups. Twenty one members received their basic pediatric surgical training before 1985, the year of inauguration of the association. Twelve members received post-pediatric surgery refresher courses averaging 11 months' duration, after 2-11 years. Thirteen participants of this study belongs to the founding members of the association.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 1996

This report present the result of the national survey of pediatric surgeons' preferences on diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease(HD) carried out in 1993. The questionnaires were sent to twenty-seven members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons (KAPS) working in twenty-four institutions. The questionnaires were designed to determine the individual surgeon's preference for the methods of diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Twenty-three pediatric surgeons from twenty institutions returned completed forms. The total number of patients diagnosed with HD in 1992 was 190 in this group. The estimated incidence of HD was 1/3,900. The most important symptom was delayed meconium passing and the most preferred diagnostic procedure was barium study. Anorectal manometric examination was carried out by 13 pediatric surgeons and 19 confirmed the diagnosis before operation by rectal biopsy, 12 with full-thickness biopsy and 7 with suction. Frozen section biopsy during operation was done by 22 surgeons. Eight surgeons did one stage operation if the age of the patient is suitable. Definitive operation was usually done at the age of 6 to 11 months. The most preferred operation was Duhamel procedure done by 19. Enterocolitis was the most serious complication of HD. Most of patients had normal continence within 6 to 12 months after operation. The follow-up period was less than 6 years in 16 surgeons. The results were presented at the 9th annual meeting of KAPS in June of 1993. This is the first national survey of HD and it can provide guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of Hirschprung's disease even though it is not a detailed study of patient data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2010

Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge (LS) was evaluated. To increase the surface area of LS for cell immobilization, $H_2O_2$ and chitosan were introduced as surface modifying reagents. Four chitosans of different molecular weights were separately coated on LS. All experiments were conducted in shaking flask mode at 100 rpm rotating speed and $37^{\circ}C$ with 5% $CaCO_3$ as a pH regulating agent. The effects of initial glucose concentration were investigated in the range of 20-100 g/l on LA fermentation by free cells. The results indicate that the maximum concentration of LA was produced with 50 g/l glucose concentration. The immobilized cell system produced 1.5 times higher concentration than free cells for 24 h of fermentation. Moreover, immobilized cells can shorten the fermentation time by 2-fold compared with free cells at the same level of LA concentration. At 1% (w/v) chitosan in 2% (v/v) acetic acid, the Yp/s and productivities of various molecular weights of chitosans were insignificantly different. Repeated batch fermentations showed 5 effective recycles with Yp/s and productivity in the range of 0.55-0.85 and 0.90-1.20 g/l.h, respectively. It is evident that immobilization of L. salivarius onto LS permits reuse of the system under these fermentation conditions. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that there were more intact cells on the chitosan-treated LS than on the untreated LS, thus confirming the effectiveness of the LS-chitosan combination when being utilized as a promising immobilization carrier for LA fermentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2012

An investigation was conducted on the enhancement of production and purification of an oxidant and SDS-stable alkaline protease (BHAP) secreted by an alkalophilic Bacillus horikoshii, which was screened from the body fluid of a unique Korean polychaeta (Periserrula leucophryna) living in the tidal mud flats of Kwangwha Island in the Korean West Sea. A prominent effect on BHAP production was obtained by adding 2% maltose, 1% sodium citrate, 0.8% NaCl, and 0.6% sodium carbonate to the culturing medium. The optimal medium for BHAP production contained (g/l) SBM, 15; casein, 10; $K_2HPO_4$, 2; $KH_2PO_4$, 2; maltose, 20; sodium citrate, 10; $MgSO_4$, 0.06; NaCl, 8; and $Na_2CO_3$, 6. A protease yield of approximately 56,000 U/ml was achieved using the optimized medium, which is an increase of approximately 5.5-fold compared with the previous optimization (10,050 U/ml). The BHAP was homogenously purified 34-fold with an overall recovery of 34% and a specific activity of 223,090 U/mg protein using adsorption with Diaion HPA75, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) on Phenyl-Sepharose, and ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE- and CM-Sepharose column. The purified BHAP was determined a homogeneous by SDS-PAGE, with an apparent molecular mass of 28 kDa, and it showed extreme stability towards organic solvents, SDS, and oxidizing agents. The $K_m$ and $k_{cat}$ values were 78.7 ${\mu}M$ and $217.4s^{-1}$ for N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 9, respectively. The inhibition profile exhibited by PMSF suggested that the protease from B. horikoshii belongs to the family of serine proteases. The BHAP, which showed high stability against SDS and $H_2O_2$, has significance for industrial application, such as additives in detergent and feed industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.1156-1167
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize lead (Pb)-solubilizing bacteria from heavy metal-contaminated mine soils and to evaluate their inoculation effects on the growth and Pb absorption of Brassica juncea. The isolates were also evaluated for their plant growth-promoting characteristics as well as heavy metal and salt tolerance. A total of 171 Pb-tolerant isolates were identified, of which only 15 bacterial strains were able to produce clear haloes in solid medium containing PbO or $PbCO_3$, indicating Pb solubilization. All of these 15 strains were also able to dissolve the Pb minerals in a liquid medium, which was accompanied by significant decreases in pH values of the medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the Pb-solubilizing strains belonged to genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacterium, and Staphylococcus. A majority of the Pb-solubilizing strains were able to produce indole acetic acid and siderophores to different extents. Two of the Pb-solubilizing isolates were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate as well. Some of the strains displayed tolerance to different heavy metals and to salt stress and were able to grow in a wide pH range. Inoculation with two selected Pb-solubilizing and plant growth-promoting strains, (i.e., Brevibacterium frigoritolerans YSP40 and Bacillus paralicheniformis YSP151) and their consortium enhanced the growth and Pb uptake of B. juncea plants grown in a metal-contaminated soil. The bacterial strains isolated in this study are promising candidates to develop novel microbe-assisted phytoremediation strategies for metal-contaminated soils.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 1987

Clinical application of hyperthermia using 8 MHz radiofrequency(capacitive type THERMOTRON RF-8) in cancer treatment was begun at Yonsei Cancer Center in 1985. From April 1985 to April 1986, 23 patients with loco-regionally advanced and persistent or recurrent carcinomas of the head and neck were treated with hyperthermia at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy were combined with hyperthermia to improve the tumor response. The response rate of 23 patients was 52%, 4 had complete response, and 7 had partial response. The factors affecting the tumor response were dose of irradiation(P=0.009). Complications related to treatment were found in 8 patients and all of them were self-limited. The result of this study indicates that localized hyperthermia as a combined modality has a significant role in palliation of advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2023

Background: For anatomic total arthroscopic repair, cementless humeral fixation has recently gained popularity. However, few studies have compared clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes between cemented and press-fit humeral fixation, and none have performed follow-up for longer than 5 years. In this study, we compared long-term postoperative outcomes in patients receiving a cemented versus press-fit humeral stem anatomic arthroscopic repair. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 169 shoulders that required primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). Shoulders were stratified by humeral stem fixation technique: cementation or press-fit. Data were collected pre- and postoperatively. Primary outcome measures included range of motion, patient reported outcomes, and radiographic measures. Results: One hundred thirty-eight cemented humeral stems and 31 press-fit stems were included. Significant improvements in range of motion were seen in all aTSA patients with no significant differences between final cemented and press-fit stems (forward elevation: P=0.12, external rotation: P=0.60, and internal rotation: P=0.77). Patient reported outcome metrics also exhibited sustained improvement through final follow-up. However, at final follow-up, the press-fit stem cohort had significantly better overall scores when compared to the cemented cohort (visual analog score: P=0.04, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score: P<0.01, Simple Shoulder Test score: P=0.03). Humeral radiolucency was noted in two cemented implants and one press-fit implant. No significant differences in implant survival were observed between the two cohorts (P=0.75). Conclusions: In this series, we found that irrespective of humeral fixation technique, aTSA significantly improves shoulder function. However, within this cohort, press-fit stems provided significantly better outcomes than cemented stems in terms of patient reported outcome scores. Level of evidence: III.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2013

한국 여성 20세부터 70세 사이 214명의 체질을 분석한 결과 목양(Hepatonia) 16.8%, 목음(Cholecystonia) 2.3%, 토양(Pancreotonia) 58.9%, 금양(Pulmotonia) 5.1%, 그리고 금음체질(colonotonia)은 16.8% 이었으며 토음(Gastrotonia), 수양(Renotonia) 및 수음 (Vesicotonia) 체질을 지닌 피험자는 없었다. 체질별 신체적 특성은 목체질군 (목양, 목음)이 금체질군 (금양, 금음)에 비해 체중과 BMI가 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 토양체질은 목체질과 금체질의 중간적 특징을 나타내었다. 에너지 섭취수준은 체질별 차이가 없었으며 지방 섭취량은 체질 간 유의적인 차이를 나타내는데 목음 체질이 가장 높았고, 금양 체질이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 이들 영양소 섭취량을 에너지 섭취수준에 대한 비율로 산출하였을 때 탄수화물 및 지방 섭취 비율이 체질 군 간 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 공복 혈당 및 인슐린 농도는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 금양체질에서 상대적으로 높았다. 혈중 지질 농도를 비교해 보면 목음 체질의 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-C 농도는 금양 체질에 비해 각각 153.44%, 126.87%, 그리고 131.99% 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 본 결과로부터 영양소 섭취 수준과 건강상태를 살펴보았을 때, 칼로리 섭취량, 단백질 및 지방섭취량이 높은 목음 체질은 BMI 및 혈중 지질 농도가 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, 총 칼로리 섭취수준 대비 탄수화물 섭취 비율이 높고 지방 섭취비율이 낮은 금양체질은 혈중 지질 농도는 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 낮으나, 공복혈당 및 인슐린 농도는 유의적이지는 않으나 체질 군 중 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 개인의 체질에 따라 영양소 섭취량이 다르고, 그 결과 체중, 혈중 지질, 혈당 등의 건강지표가 다름을 알 수 있었다. 이에 8체질 의학에서 주장하는 인간은 타고난 장부의 강약에 따라 건강에 차이가 있기 때문에 이를 유지하기 위해 섭생 및 생활습관을 조절하는 것이 중요하다는 이론을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 1978

청도반시와 사곡시 두 품종(品種)을 polyethylene film의 두께와 포장(包裝) bag내(內)의 과실개체수(果實個體數)에 따라 구분저장(區分貯藏)하였을 저장시일(貯藏時日)의 경과(經過)에 따른 성분변화(成分變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 중량감소(重量減少)에 있어서, 청도반시는 50개(個) 포장(包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가, 사곡시는 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.08mm구(區)와 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 가장 감소(減少)가 적었다. 2. 경도(硬度)의 변화(變化)에 있어서 청도반시, 사곡시 모두 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 가장 감소(減少)가 적었다. 3. 유리산(遊離酸)의 감소(減少)에서 청도반시는 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가, 사곡시는 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.06mm구(區) 및 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 감소율(減少率)이 낮았다. 4. 당도(糖度)의 변화(變化)에서, 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.06mm구(區) 및 0.08mm구(區)와 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 감소(減少)가 적었다. 사곡시는 10개포장(個包裝) 및 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 가장 감소(減少)가 적었다. 5. 가용성(可溶性) tannin의 함량변화(含量變化)에 있어서 청도반시와 사곡시 두 품종(品種) 모두 3개(個) 포장(包裝)과 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 타구(他區)에 비(比)해 잔존량(殘存量)이 많았다. 한편 두 품종(品種) 공(共)히 50개포장(個包裝)의 전구(全區)가 저장말기(貯藏末期)에 tannin함량(含量)이 적어서 삽미(澁味)가 거의 느껴지지 않았다. 이상의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合) 할 때 청도반시와 사곡시의 P.E film저장(貯藏)의 최적조건(最適條件)은 두 품종(品種) 모두 0.04mm film bag에 50개(個) 포장(包裝)하는 것임을 알수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.428-432
• /
• 2009

40 goat kid ribcages were held for 7 days in storage conditions ($4^{\circ}C$) and used to determine the effects of three different packaging methods (atmospheric air, vacuum and modified atmosphere package (MAP) 10:70:20 mixture of $N_2:O_2:CO_2$) on meat quality of the chops. L* was affected by the packaging method being lighter than MAP chops. The coordinate a* significantly increased during storage time. For MAP-packed chops and those kept in atmospheric air, b* increased markedly during storage time whereas it remained unaffected throughout storage when in vacuum packages. Final pH values ranged from 5.6 to 5.8 and no effects were found for either storage time or packaging method. WHC means were lowest for the three packaging methods on day 7 of storage and highest on day 1. Storage time increased water loss in vacuum treatments. Trained panel colour acceptability was lower at 3, 5 and 7 days than on day 1 of storage for atmospheric air treatment and vacuum packaging, while for the MAP treatment average values on days 5 and 7 were lower than those observed on days 1 or 3. Trained panel odour was lower for atmospheric air and vacuum packages at 3, 5, and 7 days storage than at 1 day, while no differences were found in trained panel odour acceptability for MAP packages. With reference to consumers, the MAP proposed in the present study is the chosen method for storing goat meat, rather than vacuum or atmospheric air packaging.