• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop biosensor for determination of glucose, lactate, and ethanol in foods and food-stuffs simultaneously. The multiple cathode system was prepared with an oxygen electrode having one anode and hexagonal cathode. Glucose oxidase, mutarotase, lactate oxidase, alcohol oxidase and catalase were used for immobilization to determine glucose, lactate, and ethanol. These components including ethanol were simultaneously determined by the immobilized enzymes in the multiple cathode system. The determination of the components by enzyme sensor was based on the maximum slope of oxygen consumption from enzyme reaction of each sensor part. The response time for analysis was 1 min. The optimum condition for glucose, lactate and ethanol sensor was found to be 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at $40^{\circ}C$. Interferences of various sugars and organic acids were investigated. Less than 10% of error was found in determination of the components except organic acids. This difference was compensated by the modified equation. This system was confirmed by conventional methods. It was concluded that the multiple cathode system of this study is for an effective method to determine sugar, organic acid, ethanol simultaneously in foods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.933-938
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• 2005

To investigate pertinent packaging treatment of fresh-cut potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), potato cubes were subjected to passive, gas exchange, and vacuum packaging conditions. Low density polyethylene film (LDPE), polypropylene film (PP), anti-fogging film (AP), and perforated film (PF) were used as passive packaging treatments. Mixed gases of 5% $CO_2/5%\;O_2$ (MA1) and 10% $CO_2/5%\;O_2$ (MA2) were applied as gas exchange packaging. Packs filled with cubes were kept at $5^{\circ}C$, and changes in weight loss, surface color, vitamin C content and sensory quality of cubes were analyzed during storage. Respiration rate of cubes was 2.11 times higher than that of intact raw potatoes at $5^{\circ}C$. Gas concentrations in passive packaging was maintained at 1-2% $O_2$ and 4-14% $CO_2$ after 7 days. Gas levels changed depending on films used. Cubes packed in PP and MA2 showed lowest weight loss and browning during storage. Firmness of cubes was not affected by packaging treatment. Vitamin C content was highest in cubes packed with AF. Cubes packed in MA2 showed highest quality upto 10days storage, followed by those packed in PP and AF.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.91-100
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• 2012

Wireless monitoring system for the structural health evaluation has a limit to the reliability of measured response. The objective of this study is to evaluate an effective measurement range of the wireless monitoring system on the analyzed data. For the wireless monitoring system, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are applied to datalogger-receiver and receiver-personal computer, respectively. For the model of the monopile structure response, a laboratory-scale monopile is manufactured with Mono Cast Nylon and a lateral loading is applied by hammer impacting. Strain gauges attached on the model monopile are connected with the datalogger. The distances of datalogger-receiver and receiver-personal computer are changed for the evaluation of the measurement range. Experimental results show that the receiving rates of the response remain almost constant within limited distance, while the receiving rates dramatically decrease out of effective range. In addition, the receiving rates affect on the measured natural frequencies of the model monopile. This study suggests that the effective range evaluation of the wireless monitoring system may be used for the determination of a monitoring distance to the monopile installed in the offshore wind farm.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop rice cookies added with young persimmon fruits. Effects of varying amounts (0-12%) of the fruit powder from a young astringent persimmon fruit (picked at July) on the quality characteristics of rice cookies were studied. Ingredients [rice (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica 'Ilpum') flours, persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 'Cheongdobansi') powder, sugar, butter, salt, baking powder, egg] were mixed, cut (thickness 3 mm, diameter 35 mm), baked at $170-180^{\circ}C$ for 9 min, cooled, and packaged in polyethylene/nylon bags. The loss rate and spread factor after baking of cookies increased and then decreased with an increase in the amount of fruit powder added. The moisture content and color values ($L^*$ and $a^*$) of cookies decreased with an increase in the amount of the persimmon powder added. Phenolic compounds content and DPPH radicals scavenging activity increased with an increase in persimmon powder content; in particular, the DPPH activity of the cookies sharply increased after the addition of 3% persimmon powder. These results suggest that the addition of the young persimmon fruit powder affected the quality characteristics of rice cookies and this fruit powder (approximately 3%) can be utilized as an additive during rice cookie processing.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.923-930
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of the steamed rice cakes added with powder and extract of Schisandra chinensis (SC). Steamed rice cakes were prepared by adding SC using 1% hot-air dried SC powder (DP), hot-air dried SC extract (DE), freeze dried SC powder (FP) and, frozen SC extract (FE). After packaging with nylon/polyethylene films, the cakes were stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The FE-treated steamed rice cake had the lowest pH value. The $L^*$ value of the control cakes was highest immediately after processing and decreased during storage. The $a^*$ values of FP- and FE-treated steamed rice cakes were higher than those of DP- and DE-treated cakes. The $b^*$ values of DP- and DE-treated steamed rice cakes were higher than those of FP- and FE-treated cakes. Total phenolic contents of DP and DE were lower than those of FP and FE. Anthocyanin contents of DP- and DE-treated steamed rice cakes were lower than those of FP- and FE-treated cakes. Schisandrin contents of DP- and FP-treated steamed rice cakes were lower than those of DE- and FE-treated cakes. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assays revealed that DP and DE had lower antioxidant powers than those of FP and FE. The results of this study indicate that, among the treatments methods used, the steamed rice cake treated with FE had the highest functional component and antioxidant activity levels.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.721-725
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• 2010

Purpose: The survival of composite graft is dependent on three steps, (1) plasmatic imbibitions, (2) inosculation, and (3) neovascularization. Among the many trials to increase the survival rate of composite graft, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has beneficial effects on the microcirculatory level with vasodilating, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and neoangiogenic properties. Lipo-PGE1 which is lipid microspheres containing PGE1 had developed to compensate the systemic and local side effects of PGE1. This study was proposed to determine whether Lipo-PGE1 administration enhanced the survival of composite graft through neovascularization quantitatively in a rabbit ear model. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits each weighing 3~4 kg were divided in two groups: (1) intravenous Lipo-PGE1 injection group and (2) control group. A $2{\times}1\;cm$ sized, full-thickness rectangular composite graft was harvested in each auricle. Then, the graft was reaaproximated in situ using a 5-0 nylon suture. For the experimental group, $3{\mu}g$/kg/day of Lipo-PGE1 ($5{\mu}g$/mL) was administered intravenously through the marginal vein of the ear for 14 days. The control group was received no pharmacologic treatment. On the 14th postoperative day, composite graft of the ear was harvested and immunochemistry staining used Monoclonal mouse anti-CD 31 antibody was performed. Neoangiogenesis was quantified by counting the vessels that showed luminal structures surrounded by the brown color-stained epithelium and counted from 10 random high-power fields (400x) by independent blinded observer. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for nonparametric data) was performed using SPSS v12.0, with values of p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean number of the microvessels was $15.48{\pm}8.65$ in the experimental group and $9.82{\pm}7.25$ in the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The use of Lipo-PGE1 facilitated the neoangiogenesis, resulted in the improvement of the survival rate of graft. On the basis of this results, we could support wider application of Lipo-PGE1 for more effective therapeutic angiogenesis and successful survival in various cases of composite graft in the human.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2020

본 연구는 새싹인삼(Panax ginseng sprout) 재배용으로 이용하기 위한 묘삼(종삼)의 장기 저온저장 시 사용되는 필름의 종류가 묘삼의 출아율이나 생육에 영향을 미치는 지 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 포장에 사용된 필름은 다공성물질인 제올라이트와 페그마타이트가 5% 함유된 50㎛ low density polyethylene(기능성 LDPE) 필름과 nylon/polyethylene 80 ㎛(Ny/PE) 필름에 묘삼을 100g씩 포장한 후 골판지 상자에 담아 -2℃의 저장고에서 10개월 동안 저장하면서 8개월째부터 2개월마다 시료를 꺼내어 5℃에서 5일 동안 온도 순화를 시킨 후 1차 조사에서는 육안조사로 실험실에서 건전한 묘삼과 부패 묘삼을 조사하였고, 건전한 묘삼만 새싹인삼 수경재배 농가에 재식한 후 2차 조사로 묘삼의 출아율과 출아된 묘삼이 새싹인삼으로 건전하게 생육한 비율을 조사하였다. 조사결과 Ny/PE 필름에 8개월 저장된 묘삼의 경우 1차 육안검사 시 뇌두부위가 검게 변하여 묘삼이 대부분 고사된 것으로 조사되었다. 필름 개봉 전 필름 내부의 O₂ 및 CO₂ 가스농도를 측정한 결과 O₂ 농도는 1.91%, CO₂ 농도는 38.9%로 측정되었고, 필름 개봉 시 알코올 냄새의 이취가 나는 것으로 보아 Ny/PE 필름으로 포장 된 묘삼이 -2℃의 저온저장기간 동안에도 호흡을 하면서 필름 내 산소를 완전히 소모하고 혐기적인 환경으로 변화시켜 대사활동이 불가능하였기 때문에 뇌두의 싹이 고사된 것으로 조사되었다. 반면 기능성 필름으로 포장한 묘삼은 저장 8개월에 정식 후 74.3%의 출아율을 보였고, 건전한 새싹인삼의 비율은 67.2%로 조사되었다. 정식 전·후 묘삼의 개체수 대비 건전 출아율의 비율은 56.7%를 나타내어 Ny/PE 필름으로 포장한 묘삼의 결과와 큰 차이를 보였다. 기능성필름의 개봉 전 필름 내부의 O₂ 및 CO₂ 가스농도를 측정한 결과 O₂ 농도는 12.9%, CO₂ 농도는 4.6%로 측정되어 묘삼의 저온저장 시 필름을 적용할 경우 공기의 유동이 원활이 이루어져 내부 O₂ 농도를 일정 수준 이상 유지해주는 필름을 사용하는 것이 묘삼의 출아와 생육에 좋은 것으로 조사되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.383-394
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• 1979

Treatment of valvular heart disease with valve replacement has been one of the most popular procedures in cardiac surgery recently. Although, first effort was directed toward the prosthetic valve, it soon became popular that bioprosthesis, the valvular xenograft, was prefered in the majority cases. Valvular xenograft has some superiority to the artificial prosthetic valve in some points of thromboembolism and hemolytic anemia, and it also has some inferiority of durability, immunologic reaction and resistance to Infection. Tremendous efforts were made to cover the inferiority with several methods of collection, preservation, and valve mounting of the porcine valve or pericardium of the calf, and also with surgical technique of the valvular xenograft replacement. Auther has collected 320 porcine aortic valves immediately after slaughter, and aortic cusps were coapted with cotton balls in the Valsalva sinuses to protect valve deformity after immersion in the Hanks' solution, and oxidation, cross-linking and reduction procedures were completed after the proposal of Carpentier in 1972. Well preserved aortic valves were suture mounted in the hand-made tissue valve frame of 19, 21, and 23 mm J.d., and also in the prosthetic vascular segment of 19 mm Ld. with 4-0 nylon sutures after careful trimming of the aortic valves. Completed valves were evaluated with bacteriologic culture, pressure tolerance test with tolerane gauge, valve durability test in the saline glycerine mixed solution with tolerance test machine in the speed of 300 rpm, and again with pathologic changes to obtain following results: 1. Bacteriologic culture of the valve tissue in five different preservation method for two weeks revealed excellent and satisfactory result in view of sterilization including 0.65% glutaraldehyde preservation group for one week bacteriologic culture except one tissue with Citobacter freundii in 75% ethanol preserved group. 2. Pressure tolerance test was done with an apparatus composed of V-connected manometer and pressure applicator. Tolerable limit of pressure was recorded when central leaking jet of saline was observed. Average pressure tolerated in each group was 168 mmHg in glutaraldehyde, 128 mmHg in formaldehyde, 92 mmHg in Dakin's solution, 48 mmHg in ethylene oxide gas, and 26 mmHg in ethanol preserved group in relation to the control group of Ringer's 90 mmHg respectively. 3. Prolonged durability test was performed in the group of frame mounted xenograft tissue valve with 300 up-and-down motion tolerance test machine/min. There were no specific valve deformity or wearing in both 19, 21, and 23 mm valves at the end of 3 months (actually 15 months), and another 3 months durability test revealed minimal valve leakage during pressure tolerance test due to contraction deformity of the non-coronary cusp at the end of 6 months (actually 30 months) in the largest 23 mm group. 4. Histopathologic observation was focussed in three view points, endothelial cell lining, collagen and elastic fiber destructions in each preservation methods and long durable valvular tolerance test group. Endothel ial cell lining and collagen fiber were well preserved in the glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde treated group with minimal destruction of elastic fiber. In long durable tolerance test group revealed complete destruction of the endothelial cell lining with minimal destruction of the collagen and elastic fiber in 3 month and 6 month group in relation to the time and severity. In conclusion, porcine xenograft treated after the proposal of Carpentier in 1972 and preserved in the glutaraldehyde solution was the best method of collection, preservation and valve mounting. Pressure tolerance and valve motion tolerance test, also, revealed most satisfactory results in the glutaraldehyde preserved group.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2002

This study was investigated the anti-angiogenic activities of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus by using Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and rat cornea. First experiment, the fertilized chicken eggs were kept in a humidified egg incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. After 4 days incubation, about 3 ml of albumin was aspirated from eggs with an hypodermic needles through a small hole drilled at the narrow end of the eggs, and the shell membrane on the floor of the air sac was peeled away. Embryos with chorioallantois of 3~5 mm in diameter were employed for the assay of antiangiogenic activity. Retinoic acid was used as a positive control for this experiment. After 48 h of treatment. branching pattern of blood vessels below coverslip containing retinoic acid ($10{\mu}g/egg$) was dramatically decreased. A simiar angiogenic inhibition was observed in the CAM treated with $50{\mu}g/egg$ of Cnidium omcinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus extracts. Second experiment, rat corneal neovascularization was induced by suturing (one stitch) the cornea with 10-0 nylon, and terramycin was applied on the cornea for I week to prevent corneal inflammation. In the cornea of rats untreated with herbal extracts, numerous vessels were usually seen invading the cornea by day 2 or 3 after suture, and reaching the lesion area within 5~6 days. Corneal neovascularization was gradually increased and peaked at 3 weeks. In contrast to this, herbal extracts conspicuously inhibited the angiogenesis, Oral administration of herbal extracts (20 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks significantly inhibited the rat corneal angiogenesis induced by suture, and the length of blood vessels in herbal medicine-treated rat cornea was conspicuously lower than that in control animals. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the rat cornea treated with thalidomide (200 mg/kg body weight/day). These findings indicate the anti-angiogenic properties of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus, suggesting that these properties may be one of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities of herbal extracts tested in this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.757-768
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• 2002

These study were conducted to determine the effects of a whole or steam-flaked corn based diet on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro and ruminal metabolism in the Korean Native Goat(KNG) in vivo. The experiments consisted of two dietary treatments: control, steam-flaked corn(SFC) based diet(80%) + rice straw mixed(20%)(SFCR); 100% whole corn based diet(WC). The first experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of whole corn on ruminal metabolism in vitro for 0 to 48 h. pH values were optimally maintained during incubation time, and were not significantly different between treatments. Gas production of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). $NH_3$-N concentration tended to increase for WC, but not significantly different between treatments. The mean value of total volatile fatty acid concentration of WC was significantly lower than SFCR(p<0.01), but SFCR and WC linearly increased as the time of incubation approached 48 h. Mean value of acetate concentration of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). Propionate concentration of WC for the total incubation time was significantly higher than SFCR(p<0.01). The digestibility of dry matter was not significantly different between treatments, but SFCR was somewhat higher than WC. The second experiment was conducted to effect of whole shelled corn based diet on rumen metabolism in KNG. pH values tended to decrease through all treatments. There was not a significantly difference between treatments. Microbial protein yield of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). $NH_3$-N concentration of WC was significantly (p<0.01) higher than SFCR. Total VFA and propionate concentration of WC was significantly higher than SFCR(p<0.01), but acetate concentrate of WC was not significantly higher than SFCR. The mean value of total lactate concentration was significantly(p<0.01) different but the value of SFCR and WC were lower than the average concentration of acidosis. In sacco DM disappearance rate of SFC was significantly(p<0.01) higher than WC.