• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Easy access to intervention and support for certain behaviors is important for obesity prevention and management. The available technology such as smartphone applications can be used for intervention regarding healthy food choices for obesity prevention and management in elementary-school students. The transtheoretical model (TTM) is comprised of stages and processes of change and can be adopted to tailored education for behavioral change. This study aims to develop TTM-based nutrition contents for mobile applications intended to change eating behaviors related to weight gain in young children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A synthesized algorithm for tailored nutrition messages was developed according to the intake status of six food groups (vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food and instant food, snacks, and late-night snacks), decision to make dietary behavioral changes, and self-confidence in dietary behavioral changes. The messages in this study were developed from December 2014 to April 2015. After the validity evaluation of the contents through expert consultation, tailored nutrition information messages and educational contents were developed based on the TTM. RESULTS: Based on the TTM, stages of subjects are determined by their current intake status, decision to make dietary behavioral changes, and self-confidence in dietary behavioral changes. Three versions of tailored nutrition messages at each TTM stage were developed so as to not send the same messages for three weeks at most, and visual materials such as figures and tables were developed to provide additional nutritional information. Finally, 3,276 tailored nutrition messages and 60 nutrition contents for applications were developed. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone applications may be an innovative medium to deliver interventions for eating behavior changes directly to individuals with favorable cost-effectiveness. In addition, using the TTM for tailored nutrition education for healthy eating is an effective approach.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.292-302
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• 2011

Adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) are known to play a major role in development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and intervention program is effective in reducing CVD risk factors. However, intervention program to improve the CVD risk factors including adipocytokines has been less studied. This study investigated the effects of 12-weeks worksite intervention program on cardiovascular risk factors, adipocytokines and nutrients intakes in industrial workers. 157 industrial male workers (32 metabolic syndrome (MS) subjects, 125 healthy subjects using age-matched stratified random sampling) received 5 face-to-face counseling based on their health profiles. Anthropometry, biochemical parameters and nutrients intakes were measured. The diagnosis of MS was adapted from modified NCEP-ATP III criteria (2001) and Asia-Pacific definition criteria (2000) for waist circumference (WC). After the intervention program, WC, BMI, SBP, insulin, leptin and intakes of total energy and fiber were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while adiponectin was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in MS subjects. The WC, BMI, SBP, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL-cholesterol, HbA1c, leptin and intakes of total energy, protein and fat were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and adiponectin was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in normal subjects. Multiple linear regression revealed that adiponectin was positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.01). Leptin was positively correlated with WC (p < 0.01), and resistin was positively correlated with HbA1c (p < 0.05) and intakes of total energy (p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). The results of the 12 weeks intervention showed a positive impact on adipocytokines and nutrients intakes of industrial workers to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Further research is needed to verify a tailored long-term worksite intervention program including adipocytokines as a protective factor for the CVD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2013

This study examined how achievement of session goals contributes to outcomes of subjects after participation in a 12-week lifestyle intervention program in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty office workers with MetS, aged $47.2{\pm}6.6$ years, participated in this study, from March to July, 2011. The intervention program included face-to-face counseling five times during the 12-week period. Counselors and subjects designed session goals for each round. The average of the goal achievement rate was calculated based on compliance for each round. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their tertiles of achievement rate: Low-compliance group (LC, < 59%), medium-compliance group (MC, 59-70%), and high-compliance group (HC, > 70%). Anthropometry, biochemical index, and nutrient intake were examined at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention program. After the intervention, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed a significant decrease in the LC group, and waist circumference (WC) showed a significant decrease in the MC group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) showed a significant decrease in the HI group. Changes in SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Changes in LDL were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05). Results for intake of total energy, protein, fat, and sodium, as well as rates of carbohydrate and fat intake, showed a significant decrease in all participants (p < 0.05). The change in fiber was significantly higher in the HC group than in the MC group (p < 0.05). The change of fruit serving size showed a significant increase in the HC group (p < 0.01). The number of risk factors for MetS showed a significant decrease in the LC and HC groups (p < 0.05), however, no significant mean differences were observed among the three groups. In conclusion, participation in this intervention program resulted in positive effects on risk factors for MetS, nutrient intake, and dietary habits, especially in the High-compliance group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.416-430
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effects of a personalized nutritional intervention program on food security and health and nutritional status of elderly people in the city of Seoul. Methods: A total of 372 elderly adults aged 65 years or above who resided in Seoul were enrolled in this study. Personalized supplementary food supply and nutritional education based on chronic disease status, disability and cooking ability were implemented for 4 months. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, nutrient intake, food security status, anemia status, chronic disease management, and frailty status, and prevalence of malnutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment) were examined. Results: After the program, all subjects displayed significantly increased nutrient intake. Before the intervention, all subjects were in a state of food insecurity; however, after the intervention, 37.1% of the subjects were food secure. Moreover, the rates of being at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition in subjects were decreased and instead rate of those who improved to normal increased to 29.8% from 0% of normal rate before the prevention. The rate of subjects without anemia increased from 18.7% to 28.5% after the intervention. In addition, the rate of subjects with intensive or periodic management of chronic diseases decreased, while those with occasional management of chronic diseases increased from 0% to 4.6%. Furthermore, the rates of being at risk of frailty and frailty were decreased and the normal rate increased from 0% to 9.7% instead. Age group-based analysis showed that elderly people over 80 years showed less improvement in the management of the chronic disease status and the frailty status. Conclusion: Personalized supplementary food supplies and nutritional education improved not only the nutritional status but also disease status in vulnerable older adults, and the effects were more significant in adults aged less than 80 years.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.340-352
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Colonic volvulus (CV), a common cause of bowel obstruction, often requires intervention. We aimed to identify hospitalization trends and CV outcomes in the United States. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample to identify all adult CV hospitalizations in the United States from 2007 to 2017. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and inpatient outcomes were highlighted. Outcomes of endoscopic and surgical management were compared. Results: From 2007 to 2017, there were 220,666 CV hospitalizations. CV-related hospitalizations increased from 17,888 in 2007 to 21,715 in 2017 (p<0.001). However, inpatient mortality decreased from 7.6% in 2007 to 6.2% in 2017 (p<0.001). Of all CV-related hospitalizations, 13,745 underwent endoscopic intervention, and 77,157 underwent surgery. Although the endoscopic cohort had patients with a higher Charlson comorbidity index, we noted lower inpatient mortality (6.1% vs. 7.0%, p<0.001), mean length of stay (8.3 vs. 11.8 days, p<0.001), and mean total healthcare charge ($68,126 vs. $106,703, p<0.001) compared to the surgical cohort. Male sex, increased Charlson comorbidity index scores, acute kidney injury, and malnutrition were associated with higher odds of inpatient mortality in patients with CV who underwent endoscopic management. Conclusions: Endoscopic intervention has lower inpatient mortality and is an excellent alternative to surgery for appropriately selected CV hospitalizations.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition counseling on improving metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors. Sixty-eight subjects were grouped according to their numbers of MS risk factors. Subjects who have three or more risk factors of MS were defined as "High risk", subjects who have two risk factors of MS were defined as "low risk", and subjects who have below two risk factors of MS were defined as "no risk" group. All groups finished nutrition counseling every three weeks for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, dietary assessments (24 hr-recall) and blood samples were measured at 0 and 12 weeks nutrition counseling. After 12 weeks of intervention, anthropometric data (weight, BMl, body fat (%), and waist/hip ratio) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all groups. Daily consumption of calorie was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the group of low risk and high risk. Blood level of fasting plasma glucose was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in all groups after 12 weeks of intervention. Significantly, the fasting plasma glucose level was returned to normal range in the high risk group. The number of people who have three or more risk factors of MS (high risk group) was decreased from 25 to 12. Sum of MS Criteria decreased from 85 to 52 in the group of MS and decreased from 143 to 99 in all groups. These results indicate that nutrition counseling for male workers at the worksite proved to be helpful by reducing the risk factors of MS and thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Continuing and systematic nutritional management programs should be developed and implemented for male workers at the worksites.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to investigate the perception and needs of community nutrition programs for 379 community residents of 23 health centers where the pilot community nutrition programs are intervening. The awareness rate of the nutrition programs was 54.3% and the reason of the awareness was mainly happened to know when visiting health centers'. More than 90% of the respondents responded that public health nutrition services are necessary. But the residents who experienced the nutrition services showed higher needs of the programs(97.3%) and improved the impression about the roles of health centers(93.6%). They also showed a higher rate of balanced dieting, stronger intentions to change their inappropriate eating style and a higher practicing rate. The more they believed in the provided nutrition information, the more they showed concerns about their diet and practicing rate of the advices from nutritionists. These results show the positive and successful impact of the pilot nutrition programs on the community residents. We need strategies for a more active improvement of the programs and to maintain more qualified public health nutritionists to carry out targeted community nutrition programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1366-1374
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• 2016

Most elderly have difficulties in managing food safety and nutrition by themselves. Various nutrition educations for the elderly have been developed, but food safety and nutrition education program and educational tools for the elderly are very limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate a food safety and nutrition education program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) for the elderly. Education program was implemented for 220 seniors (137 educated group and 83 control group) aged over 65 years at senior welfare community centers. The intervention study was carried out on a weekly basis during each of 5 weeks, and each session lasted about 35 or 40 minutes. The effectiveness of the program was assessed with a questionnaire before and after education. Education program consisted of a 5 week program, and topics were 'Dietary changes for the elderly's healthy life', 'Prevention of food poisoning in everyday life', 'Safe food handling for my health', 'Healthy dietary life to prevent chronic disease', and 'Safety! nutrition! healthy dietary life'. Education program materials such as slides, handouts, videos, leaflet, and booklets were developed. As a result, there were score improvements in knowledge, dietary behaviors, and health belief after intervention in the intervention group, which were higher than those of the control group. In particular, there was a meaningful interrelation between dietary behavior and health belief (r=0.520, P<0.001). This finding suggests that changing beliefs is very important to make desirable dietary behavioral changes. For this reason, we can conclude HBM theory is an effective model to educate nutrition and food safety for the elderly. Furthermore, food safety and nutrition education programs are implemented and delivered continuously at various settings such as a health center or community welfare center, and those will contribute significantly to enhance perception and change their desirable dietary behaviors for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1492-1500
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low calorie meal substitute and weight control preparation containing dietary fibers, ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitor and hydroxycitrate on the reduction of body weight and visceral fat in obese women. Sixteen pre-menoposal healthy women (age: 20∼50 y, body mass index >25) who were living in the Daejeon area participated in this study. We replaced one meal of the subject with low calorie meal substitute and fed the weight control preparation twice a day for 9 weeks. Anthropometric indices, body composition, dietary intake and stool movements were investigated every 3 weeks during the dietary intervention. The blood was collected before and after the dietary intervention. Results are as follows: 1) The subjects' body weight, body fat, BMI, waist, hip and abdominal adipose tissue decreased gradually and significantly between 3rd and 9th week after intervention. 2) The levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, the indicators of liver dysfunction such as activities of ALT, AST and ALP, and bilirubin level were within a normal range and not affected significantly by dietary intervention. 3) Hemoglobin levels increased significantly and blood urea nitrogen level decreased. 4) Their stool movement was improved 5) Compared with the baseline values, calorie intake decreased by 17.5∼21.9% and the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B2, folate, Ca, Fe, and Zn were below 80% of Korean RDA. In conclusion, the intake of low calorie meal substitute and weight control preparation could be effective in reduction of body weight and fat mass, improving the stool movement and the general physical symptoms.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2004

Children are the most nutrition sensitive sub-group of a population. The nutritional status of children should be especially emphasized at all levels. This study was performed to investigate the current status, trend, and influencing factors to malnutrition of infants and children in China. The study was mainly based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey which is a longitudinal study conducted in 8 provinces and the data on growth of children under 7 years of age in 9 cities in China. The result of this study showed that one fifth of the children under 5 years of age are still suffering from stunted growth and one tenth suffering from underweight. The nutrition intervention on children under 2 years of age, especially on those under 18 months should be emphasized. Better supplementary food can improve the nutritional status to decrease the prevalence of stunted children. Therefore, the development of supplementary food should be the priority and should be emphasized with breastfeeding.