• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.240-247
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• 1997

Bacillary is the most common form of H. pylori observed during human infection. However, it is known that the morphology change of H. pylori from bacillary to coccoid can be occurred with a response to the environmental stresses such as the nutrient depletion, accumulation of toxic metabolites, pH alteration, and exposure to antimicrobial agents. The coccoid form of H. pylori, which is viable but non-culturable in vitro, seems to be the major cause of antibiotic resistancy and high reinfectability of H. pylori. In this regard, we studied the environmental factors that can induce the morphological change in vitro of H. pylori, and the change of fatty acid composition of plasma membrane. The morphological change from bacillary to coccoid could be observed with the depletion of nutrients, pH variation and reactive oxygen species added in the culture media. This morphologic conversion was paralleled by a dramatic decrease in unsaturated fatty acids and an increase in saturated fattv acids of plasma membrane. The change in composition of membrane fatty acid seems to be a kind of protection mechanism of H. pylori against these environmental stresses.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

The skeletal muscle in our body is a major site for bioenergetics and metabolism during exercise. Carbohydrates and fats are the primary nutrients that provide the necessary energy required to maintain cellular activities during exercise. The metabolic responses to exercise in glucose and lipid regulation depend on the intensity and duration of exercise. Because of the increasing prevalence of obesity, recent studies have focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Accumulation of intramyocellular lipid may lead to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In addition, lipid intermediates (e.g., fatty acyl-coenzyme A, diacylglycerol, and ceramide) impair insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Recently, emerging evidence linking obesity-induced insulin resistance to excessive lipid oxidation, mitochondrial overload, and mitochondrial oxidative stress have been provided with mitochondrial function. This review will provide a brief comprehensive summary on exercise and skeletal muscle metabolism, and discuss the potential mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.763-772
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• 2018

Objective: Swine manure in Korea is separated into solid and liquid phases which are composted separately and then applied on land. The nutrient accumulation in soil has been a big issue in Korea but the basic investigation about nutrient input on arable land has not been achieved in detail. Within the nutrient production from livestock at the national level, most values are calculated by multiplication of the number of animals with the excreta unit per animal. However, the actual amount of nutrients from swine manure may be totally different with the nutrients applied to soil since livestock breeding systems are not the same with each country. Methods: This study investigated 15 farms producing solid compost and 14 farms producing liquid compost. Composting for solid phase used the Turning+Aeration (TA) or Turning (T) only methods, while liquid phase aeration composting was achieved by continuous (CA), intermittent (IA), or no aeration (NA). Three scenarios were constructed for investigating solid compost: i) farm investigation, ii) reference study, and iii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), whereas an experiment for water evaporation was conducted for analyzing liquid compost. Results: In farm investigation, weight loss rates of 62% and 63% were obtained for TA and T, respectively, while evaporation rates for liquid compost were 8.75, 7.27, and $5.14L/m^2{\cdot}d$ for CA, IA, and NA, respectively. Farm investigation provided with the combined nutrient load (solid+liquid) of VS, N, and P of 117.6, 7.2, and $2.7kg/head{\cdot}yr$. Nutrient load calculated from farm investigation is about two times higher than the calculated with reference documents. Conclusion: The nutrient loading coefficients from one swine (solid+liquid) were (volatile solids, 0.79; nitrogen, 0.53; phosphorus, 0.71) with nutrient loss of 21%, 47%, and 29%, respectively. The nutrient count from livestock manure using the excretion unit has probably been overestimated without consideration of the nutrient loss.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2112-2118
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• 2017

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers ($9.85{\times}10^8CFU/ml$) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

속리산 국립공원 내 용바위골 지역(a.s.1. 560∼640 m)의 신갈나무림에서 토양에 축적된 유기탄소, 질소, 인 및 칼륨의 함량을 측정하고 또 O1son(1963)의 부지수곡선 모델을 적용하여 낙엽의 분해상수(k)와 분해시간(t)를 측정하였다. 유기탄소량은 L층 231.25 g $m^{-2}$, F층 291.50 g $m^{-2}$, H층 166.91 g $m^{-2}$, 그리고 $A_1$층 174.51 g $m^{-2}$, 로 L층과 F층에서 높은 함량을 보였고, 질소함량 역시 L층과 F층에서 각각 17.47 mg $g^{-1}$, 17.00 mg $g^{-1}$으로 많았으며, 인과 칼륨함량은 H층과 $A_1$층에서 433.34 mg $g^{-1}$ 392.74 mg $g^{-1}$ 및 2,323.31 mg $g^{-1}$, 2,155.57 mg $g^{-1}$으로 다른 토양층에 비하여 많았다. 토양 속 유기물의 분해상수는 유기탄소 k = 0.3657, 질소 k = 0.3319, 인 k = 0.2050, 칼륨 k = 0.0934이였고, 99%가 분해되는데 소요되는 시간은 유기탄소 13.94년, 질소 15.18년, 인 24.79년 그리고 칼륨 55.11년으로 순환 cycle이 없는 칼륨이 분해되는데 가장 오랜 시간이 소요되는 것으로 측정되었다. 신갈나무림에서 매년 유입되는 영양염류량과 집적층에 축적되는 영양염류량을 Turbo Pascal로 Programming한 후 신갈나무 군락의 상태를 진단해 본 결과, 임상에 유입된 유기탄소 중 87.67%인 714.84 mg $g^{-1}$, 축적된 유기탄소 중 81.62%인 1,594.62 g mg $g^{-1}$이 분해되어 유입되는 양과 분해되는 양이 거의 비슷하였다. 질소, 인 그리고 칼륨도 유입되는 영양염류량과 분해되는 영양염류량이 비슷하여 안정상태(steady state)를 유지하고 있는 군락으로 판단되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.647-657
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• 2013

시설재배지 토양에 녹비작물의 재배가 Biomass-C와 토양 양분의 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 pot(${\phi}$10-cm)에 헤어리벳치, 호밀, 발랭이를 70일간 재배 후 식물체와 토양을 분리하여 분석한 결과가 다음과 같다. 녹비작물의 생육량은 호밀이 가장 많았으며, 질수흡수량은 헤어리벳치가 가장 높게 나타났다. 호밀 재배구가 토양의 인산함량은 가장 낮았으며, biomass C는 가장 높게 나타났다. 시험 후 토양의 질소함량과 식물체 질소 흡수량은 고도의 부의 상관을 보였다. T-N 함량은 헤어리벳치 시험구에서는 증가하였지만, 호밀과 바랭이 재배구에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 요약해볼 때 시설재배지에서 가장 중요한 것이 토양의 염류집적(EC) 인데 시험 후 토양에서 대조구에 비해서 콩과인 헤어리벳치는 EC가 약간 증가했고 다른 무기성분은 큰 변화가 없으며, 화본과인 호밀은 EC와 다른 무기성분도 약간 감소하는 경향으로 시설연작재배지에서는 화본과 작물이 염류집적 경감을 위해서 유리하다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.226-236
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• 2009

The performance of phytoremediation has proven effective in the removal of nutrients and metals from aqueous systems. However, little information is available regarding the behavior of pesticides and their removal pathways in aquatic environments involving plant-uptake. A detailed understanding of the kinetics of pesticide removal by plants and information on compound/plant partition coefficients can lead to an effective design of the phytoremediation process for anthropogenic pesticide reduction. It was determined that the reduction rates of four organophosphorus (OP) and two organochlorine (OC) pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, malathion, parathion, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene [HCB]) could be simulated by first-order reaction kinetics. The magnitude of k was dependent on the pesticide species and found within the range of 0.409 - 0.580 $d^{-1}$. Analytical results obtained by mass balances suggested that differential chemical stability, including diversity of molecular structure, half-lives, and water solubility, would greatly influence the removal mechanisms and pathways of OPs and OCs in a phytoreactor (PR). In the case of OP pesticides, plant accumulation was an important pathway for the removal of fenitrothion and parathion from water, while pesticide sorption in suspended matter (SM) was an important pathway for removal of dieldrin and HCB. The magnitude of the pesticide migration factor (${\Large M}_p^{pesticide}$) is a good indication of determining the tendency of pesticide movement from below- to above-ground biomass. The uncertainties related to the different phenomena involved in the laboratory phyto-experiment are also discussed.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduced nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertigation as additional fertilizer on tomato yield and nutrient contents in excessively nutrients-accumulated soil. Shoot and root dry weights (DW), dry matter rate for shoot, root and fruit and number of fruit in both AF50 and AF100 (50 and 100% levels of additional fertilizer) treatments were increased in comparison with those in AF0 (0% level of additional fertilizer) treatment. In case of nutrient uptake by tomato, nitrogen, phosphorous (P) and potassium contents in all tomato parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) in AF50 and AF100 treatment were lower than those in AF0 treatment. On the contrary, soluble sugar and starch contents in all tomato parts in AF50 and AF100 were higher than those in AF0 treatment. There were differences between AF0 and AF50 or AF100 in tomato growth, yield, nutrient level and contents of soluble sugar and starch. In contrast, the level and initiation point of fertigation did not significantly affect the parameters. Based on our results, the application of properly reduced level of additional fertilizer is possible to maintain the productivity of tomato and alleviate the nutrient accumulation in plastic film house soils.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1997

도시하수 슬러지를 경작지에 투입하여 상추를 재배하였을때 그 양분으로서의 효과와 식물체 내의 중금속 축적을 조사하였다. 토양에 질소함량을 기준으로 6개의 처리구로 나누어 슬러지를 투입하여 상추를 재배한 결과는 다음과 같다.질소를 요소로 주입한 대조구에서 슬러지 처리구보다 잎과 뿌리의 길이도 길고 무게도 무거웠다. 슬러지로 처리한 구에서는 슬러지의 투입량이 많아질수록 잎과 뿌리의 길이도 길었고 무게도 무거웠다. 식물체내의 N, K, Ca, Mg는 처리간 차이가 없었고 P의 양은 처리간 차이가 있었다. 상추의 Zn 함량은 슬러지 200%처리구에서 65.8 mg/kg으로 다른 처리구보다는 높았다. 상추의 Zn, Mn, Cd의 축적량은 근채인 알타리 무에 비하여 높았으며, 근채의 잎 부분, 뿌리 부분의 순으로 축적량이 낮았다. 그러나 상추의 Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd 의 축적량도 시중 채소류의 자연 함유량 이내 이었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.246-246
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• 2017

Salinity inhibits plant growth and restricts the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The selective uptake of nutrients from the soil and their effective transport to host roots make it essential for plant growth and development under salt stress. AMF spore associated bacteria shown to improve mycorrhizal efficiency under stress. Thus, this study aimed to understand the co-inoculation efficiency of AMF and SAB on maize growth and ion homeostasis under salt stress. Two AMF strains and one SAB were inoculated with maize either alone or in combination with one another. The results of our study showed that AMF and SAB co-inoculation significantly improved dry weight and nutrient uptake of maize under salt stress. Co-inoculation significantly reduced proline accumulation in shoots and Na+ accumulation in roots. Co-inoculation treatment also exhibited the high K+/Na+ ratios in roots at 25 mM NaCl. Mycorrhizal colonization showed positive influence for regulation of ZmAKT2, ZmSOS1 and ZmSKOR gene expressions, contributing to K+ and Na+ ion homeostasis. CLSM view showed that SAB were able move and localize into inter and intra cellular spaces of maize roots. In addition, CLSM view of AMF spores showed that gfp-tagged SAB also associated on the spore outer hyaline layer.