• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.35-56
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• 1994

This article was intended to survey whether Roy' Adapation model ('Roy Model') can be applied to family health assessment and to study whether application of the Roy Model to a Korean family is feasible. under the Roy Model, a family is viewed as an adaptation system having a series of process of input. process, feedback, and output. Further, the Roy Model indicates that a family contains Physiolosical, self-concept. role function and interdependent mode in respect of internal or external stimuli. In the event where the family health assessed, the adaptation mode of that family must be assess at the first stage. Then, the focal, contextual, residual stimuli affecting the family must be assessed. In 1984 Hanson suggested four types of family adaptation mode based upon the Roy Model and thereby enhanced the possibility for family health assessment. In order survey whether the Roy Model can be applied to the Korean family, the author of this article contracted adults of 169 who live in 'A' city to make open questions regarding family and then analyzed responses from them by utilizing Roy model. This study categorized family Adaptation mode based upon the' four types of family adaptation mode developed by Hanson. As a result of this study, family adaptation mode was categorized into 117 concepts. Those 117 concepts are consisted or Physiolosical mode of 47. self­concept mode of 56, role function mode of 9 and interdependent mode of 5. Further. stimuli affecting family were classified based upon Roy's definition as to three types of stimuli. Stimuli on a family are comprised focal stimuli concept of 19, contextual stimuli concepts of 19, one residual stimuli concept. this result implies that the Roy's Model can be applied to Korean family. Physiological mode shows meaning of survival. while self-concept mode reflects meaning of growth and emphasizes harmony among the family based on the familism. The role function mode shows continuity rather control of family member. By contrast, interdependent mode shows interaction with community to which the family belongs. but the degree of interaction does not appear too high. The analysis of family stimuli led this study to conclude that troubles within a family. changes in family structure and diease of family member generate stimuli. However, an application of the Roy Model contains the following problems: First, Roy argued that the family adaptation mode should be assessed at the first level family health assessment and then stimuli affecting family adaptation should be adaptation assessed at the second stage. To the belief of the author of this article. however, for checking family adaptation level. focal, contextual, residual stimuli should be confirmed by assessing stimuli at first stage. Then, the family adaptation mode in respect of such stimuli should be assessed. The rationale for this is that the family adaptation level is determined depending on degree of strength of focal. contextual. residual stimuli. Second. Whall (1991) raised a question 'Does one assess family adaptation mode and intervene in the stimuli?' 'Likewise, assessment of the family adaptation should be made in the following manner in order for family health to be enhanced. Third. Roy believes that additional stimuli (such as contextual and residual) are same as internal process (including nurturance. support, and socialization). However, the basis for this Roy's belief is not too clear. In spite of these problems which the author indicated above, it can be concluded that the Roy Model can serve as a good device for an assessment of family health and that the Roy Model can be applied to a Korean family. Finally, further research of family adaptation theory and family nursing theory is required for a development of these theories.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

영성은 인간의 본질적인 부분으로 말기 환자와 가족의 실제적인 영적요구 충족을 위한 영적돌봄은 HPC에서 가장 중요한 영역이다. 말기환자와 가족의 실제적인 영적요구에 부응하는 돌봄모형을 확인하기 위해 최근 보건의료계에서 가장 많이 사용하는 국 내외 database를 검색하여 분석한 결과, 영성은 전인적 존재인 인간의 본질적인 부분으로, 삶의 위기상황에 더욱 충족되어야 할 존재론적 특성으로서, 말기 환자의 영성평가는 HPCT이 기본적으로 갖추어야 할 역량임이 확인되었다. HPC에 evidence based theory로 활용 가능한 총 10개의 모델이 제시되었다. 세 개의 모델들은 영적돌봄 결과에 초점을 둔 모델로서, spiritual health, QOL, and coping을 중요한 outcome으로 보는 모델들이었다. 영적돌봄수행에 초점을 둔 모델은 7개였으며, HPCT의 다학제간 협력을 통한 돌봄과정을 나타낸 'Wholeperson Care Model', 인간의 보편적인 실존적 요구충족이 보완된 'An Existential Functioning Model', 대상자의 문화적, 그 외 다양성을 고려하는 'An Open Pluralism View', HPCT와 말기환자와의 관계중심모델인 'A spiritual-relational view' and 'The Framework of Systemic Organization', 영적돌봄과정의 전체적 역동을 설명하는 'The principal components model' and 'The Actioning Spirituality and Spiritual care in Education and Training model'이 있다. 이러한 모델을 토대로 HPC에서 가장 최선의 영적돌봄 모델 구축을 위한 지속적인 임상연구 노력이 계속될 필요가 있겠다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2022

European integration processes have acted as a catalyst for the emergence of a new type of educational environment, which is characterized by competent flexibility of specialists. Therefore, the article focuses on professional training of teachers in the context of European integration processes using information technology and the search for innovative methods of training specialists. One of the educational priorities in Europe is to create a new model of a teacher who has an academic education, knows innovative methods, is able to perform functions and tasks efficiently and professionally, adequately, quickly and correctly respond to changes and innovations. The tasks facing education in the European dimension are formulated. The main trends in the education of teachers in modern Europe are described: the need to deepen and expand subject training programs in pedagogical institutions of Higher Education, which will allow autonomy of activity, awareness of responsibility for independent creative decisions, create favorable conditions for the development of professionalism through the use of Information Technology and the search for innovative methods of training specialists. At the present stage, various models of teacher training are being developed based on the University and practical concept using information technology and searching for innovative methods of training specialists. On this basis, two different theories of perception of teacher education were formed: as preparation of teachers for work throughout their professional career; as preparation for the first years of professional work, which is periodically repeated in the process of continuous professional training and improvement. Among the advantages that the use of Information Technology and the search for innovative methods of training specialists to implement the learning process, it is worth mentioning the following: simultaneous use of several channels of perception of the student or student in the learning process, thanks to which the integration of information processed by different sensory organs is achieved; the ability to simulate complex real experiments; visualization of abstract information by dynamic representation of processes, etc.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.413-431
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the family whose child has died of cancer The qualitative re-search method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 17 mothers who had cared for a child who had died of cancer Traditionally in Korea, mothers are the care givers in the family and are considered sensitive to the family's thoughts, feelings. The data were collected through in-depth interviews by the investigator over a period of nine months. The data were analyzed simultaniously by a constant comparative method in which new data are continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. The 16 concepts which were found as a result of analyzing the grounded data were, -left over time, the empty place, meaninglessness, inner sadness, situational sadness, heartache, physical pain, guilt, resentment, regret, support / stigmatization, finding meaning in the death, changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and changing family relations. Five categories emerged from the analysis. They were emptiness, consisting of left over time, the empty place and meaninglessness ; sadness, consisting of inner sadness and situational sadness ; pain, consisting of heartache and physical pain ; bitterness, consisting of guilt, resentment, regret, sup-port / stigmatization and finding meaning in the death : and transition, consisiting of changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and changing family relations. These categories were synthesized into the core concept, -the process of filling the empty space. The core phenomenon was emptiness. Emptiness varied with the passing of time, was perceived differently according to support / stigmatization and finding meaning in the death, was followed by sad-ness, pain, and bitterness, and finally resulted in changes in attitudes about life and living and about health, and in changes in religious practice and family relations. The process of filling the empty space proceeded by ① accepting realty, ② searching for the reason for the child's death, ③ controlling the bitter feelings, ④ reconstructing the relationships ameng death, illness and health and ⑤ filling the emptiness by resolving causes of child's death, adopting, having another child or with work. Six hypotheses were derived from the analysis. ① The longer the bereavement, the mere the empty space becomes filled. ② The longer the hospitalization, the more sup-port the family needs. ③ The more the sadness, pain and bitterness are expressed, the mere positive changes emerge. ④ Family support faciliates the process of filling the empty space. ⑤ Higher family cohesiveness faciliates the process of filling the empty space. ⑥ The greater the variety of reasons attributed to the child's death, the greater the variety of patterns of change. Four propositions related to emptiness and bitter-ness were developed. ① When the sense of emptiness is great and bitterness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the longer the process of fill-ing the empty space. ② When the sense of emptiness is great and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the shorter the process of filling the empty space. ③ When the sense of emptiness is less and bitter-ness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the process of filling the empty space is delayed. ④ When the sense of emptiness is less and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the process of filling the empty space goes on to completion. Through this substantive theory, nurses under-stand the importance of emptiness and bitterness in helping the family that has lost a child through cancer fill the empty space. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other losses may con-tribute to a formal theory of how family health is restored after human tragedies are experienced.

• 한국노년학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.431-446
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• 2012

본 연구는 노년초월 이론과 Erikson & Erikson의 9단계 이론을 소개함으로써, 고령화 시대에 접어든 우리나라에서 노화를 보다 긍정적이면서 새로운 관점에서 바라볼 수 있도록 하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 기존에 알려진 Erikson의 인간발달 8단계의 확장이론인 Erikson & Erikson의 9단계 이론에 대해 살펴보도록 하겠다. 또한 이 이론의 가장 대표적인 현상으로 소개하는 '노년초월(Gerotranscendence)'에 대해 살펴보고, 우리나라 노년학계에서의 활용방안 등에 대하여 모색해보고자 한다. 노년초월의 개념은 Tornstam(1994)에 의해 처음 제기되었고 이후 Erikson & Erikson(1997)의 9단계이론으로 알려지게 되었다. 노년초월이란 중년기 이후 노년기에 접어든 개인이 "인생의 전반적인 시각을 물질주의적이고 합리적인 시각에서 보다 우주적이고 초월적인 시각으로 변화시키는 것"로 정의될 수 있다. 노년초월은 많은 노인들에게 나타나는 자기 초월의 자발적 과정으로서, 사회적으로 정의되는 자기(self)에게 덜 의존하게 되고, 내면성이 증가하고 이전 세대와 미래 세대와의 연결감이 더 커지는 것이다. 본 연구에서 분석한 노년초월에 대한 이론적 평가를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 Erikson & Erikson의 9단계 이론과 그 대표적인 현상으로 인식되는 노년초월 이론을 처음으로 소개하여 노년학 이론의 적용범위를 확대하였다. 둘째, 노인복지 실천현장에서 노인에 대한 인식을 새롭게 할 수 있는 관점을 제공하였다. 셋째, 노년초월 이론을 우리나라에서 적용시키고 확대시킴으로써 다른 학문 분야와의 폭넓은 연구교류의 장을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.