• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

Recently, small and medium-sized hospitals which are located in rural areas have many difficulties in securing high quality nurses. That is because working environments for nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas are poor compared with those of big hospitals in urban. As a result, the migration of nurses from small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas to big hospitals in urban is continuously happening. In general, big hospitals provide nurses with high level of salary and fringe benefits. To prevent the migration of nurses, chief executive officers of small & medium hospitals in rural areas have been interested in improving nurses' working conditions including wages. Also, they have raised nurses' salary and improved working conditions. But, basically these individualized efforts have some limit. In connection with this, medical interest groups have produced various voices in terms of interpretation and solutions for these issues. However, from the future perspectives, it seems evident that two approaches for both manpower supply and demand plans of nurses are necessary. They should contain not only accurate estimation of the supply-demand of nursing manpower but also the improvement of working conditions and wages of nurses. Estimation of nursing manpower supply-demand depends on the standards and criteria being used. Supply and demand may be met or not in accordance with the points emphasized on the decision. In the articles, issues regarding nursing manpower, levels of salary, other working conditions and social support system for child care are discussed. According to Joe's report (2005), most health institutions did not meet the guidelines of nurse staffing in Medical Law. The wages of nurse vary on every hospital and there is a big difference in wages' range. The average starting salary for a nurse is 22 million won a year. In case of tertiary hospitals, it reaches up to 30 million won a year. Nurse as a profession should have a strong responsibility and should take care of the patients for 24 hours with three working shifts. Also, most of them are female who have the burden of child rearing. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the salary, to provide comfortable working conditions, and to have social support system for nurses with household affairs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 1994

To build a suitable National Health Care System for the coming 21s1 century, Nursing must also be renewed. The future Korea will be united and the majority of its population will raidly consist of the aged. Economically standing on the same level with developed countries the growth of scientific technologies will foster communications, firing astounding changes in the medical field. While the overall life style pattern of Koereans not to mention the structure of diseases undergo change, the possibility that the reckless induction of high-tech health care may only cause medical fees to eascafate. It can전so be expected that the health care system will evolve towards the consumers. Nursing in the 21s1 century will be of two scenarios according to WHO, which presents the role of the nurse. The first scenario is that "a gen-eric health care work force" namely a "care giver" will replace all other health professions. If Nursing does not become the compatent profession fitting to this purpose it will eventually dei out. The second scenario is that nurses who are educated in a well grounded and extensive general background and have command of a specialized area will undertake services varying from health pro-motion to treatment and rehabilitation both direct and indirectly, while supervising other personnel. The nurse here would become the "care giver". To become the necessary health care profession in the 21s1 century, nurses should be provided with more educational opportunities, variating in its con-tents, course, and system, enabling them to grow. Clair Faign points out that the minimal educational entry for the nursing profession is a 4 year undergraduate education in this aspect, now in the time to set the future of Nursing into the course of the first scenario. A new educational system stipulating a baccalaureate nursing degree is in urgent need, and aside from govermental actions nurse themseives should formaily officiallze this process, striving for quality assurance. While considering 6 years nursing education programs, multifarious degree courses for existing 3 years educated nurse should be provided Junior nursing schools must devise measures to grow into baccalaucate institutions, also. Among the existing courses, the Self Study Degree Program should be converted into RN, BSN courese provided by universities, and clinical training for the University on the Air must be supplimented, The possibility of establishing nursing courses into commercial high school programs only jeopardizes the development of the nursing profession.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develop the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist. This study was a descriptive survey. The data were collected 143 nurses who were worked in rehabilitation unit at 4 university hospital and 3 rehabilitation center in Korea from Aug. to Nov. 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 78 items developed by the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist in A.R.N. and the practice contents of care at rehabilitation unit in Korea. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, S.D. ANOVA The results are as follows 1. For the adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing, area of skin care is the highest score, and safety, elimination, emotion, respiration, was ordered. 2. The adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing according to age, educational level, position, clinical experience, clinical experience in rehabilitation unit were significant difference.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.107-133
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze a trend of profitability classified by characteristics of hospitals and to analyze related factors. The data for this study were derived from survey material conducted by the Korean Hospital Association on 33 hospitals in Korea between 1993 and 2002. Profitability was measured in the aspect of investment profit rate and operation profit rate with net profit to total assets, normal profit to total assets and operating margin to gross revenue as dependent variables. Independent variables were classified by general factors (ownership, number of beds, period of establishment, region), financial factors (total asset turnover, liabilities to total assets, current ratio, fixed ratio, inventories turnover, personnel costs per operation profit, material costs per operation profits), composition of manpower and facilities(personnel and area per beds), productivity index(the number of daily patients per medical doctor, the number of daily patients per nurse), the score of quality assurance activities. First, Concerning the specialists per beds or area per beds and profitability of hospitals there was not statistically significant. Second, Those hospitals having the most daily patients per nurse had significantly higher profitability than the others, but the number of daily patients per medical doctor had little effect on the profitability. Thirds, Those hospitals having a higher proportion total asset turnover tended to show significantly higher profitability compared to other hospitals, but the liabilities to total assets and liquidity ratio had a little difference to the profitability. Those hospitals having a higher proportion personnel costs per operation profit and material costs per operation profits tended to show significantly lower hospital profitability compared to other hospitals. Fourth, In regression analysis, hospital profitability had negative relationship with personnel costs per operation profit or material costs per operation profits. While it had positive relationship with total asset turnover, the number of daily patients per nurse. In conclusion, private hospitals had higher profitability than that of public hospitals. Though factors related to profitability of hospital were different according to ownership, it is important for securing appropriate profitability by operating appropriate number of nurse, raising total asset turnover, and reducing personnel costs, material costs per operation profits. This study can be used as a baseline data for planning of hospital management. But the study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size. However, this longitudinal observation of 33 hospitals over ten year period has significant merit alone.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.153-163
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' ethical dilemma and professionalism in long-term care hospitals. Participants in this study were 210 nurses working in 14 long-term care hospitals. Data analysis was done using SPSS / WIN 24.0 program. As a result of this study, the ethical dilemma of the nurse was moderate. The highest sub-area was 'nurse-patient relationship' and 'respect of life and human rights' was the lowest sub-area. The professionalism of the subjects was moderate, and the score of 'sense of mission' area was the lowest. Nursing ethics guidelines should be developed that reflect the ethical dilemma of nurses in long-term care hospitals, and will provide the right values for the ethical dilemma that nurses face in their workplace. When planning the nurses' professionalism education, it is necessary to have a strategy to enhance the sense of mission by emphasizing beliefs and values about nursing care.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2018

Objectives: The study was conducted to understand job stress and fatigue conditions by dividing nurses in a polyclinic-level public medical institution, Seoul with more than 600 beds into ward nurses and non-ward nurses and to comprehend sub-areas of job stress that affect fatigue. Methods: A survey was conducted from August 18 2014 to September 12 2014, so 216 cases were analyzed by using PASW statistics 18.0. Results: Job stress of ward nurses is significantly high in the psychological burden of nursing service area and medical limit. Fatigue of ward nurses is also higher. As a result of multiple Linear regression, nursing service area affects fatigue of ward nurses and there is no significant influence factors in non-ward nurses. Conclusion: Therefore, mental health education and interest of hospital in nursing service area are more needed for ward nurses with high job stress and fatigue among nurses.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.15 no.3 s.83
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• pp.44-50
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• 1976

From 13th of sept to 15th of Nov. in 1975 A Survey was Conducted to know the degree of knowledge and the attitudes for the V.D. and the situations of present life o 102 prostitutes registered to the V.D. Clinic Center Paju-gun. Kyung ki province, the conc

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1980

Analysis of particle size distribution of a sample of fine aluminum hydroxide powder was carried out by four different methods, i. e., conductivity, air permeability, gas-adsorption and sedimentation. Each method was reproducible. The results obtained by Coulter counter and sedimentation balance were similar, and the data obtained by Lea and Nurse permeameter and Stroehlein areameter were also similar. But the results differ considerabley between the former and the latter. The advantages and disavantages of each method were discussed briefly and a means of comparing the results with those obtianed by surface area measurements was shown.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.385-411
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• 2008

The goal of medicine is to contribute to promoting national health by preventing diseases and providing treatment. The scope of modern medicine isn't merely confined to disease testing, treatment and prevention in accordance to that, and making experiments by using the human body is widespread. The advance in modern medicine has made a great contribution to valuing human dignity and actualizing a manly life, but there is a problem that has still nagged modern medicine: treatment and healing for terminal patients including cancer patients. In advanced countries, pain care and hospice medicine are already universal. Offering a helping hand for terminal patients to lead a less painful and more manly life from diverse angles instead of merely focusing on treatment is called the very hospice medicine. That is a comprehensive package of medical services to take care of death-facing terminal patients and their families with affection. That is providing physical, mental and social support for the patients to pass away in peace after living a dignified and decent life, and that is comforting their bereaved families. The National Hospice Organization of the United States provides terminal patients and their families with sustained hospital care and home care in a move to lend assistance to them. In our country, however, tertiary medical institutions simply provide medical care for terminal patients to extend their lives, and there are few institutional efforts to help them. Hospice medicine is offered mostly in our country by non- professionals including doctors, nurses, social workers, pastors or physical therapists. Terminal patients' needs cannot be satisfied in the same manner as those of other patients, and it's needed to take a different approach to their treatment as well. Nevertheless, the focus of medical care is still placed on treatment only, which should be taken seriously. Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service held a public hearing on May 21, 2008, on the cost of hospice care, quality control and demonstration project to gather extensive opinions from the academic community, experts and consumer groups to draw up plans about manpower supply, facilities and demonstration project, but the institutions are not going to work on hospice education, securement of facilities and relevant legislation. In 2002, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs made an official announcement to introduce a hospice nurse system to nurture nurse specialists in this area. That ministry legislated for the qualifications of advanced nurse practitioner and a hospice nurse system(Article 24 and 2 in Enforcement Regulations for the Medical Law), but few specific plans are under way to carry out the regulations. It's well known that the medical law defines a nurse as a professional health care worker, and there is a move to draw a line between the responsibilities of doctors and those of nurses in association with medical errors. Specifically, the roles of professional hospice are increasingly expected to be accentuated in conjunction with treatment for terminal patients, and it seems that delving into possible problems with the job performance of nurses and coming up with workable countermeasures are what scholars of conscience should do in an effort to contribute to the development of medicine and the realization of a dignified and manly life.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2003

Purpose: To identify the essential characteristics of pain which nurse have to obtain for patients with chest pain, 92 patients who were admitted in medical units to take intensive tests for heart disease were investigated cross-sectionally. Method: Duration, severity, stress, anxiety, perceived severity, number of painful area, number of accompanying symptoms, triggering activity, and pattern were included as the characteristics of pain. Ejection fraction of left ventricle and number of involved area detected by ultrasonography and number of diseased coronary artery detected by cardiac catheterization were assessed as the variables of heart disease extent. Result: Severity of pain was found to be correlated with all three variables of heart disease extent. Perceived severity and number of accompanying symptoms were correlated with two of them. Anxiety, number of painful area and pattern were related with the number of involved area. Conclusion: Pain severity reported by patients is found to be the most important variable to be obtained from patient. Variables such as perceived severity, number of accompanying symptoms, anxiety, number of painful area and pattern also have to be carefully assessed to anticipate the extent of heart disease.