• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1997

Static and non-static flame methods were used to measure the laminar burning velocity of methane, ethane and natural gas. The flame slot angle and velocity of unburned gas mixture were determined by Schlieren method and LDV, respectively, for static flame. The diameter of nozzle was selected as 11 mm. The experimental results containing the stretch effect showed that the maximum burning velocities were 41.5 for natural gas, 40.8 for methane and 43.4 cm/sec for ethane on equivalence ratio of 1.1. Constant volume combustion chamber was also used for non-static flame. The propagation process of flame front was visualized by high speed camera during constant pressure. The maximum burning velocity of natural gas was determined as 42.1 cm/sec on equivalence ratio of 1.15.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2016

A numerical study on lifted flame structure in impinging jet geometry with syngas composition ratio was investigated. The numerical calculations including chemical kinetic analysis were conducted using SPIN application of the CHEMKIN Package with Davis-Mechanism. The flame temperature and velocity profiles were calculated at the steady state for one-dimensional stagnation flow geometry. Syngas mixture compositions were adjusted such as $H_2:CO=10:90(10P)$, 20 : 80 (20P), 30 : 70 (30P), 40 : 60 (40P), 50 : 50 (50P). As composition ratios are changed from 10P to 50P, the axial velocity and flame temperature increase because the contents of hydrogen that have faster burning velocity increase. This phenomenon is due to increase in good reactive radicals such as H, OH radical. As a result of active reactivity, the burning velocity is more faster and this is confirmed by numerical methods. Consequently, combustion reaction zone was moved to burner nozzle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.662-669
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• 1994

In the combustion system, the optimum spray conditions reduce the pollutant emission of exhaust gas and enhance the fuel efficiency. The spray characteristics-the drop size, the drop velocity, the number density and the mass flux, become increasingly important in the design of combustor and in testifying numerical simulation of spray flow in the combustor. The purposes of this study are to clarify the spray characteristics of twin-fluid nozzle and to offer the data for combustor design and the numerical simulation of a spray flow. Spatial drop diameter was measured by immersion sampling method. The mean diameter, size distribution and uniformity of drop were analyzed with variations of air/liquid mass flow ratio. The results show that the SMD increases with the liquid supply flow rate and decreases with the air supply velocity. The radial distribution of SMD shows the larger drops can diffuse farther to the boundary of spray. And the drop size range is found to be wider close to the spray boundary where the maximum SMD locates.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

The flow structure of particles for two different injectors has been investigated experimentally by means of a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer(PDPA). Two injectors used in the present study are the pipe and contraction nozzle. Particles of 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 30${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 60 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and 100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameter were injected with a constant mass loading ratio of 0.01 and a Reynolds number of 13200. The initial mean velocity and turbulent intensity of particle are strongly influenced by the particle size and the injector geometry. The flow angles of particle at nozzle exit are sensitive to the particle size rather than the injector geometry.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

A new tower internal, which is called CSE, is presented. The CSE is composed of a nozzle perforated in its bottom along the entire periphery and equipped with a multi vane axial swirler at the inlet and hollow cylindrical separator at the outlet of the nozzle. According to the experimental work for obtaining the necessary hydraulic information of the CSE, which is used for preliminary design of a separation column, the CSE showed a stable operation over the wide rage of gas/liquid ratio. However, it caused large pressure drop due to the high gas velocity which should carry liquid droplets through the element. The high pressure drop may cause problems in energy recovery and the application of the CSE can be limited to the high pressure columns. Assuming that the tray efficiency of the CSE is the same with the existing separation columns, the results of the column design showed the size reduction of the column diameters by 30 to $40\%$ and investment cost saving, depending on operating conditions. The application of the CSE to separation column may also contribute to the de-bottlenecking the existing column.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.18-25
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• 2000

A two-color particle image velocimetry (PIV) has been developed for measuring two dimensional velocity flowfields and applied to a Mach 2.0 supersonic nozzle. This technique is similar to a single-color PIV technique except that two different color laser beams are used to solve the directional ambiguity problem. A green-color laser sheet (532 nm: 2nd harmonic beam of YAG laser) and a red-color laser sheet (619 nm: output beam from YAG pumped Dye laser using Rhodamine 640) are employed to illuminate the seeded particles. A high resolution (3060${\times}$2036) digital color CCD camera is used to record the particle positions. This system eliminates the photographic-film processing time and subsequent digitization time as well as the complexities associated with conventional image shifting techniques for solving directional ambiguity problem. The two-color PIV also has the advantage that velocity distributions in high speed flowfields can be measured simply and accurately by varying the time interval between two different laser beams due to its high signal-to-noise ratio and thereby less requirement of panicle pair numbers for a velocity vector in one interrogation spot. The velocity distribution in the Mach 2.0 supersonic nozzle has been measured and the over-expanded shock cell structure can be predicted by the strain rate field. These results are compared and analyzed with the schlieren photograph for the velocity distributions and shock location.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

An experimental study of the flame response in a turbulent premixed combustor has been conducted with room temperature, atmospheric pressure inlet conditions using premixed natural gas. The fuel is premixed with the air upstream of a choked inlet to avoid equivalence ratio fluctuations. Therefore the observed flame response is only the result of the imposed velocity fluctuations, which are produced using a variable speed siren. Measurements are made of the velocity fluctuation in the nozzle using hot wire anemometry and of the heat release fluctuation in the combustor using chemiluminescence emission. The results are analyzed to determine the phase and gain of the flame transfer function as a function of the modulation frequency. Of particular interest is the effect of flame structure on the flame response predictions and measurements. The results show that both the gain and the phase of flame transfer function are closely associated with the flame length and structure, which is dependent upon the upstream flow perturbation as well as equivalence ratio in the current study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

An experimental study on the characteristics of stability of propane turbulent nonpremixed jet flames discharged normal to air free-streams with uniform velocity profile is conducted. Experimental observations are focused on the flame shape, the stability considering two kinds of flame, lift-off distance, and the flame length according to velocity ratio. In order to investigate the mixing structure of the flame base at the lower limit, we employ the RMS technique and measure the species concentration by a gas chromatography. In the results of the stability curve and lifted flame, it is fecund that the dependency of nozzle diameter is closely related to the large-scale vortical structure representing counter-rotating vortices pair. Also, the detailed discussion on the phenomenon of blowout due to this large vortical motion, is provided.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 2004

The experimental study on flow and heat transfer characteristics was conducted to investigate and to compare the performance of swirl jet by a twisted tape as a swirl generator with the performance of impinging single circular jet in fully developed flow tube. The effects of jet Reynolds number(Re=8700, 13800, 20000, 26500), dimensionless distance of nozzle-to-plate(H/d=2, 4, 6, 8) and swirl ratio(S=0.11, 0.23, 0.30) of the jet on the local and average Nusselt number have been examined. Measurements of local heat transfer rate and flow patterns on the jet impinging plate were used naphthalene sublimation technique and flow visualization technique respectively. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity of the jet along the centerline were measured. With a twisted tape in the nozzle exit, average Nusselt number at the around area of stagnation point were higher than those without the twisted tape at H/d=2, 4 and with the increase of Reynolds number. With a twisted tape in the nozzle, in the case of H/d=2, Re=26500 and S=0.11, maximum local Nusselt number at the region of y/d=0 and x/d=0.44 was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.789-794
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• 2008

Recently, much attention has been paid in the field of defrosting because clear windshield in vehicle without effecting the thermal comfort is realized essentially. Then in winter, defrosting performance is one of the important factors in vehicle design to make certain driver's view. In this study, the velocity profile, temperature distribution and frost melting pattern on the windshield screen have been predicted in three dimensional geometry of an automobile interior. Numerical analyses predict a detailed description of fluid flow and temperature patterns on the inside windshield screen, utilizing the flow through defroster nozzle. Numerical prediction established a good defrosting performance with the standard distance ratio and the defroster nozzle angle ranging from $30^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$, which satisfy the condition of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) completely.