• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 1988

Until now, most probabilistic approaches to the slope stability analysis have been accomplished on the arc failure surface without load. In this study, the relationships between the probability of failure and the safety factor are investigated when the shape of failure is logarithmic spiral on the homogeneous slope with ground water level, the probability distributions of the load and the strength parameter of soil being assumed as normal distribution, log-normal distribution and beta distribution. The results obtained are as follows; 1. For the same safety factor, the design of slope is more reasonable by using the probability of failure than by the safety factor because the probability of failure is increased as the coefficient of variation is increased. 2, The safety factor is more reasonably determined by the coefficient of variation of the strength parameter than by the field condition when the safety factor is applied to design of slope.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

To present and assess the efficacy of combination of microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration(MESA) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) for the treatment of infertility due to unreconstructable obstructive azoospermia or congenital bilateral agenesis of vas deferens (CBAVD), MESA was performed in the 45 husbands ( 16 CBAVD, 29 unreconstructable genital tract obstruction), followed by ICSI of oocytes recovered from the wives hyperstimulated by GnRH agonist in combination with hMG and FSH. Cleaving embryos were transfered to the uterine cavity or follopian tube(ZIFT) 18 or 24 hours after ICSI procedure. In 45 cycles of MESA, 492 oocyte complexes were recovered. ICSI was carried out on 355 metaphase II oocytes and 226 oocytes (63.7%) showed normal two pronucleus fertilization. After 198 embryos were transferred in 43 cycles, an average of 5 per cycle, 20 patients presented a positive HCG and intrauterine pregnancy was confirmed by US. So, the clinical ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer was 46.5%. Until now, 8 patients have given birth to 9 babies, 5 male and 4 female, including 1 twin. The babies were all healthy except 1 twin female baby. There was 1 miscarriage at 7 weeks and chromosomal study of abortus revealed as 45X, monosomy. These results suggested that it was possible to achieve high normal fertilization and pregnancy rate by ICSI using epididymal sperm.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

In previous studies, it has been discovered that cancer cells not only overexpress regulatory subunit I (Rl)/protein kinase type I (PKA-I) but also secrete outside the cell an extracellular form of PKA (ECPKA) and that the ECPKA secretion detected in patients' serum is obviously greater than that found in non-cancer patients or healthy subjects. We now found that ECPKA elicits the formation of serum autoantibodies that can serve as a cancer diagnostic and prognostic marker. To measure the presence of anti-ECPKA autoantibody in the human sera, basic methodology for ECPKA assay was established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We obtained serum samples from 199 patients with different types of cancer, and also obtained 31 serum samples to compare with ECPKA concentrations from non-cancer patients and 119 normal volunteers. Compared with normal or non-cancer patient sera, we found that the frequency of anti-ECPKA autoantibody was significantly higher in cancer patients (88%) than in those without cancer (17%). Furthermore the presence of anti-ECPKA autoantibodies in the serum of cancer patients was highly correlated with the site of metastasis. The immunoassay developed for anti-ECPKA antibodies is highly sensitive and specific. Therefore, this discovery of an autoantibody-based cancer diagnostic may have serious clinical application and may become an important advance over current technology.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.103-122
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• 1998

This study measures the subjectivity(opinions attitudes) of college women. Identifying the schemata (structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the sexual educational program and alternative strategies of induced abortion. More concretely, those following research questions are focused. 1) The subjective schemata : find out typologies based on the opinions and attitudes toward the induced abortion. 2) Applications : describe the characteristics of each type. 3) Alternatives : provide suggestion of the alternative strategies for solving the induced abortion problems of women. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through in-depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 48 college women as subjects for the research. The 48 college women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were four categories of special opinion about the induced abortion in college women. The first type is called Practical type. The second type is called Responsible type. The third type is called Ambivalent type. As a result, We now need to change our perspective of women's health problems and need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering women's problems. Followings are to be suggested of the alternative strategies for solving the induced abortion problems. Finally, The result of the study will provide us the clue for developing the sexual educational program and alternative strategies for women's induced abortion problems.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.331-338
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• 1995

Laserthermia is a new method of local hyperthermia using fiber optic guided probe with computer controlled Nd-YAG laser system. We used a synthetic sapphire probe and allowed irradiation with contolled low power laser energy (less than 5W), in different thermal condition (temprature: 38.5~50 degrees C) for 10 minutes, in the normal brain tissue of 18 rabbits. In results, the histological changes of brain tissue was variable (myelin condensation, chromatin condensation, nuclear waving and palisading, RBC discoloration, cell necrosis) in microscopic findings after laser irradiation, but changing area was not occured proportionally in thermal condition level. Cell necrosis appears to over 44.5 degrees C and the distance was about 1.25 mm. This study, using computer controlled laserthermia system for interstitial local hyperthermia, may offer many advantages in the experimental treatment and clinical management of tumor. Minimizing normal tissue damage is now being developed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1502-1522
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• 2019

Leakage of secret keys may be the most devastating problem in public key cryptosystems because it means that all security guarantees are missing. The forward security mechanism allows users to update secret keys frequently without updating public keys. Meanwhile, it ensures that an attacker is unable to derive a user's secret keys for any past time, even if it compromises the user's current secret key. Therefore, it offers an effective cryptographic approach to address the private key leakage problem. As an extension of the forward security mechanism in certificate-based public key cryptography, forward-secure certificate-based signature (FS-CBS) has many appealing merits, such as no key escrow, no secure channel and implicit authentication. Until now, there is only one FS-CBS scheme that does not employ the random oracles. Unfortunately, our cryptanalysis indicates that the scheme is subject to the security vulnerability due to the existential forgery attack from the malicious CA. Our attack demonstrates that a CA can destroy its existential unforgeability by implanting trapdoors in system parameters without knowing the target user's secret key. Therefore, it is fair to say that to design a FS-CBS scheme secure against malicious CAs without lying random oracles is still an unsolved issue. To address this problem, we put forward an enhanced FS-CBS scheme without random oracles. Our FS-CBS scheme not only fixes the security weakness in the original scheme, but also significantly optimizes the scheme efficiency. In the standard model, we formally prove its security under the complexity assumption of the square computational Diffie-Hellman problem. In addition, the comparison with the original FS-CBS scheme shows that our scheme offers stronger security guarantee and enjoys better performance.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.303-330
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• 2021

The coronavirus infection-19 (hereinafter referred to as Corona 19) that occurred last year has not been ended until now. There have also been major changes in the library environment. This study focuses on changes in the library environment due to prolonged infectious diseases. In addition, it aims to derive implications for library services in the New Normal era by analyzing changes in user needs over time. For this purpose, we have comprehensively summarized the response activities of libraries due to the spread of Corona 19 in 2020, and analyzed changes in user needs that appeared on social media. Key terms were selected by collecting 496,741 tweets related to libraries in 2019 and 2020, and analysis by year and period by operation type was conducted. Through the analysis, the needs of library users in 2020 were classified into four issues, and the implications for each issue were derived.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.5-14
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• 2007

In this study, Matsuda formula used to evaluate the loads acting on the pillar was investigated and load reduction factor(${\alpha}$) was evaluated by numerical analysis to better apply for the design. From the results, normal stress was concentrated to one side due to excavation of preceding tunnel after construction of pillar. And 86.5% of maximum normal stress was revealed partly unequally when the ground was poor. By numerical analysis, $14{\sim}83%$ of total loads calculated by Matsuda formula decreased and then, from these results, load reduction factor(${\alpha}$) was estimated. From now on, stability and economic aspects could be guaranteed by applying the load reduction factor(${\alpha}$).

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.507-512
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• 2008

Recently, Busan-Geoje fixed Link Immersed Tunnel and the Tokyo Port Waterway 2 Submarine Tunnel have been constructing. Furthermore it was mentioned to construct an immersed tunnel from Korea to Japan. As a result, it is expected that the demand to use the immersed tunnel will be increased. However, if a fire occurs in the immersed tunnels, it will damage tunnel elements and not save human lives more seriously than normal tunnels on the ground because of the absence of exits as well as closing structure of the immersed tunnels. In fact, the fire accident in the Eurotunnel which connects between France and the Unite Kingdom through the immersed tunnel had occurred twice in 1996 and 2008, and the inner surface of the tunnel got damaged such as concrete popout and structural damage. As a result, not only economic injury but enormous expense to repair and reinforce the tunnel were derived because of the suspension of traffic after the fire happened. Now, from the examining and analyzing study on the fire resistance of immersed tunnels in developed countries and Busan-Geoje fixed Link Immersed Tunnel, we suggest the establishment method of fire resistance to insure the fire safety of immersed tunnel.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3907-3909
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• 2014

Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities have important implications in diagnosis and prognosis of acute leukemia and are now considered an important part of the diagnostic workup at presentation. Karyotype, if known at the time of diagnosis, guides physicians to plan appropriate management strategies for their patients. Aim and Objectives: To determine the cytogenetic profile of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Pakistani children in order to have insights regarding behavior of the disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the cases of ALL (<15years old) diagnosed at Aga Khan University from January 2006 to June 2011 was performed. Cytogenetic analysis was made for all cases using the trypsin-Giemsa banding technique. Karyotypes were interpreted using the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) criteria. Results: A total of 153 patients were diagnosed as ALL during the study period, of which 127 samples successfully yielded metaphase chromosomes. The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. A normal karyotype was present in 51.2% (n=65) of the cases whereas 48.8% (n=62) had an abnormal karyotype. Most of the abnormal cases showed hyperdiploidy(13.4%) followed by t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) (7.08%). Conclusions: This study revealed a relative lack of good prognostic cytogenetic aberrations in Pakistani children with ALL.