• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2012

The monsoon front lies on East Asian region, but it gradually propagates to the north during the boreal summer. The equivalent potential temperature (EPT) reveals the thermodynamical features of air masses and monsoon front. Therefore, this study considered the thermodynamical EPT and dynamical wind fields to clarify the peculiarity of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variations in June and July, respectively. Western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and Okhotsk sea high (OSH) both play the crucial role to interannual variations of EASM frontal activity and amount of rainfall. The OSH is important in June, but the WNPSH is key factor in July. Furthermore, the OSH (June) is affected by North Atlantic tripolar sea surface temperature (SST) pattern and WNPSH (July) is influenced by North Indian Ocean SST warming.

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.155-173
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• 2012

Evidence from molecular data supports the close taxonomic relationship of the two North Pacific species Delesseria decipiens and D. serrulata with Cumathamnion, up to now a monotypic genus known only from northern California, rather than with D. sanguinea, the type of the genus Delesseria and known only from the northeastern North Atlantic. The transfers of D. decipiens and D. serrulata into Cumathamnion are effected. Molecular data also reveal that what has passed as Membranoptera alata in the northwestern North Atlantic is distinct at the species level from northeastern North Atlantic (European) material; M. alata has a type locality in England. Multiple collections of Membranoptera and Pantoneura fabriciana on the North American coast of the North Atlantic prove to be identical for the three markers that have been sequenced, and the name Membranoptera fabriciana (Lyngbye) comb. nov. is proposed for them. Many collections of Membranoptera from the northeastern North Pacific (predominantly British Columbia), although representing the morphologies of several species that have been previously recognized, are genetically assignable to a single group for which the oldest name applicable is M. platyphylla.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2001

Campyloderes macquariae Johnston, 1983 is reported from South Korea. Specimens were obtained from the washings of subtidal sediments, holdfasts of macroalgae, and various invertebrates. This is the first record for genus Campy-loderes from the North Pacific. Affinities with its congeners and the variability within species are discussed, with the confirmation of several morphological details by scanning electron microscopy.

• 한국수산학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.21-23
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-70
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• 1984

In the North Pacific Ocean a lot of large waves set up in winter, affected by continued winds and swells owing to severe extratropical cyclones. Under this sea condition, if the ship is about 100,000L/T (in deadweight capacity tonnage), we can't find the danger involved in the ship at sea apparently. But when we compare the seaworthiness of ship's building strength with the stress given to the hull by waves, we can't insist that the former be more stronger than the latter. As a result, VLCC is in danger of destroying and cutting for lack of longitudinal strength in heavy weather. Up to this time, Naval Architects have actively studied the relation between ship's longitudinal strength and waves as a ship's projector; however, actually, they have never made more profound study on the problem of longitudinal strength in relation to navigation. The main puprpose of this thesis is to clarify these vivid actual states of ship's trouble unknown to ship's masters. In this thesis we picked up VLCC Pan Yard, a vessel of Pan Ocean Bulk Carrier company's, as a model ship. And in the North Pacific Ocean, we have chosen for this research the basins where the wind speed and the wave height are greater than average. The data used this thesis are quotes from the "winds and waves of the North Pacific Ocean('64-'73)", and wind speed more than 30 knots was made use of as an ocject of this study. By usinh the ITTC wave spectrum, we found out the significant waves for every 5 knots within the range of 20 knots to 45 knots of wind speed. According to this H1/1000 was calculated. The stress of ship's hull is determined by ship's speed and wave height. We compared the ship's longitudinal strength with a planned wave height by rules of several famous classification societies in the world. In the last analysis, we found out that ship's present planned strength in heavy weather is not enough. Finally we made a graph for avoiding heavy weather, with which we studied safe ship's handling in the North pacafic Ocean in winter.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.712-736
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• 2022

To understand the characteristics of low-level clouds (CLs), environmental variables are composited on each CL using individual surface observations and six-hourly upper-air meteorologies around the globe. Individual CLs has its own distinct environmental conditions. Over the eastern subtropical and western North Pacific Ocean in JJA, stratocumulus (CL5) has a colder sea surface temperature (SST), stronger and lower inversion, and more low-level cloud amount (LCA) than the climatology whereas cumulus (CL12) has the opposite characteristics. Over the eastern subtropical Pacific, CL5 and CL12 are influenced by cold and warm advection within the PBL, respectively but have similar cold advection over the western North Pacific. This indicates that the fundamental physical process distinguishing CL5 and CL12 is not the horizontal temperature advection but the interaction with the underlying sea surface, i.e., the deepening-decoupling of PBL and the positive feedback between shortwave radiation and SST. Over the western North Pacific during JJA, sky-obscuring fog (CL11), no low-level cloud (CL0), and fair weather stratus (CL6) are associated with anomalous warm advection, surface-based inversion, mean upward flow, and moist mid-troposphere with the strongest anomalies for CL11 followed by CL0. Over the western North Pacific during DJF, bad weather stratus (CL7) occurs in the warm front of the extratropical cyclone with anomalous upward flow while cumulonimbus (CL39) occurs on the rear side of the cold front with anomalous downward flow. Over the tropical oceans, CL7 has strong positive (negative) anomalies of temperature in the upper troposphere (PBL), relative humidity, and surface wind speed in association with the mesoscale convective system while CL12 has the opposite anomalies and CL39 is in between.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.313-324
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• 2008

In order to understand the variation of ENSO-related oceanic environments in the tropical and North Pacific Ocean, spatio-temporal variations of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) are analyzed from distributions of complex empirical orthogonal functions (CEOF). Correlations among warm pool variation, southern oscillation index, and ocean surface currents were also examined with respect to interannual variability of the warm pool in western tropical Pacific. Spatio-temporal distributions of the first CEOF modes for SSTA and SSHA indicate that their variabilities are associated with ENSO events, which have a variance over 30% in the North Pacific. The primary reasons for their variabilities are different; SST is predominantly influenced by the change of barrier layer thickness, while SSH fluctuates with the same phase as propagation of an ENSO episode in the zonal direction. Horizontal boundary of warm pool area, which normally centered around $149^{\circ}E$ in the tropics, seemed to be expanded to the middle and eastern tropical regions by strong zonal currents through the mature phase of an ENSO episode.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.394-397
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• 2006

Gridded products of surface wind/wind-stress over the world ocean have been constructed by using satellite scatterometer as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote-sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data. Our previous validation study in the tropical Pacific using TAO/Triton and NDBC buoys revealed high reliability of our products. In this study, the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy data are used for validation of other gridded wind-stress products including the NCEP-1 and 2 in the western North Pacific region where there have been few in-situ data. Results reveal that our J-OFURO product has almost zero mean difference and smallest root-mean-square (RMS) difference, while the NCEP-1 and 2 ones significantly positive biases and relatively high RMS difference. Intercomparison between the J-OFURO and NCEP products in a wide region of the North Pacific covered by the westerly winds exhibits that the NCEPs have larger magnitudes in the wind stress than the J-OFURO's, suggesting overestimation of the NCEPs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6185-6187
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• 2013

Cervical cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in Lucknow and New York in the $21^{st}$ century. Cancer genetic studies are essential to identify/stratify disease-susceptible individuals in a population-based cohort. Sample size homogeneity and North Indian caste in female urology genetic-studies are significant issues in meaningful interpretation of data. A review of scientific literature using Pubmed database was conducted, including an assessment of cervical cancer genetic studies conducted as part of the author's doctoral dissertation at a premier Lucknow-based medical research Institute. Sample size numbers and caste criteria in the North Indian cohort ($N{\leq}400$ subjects) were evaluated with homogeneity in the sample cohort data set(s). Subgroup caste-stratification of North Indian cohort is equally essential, for instance, Brahmin (e.g. Pandey), Vaishya (e.g. Mittal), Rajput (e.g. Singh) and Kshudra (e.g. Yadav) during the conception and design of genetics-based studies. Sample size homogeneity in histopathologically confirmed case and control numbers and caste-based stratification in a North Indian cohort is essential in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies in cervical cancer susceptible populations to draw more definitive conclusions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2003

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 mandated the use of a new and radical management approach for fisheries in the United States. Seven fishery management councils were created, one being the North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC). Each of these Councils was given the responsibility for ensuring the conservation of fishery resources under their jurisdictation. (omitted)