• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.435-448
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• 1991

Mt. paektu(altitude 2,749.6m) is ecologically important because successional processes following volcanic eurption are quite clear. We investigated plant communities with altitude know vertical distribution of plant vegetation on the north-western slope of Mt. paektu was divided into five parts; the pine-hardwood forest zone(600∼1,000m alt.), the lower coniferous forest zone (1,000∼1,500 m alt.), the upper coniferous forest and birch forest zone(1,500∼2,000 m alt.), the alpine shrub zone(2,000∼2,500 m alt.) and the alpine meadow zone(2,500∼2,749 m alt.). In particular, the alpine zone was divided into alpine shrub and alpine meadow zones and distributed up to 2,500m alt. these results reflet the adaptations of these shrubs at this altitude. But these shrubby communities disappeared on the alpinemeadow zone. In the alpine meadow zone above than 2,500m alt., some meadows, papaver radicatum var pscudoradicatum. bistorta ochotensis, chrysathemum zawadskii var. latilobum etc., were occured.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2000

A deteriorating North Korean economy, coupled with a devastating natural disaster such as flooding and drought in recent years, brought about a severe food shortage and malnutrition problem which caused a migration of its population including young children to neighboring countries. We conducted a nutritional survey on a total of 436 children, aged 4-19 years old, who migrated to the China side of the border from July to September, 1999. The study subjects were interviewed by Korean-Chinese interviewers who were trained for anthropometric measurements and dietary surveys. Heights, weights, and chest circumference of the subjects were 70-90% of the South Korean reference values for the corresponding age and sex. Dietary intakes of the subjects were found to be extremely poor-the average number of food, mostly of plant origin, consumed in a day was 2.8, and the proportion of the subject who reported to take all three meals in a day while residing in North Korea was as low as 36.2%. Ninety five percent of the subjects had at least one clinical symptom related to malnutrition, 68.6% had 2-4 symptoms, and 15.1% had 5 or more symptoms. The results of this study provided an objective data for the first time on the severity of the food crisis and malnutrition problem that afflicted North Korean older children and adolescents as well as children aged 7 or under as previously reported elsewhere. the wasted and stunted children and youths prevailing in North Korea could exert a negative influence on the country's health and economy. More researches are needed in the future to investigate on the impact of malnutrition in North Korean children on the country's social, economic, and cultural state as well as on the health and nutrition situation.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2006

복사앵도나무는 벚나무속의 낙엽관목으로 우리나라 특산식물이다. 그러나 복사앵도나무의 학명은 라틴기재가 되지 않은 명칭으로 여기에 정당공표하였다. 복사앵도나무는 호석회식물로 북한에 한정되어 분포하는 것으로 알려져 왔는데, 최근 강원도의 면산과 자병산에서 새로운 분포지가 발견되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.505-514
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• 2008

임진강과 북한강은 남북한이 유역을 공유하고 있는 남북공유하천이다. 임진강에서는 4월5일댐과 황강댐 등이 건설되었거나 건설중에 있어 임진강하류의 용수공급에 지장을 초래하고 있다. 또한 북한강수계에서는 북한이 안변청년발전소로의 유역변경을 위해 임남댐을 건설하여 운영중에 있는등 하천의 이용을 둘러싼 갈등이 존재하고 있으며 이의 해결을 위하여 협력체계의 구축이 요구되는 상황이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 국제공유하천의 갈등해소 이론을 바탕으로 보다 현실적인 접근방법을 기술적 대안으로 제시하였다. 이와 같은 접근 방법은 정치적 해결에 앞서 보다 합리적인 해결책 마련에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. 또한 공동조사에 기반한 지속적이고 합리적 하천관리대안마련을 위하여 남북공유하천 관리위원회의 구성을 제안하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

In the present study, an attempt to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes inhabiting $Emblica$ $officinalis$ has been made keeping in view the medicinal importance of the selected host plant in Indian traditional practices. A total of four endophytic fungi belonging to Phylum Ascomycetes were isolated from different parts of the plant which were characterized morphologically and by using rDNA-internal transcribed spacer. The most frequently isolated endophyte was $Phomopsis$ sp. The antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, and total phenol were evaluated using ethanolic extract of endophytic fungi. DPPH activities in all the ethanolic extract increased with the increase in concentrations. Endophytes, $Phomopsis$ sp. and $Xylaria$ sp. showed highest antioxidant activity and also had the higher levels of phenolics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal extract were tested against four bacteria namely, $Escherichia$ $coli$ MTCC730, $Enteroccocus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ ser. $paratyphi$ MTCC735 and $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, and the fungus $Candida$ $albicans$ MTCC183. In general, the fungal extracts inhibited the growth of test organisms except $E.$ $coli$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2005

In vitro studies using detached inflorescences with peduncles were conducted to investigate flower abscission agents in North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). Of the nine compounds studied only three, ammonium thiosulphate (ATS), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon induced abscission. Anilazine, benzyladenine, carbaryl, gibberellic acid, napthaleneacetic acid and thidiazuron did not induce abscission. ATS dip treatments did not induce abscission but the spray treatments induced $60.5\%$ abscission at $1500\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $33.1\%$ at $3000\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Severe chlorophyll loss occurred on all inflorescences treated with ATS. Both ABA dip treatments and a $250\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ spray treatment caused abscission $(40\%)$ without adverse effects, and timing of ABA application was important. Because ABA was only significant in the dip treatments, ABA may not be a practical option for field use on ginseng. Ethephon sprays induced more abscission as the season progressed and as the concentration increased. As the dip concentrations of ethephon increased, the abscission rate decreased and the health of the inflorescences declined. The $1500\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ spray of ethephon gave consistent abscission results over the glowing season with little phytotoxicity. Treatment with the competitive ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcy-clopropene (1-MCP) suggested that flower abscission was due to the liberation of ethylene from the breakdown of ethephon.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2018

The genus Carduus (Asteraceae), containing ca. 90 species, is mainly distributed in Eurasia and Africa. Carduus species are one of the most hazardous invasive species, which causes serious environmental threats and biodiversity damages in North America. Thus, the member of Carduus are targeted for classical biological control in this region. Here, we provide the complete cp genome of Carduus crispus using next-generation sequencing technology. The size of cp genomes of C. crispus is 152,342 bp. It shows a typical quadripartite structure, consisting of the large single copy (LSC; 83,254 bp), small single copy (SSC; 18,706 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 25,191 bp). It contains 115 unique genes of which 21 genes duplicated in the IR regions. The cpSSR regions of Carduus species were searched through the complete chloroplast genome sequence using a tandem repeat search tool in Geneious with the parameters set to ${\geq}7$ mononucleotide repeats, ${\geq}4$ di- and trinucleotide repeats, and ${\geq}3$ tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotide repeats. A total of 22 repeat motifs were identified, which may be useful for molecular identification of Korean Carduus species (C. cripus), and providing a guideline for its conservation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

Gibberellic acid (GA) was applied to field-grown 3-year-old North American ginseng (Panax quinqueiolius L.) between 1 and 4 times, before and during bloom in 1999. Applications of both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ four times (x4) to the developing inflorescences increased maximum pedicel length, and seed head diameter and height. Treatment with GA$\sub$4+7/ increased mean and total root fresh weight linearly, whereas those treated with GA$_3$ did not show similar increases. Both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ at 50, 100 and 200 mg L$\^$-1/ (x4) increased the incidence of breaking of dormancy of perennating buds with GA$_3$ being twice as effective as GA$\sub$4+7/. Both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ treatments resulted in an increased number of new bud initials forming per root, with the number of new initials per root increased two-fold by the GA$_3$ sprays compared to GA$\sub$4+7/.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2012

Northern corn leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum Pass is considered the most important disease infecting corn (Zea mays L.) in the Peoples' Republic of Korea (North Korea). It contributes to the food shortage in North Korea. The objectives of the current research were to study resistance expression and responses of corn crosses made between ten hybrids from North Korea and inbreeding lines ($S_{3-4}$ stage) from the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The experiments were conducted in six trials with a total of 184 crosses including two commercial hybrids in each trial. The trials were conducted at two locations in North Korea (Mirim and Eunsan) and one location in South Korea (Gunwi) under natural infestation of E. turcicum. Host plant responses were rated on a scale of 1 (highly tolerant) to 9 (highly susceptible). A total of 111 crosses (62.4%) showed significant tolerant or susceptible response variations among three locations; 42 crosses (22.8%) at two locations and 69 crosses (39.0%) at one location, respectively. At least 8 crosses of high level of tolerance and 12 crosses of high level of susceptibility showed significantly different biotic responses (P = 0.05). The results of the current study and historical reviews of E. turcicum epidemics in both North and South Korea suggest that breeding of tolerance with quantitatively inherited genes should be carried out for a sustainable corn production in North Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.335-350
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• 2023

Physoderma fungal species cause faba bean gall (FBG) which devastates faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Ethiopian highlands. In three regions (Amahara, Oromia, and Tigray), the relative importance, distribution, intensity, and association with factors affecting FBG damage were assessed for the 2019 (283 fields) and 2020 (716 fields) main cropping seasons. A logistic regression model was used to associate biophysical factors with FBG incidence and severity. Amhara region has the highest prevalence of FBG (95.7%), followed by Tigray (83.3%), and the Oromia region (54%). Maximum FBG incidence (78.1%) and severity (32.8%) were recorded from Amhara and Tigray areas, respectively. The chocolate spot was most prevalent in West Shewa, Finfinne Special Zone, and North Shewa of the Oromia region. Ascochyta blight was found prevalent in North Shewa, West Shewa, Southwest Shewa of Oromia, and the South Gondar of Amhara. Faba bean rust was detected in all zones except for the South Gonder and North Shewa, and root rot disease was detected in all zones except South Gonder, South Wollo, and North Shewa of Amahara. Crop growth stage, cropping system, altitude, weed density, and fungicide, were all found to affect the incidence and severity of the FBG. Podding and maturity stage, mono-cropping, altitude (>2,400), high weed density, and non-fungicide were found associated with increased disease intensities. However, crop rotation, low weed infestation, and fungicide usage were identified as potential management options to reduce FBG disease.