• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2007

가공송전 도체는 정상 동작조건 하에서 전력회사의 선로 설계지침에 규정된 지상고를 안정범위 내에서 항상 유지할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 새로운 선로를 건설하거나 노화도체의 장력을 다시 조정하거나 또는 전력용량을 최대화하기 위해 동적송전용량을 모니터링하는 경우에, 도체 이도를 측정/또는 모니터링하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 도체의 카테너리 각도로 이도 및 장력을 추정하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 가공송전선로의 대부분의 도체들은 전형적인 카테너리 곡선을 나타내므로 철탑 측의 카테너리 각도로부터 도체의 카테너리 곡선을 유일하게 결정할 수 있다. 이 카테너리 곡선을 토대로 도체의 이도나 수평장력을 쉽게 추정할 수 있다. 몇 가지 시뮬레이션과 간단한 실험 결과를 통하여 제안된 방법이 가공송전선의 도체 이도와 장력을 측정/또는 모니터링하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2004

The lap splice lengths of deformed steel reinforcing bars and GFRP bars were experimentally compared using beam specimens. The purpose was to evaluate the length required of the GFRP bar to develop strength at least equivalent to the conventional steel reinforcing bar. The main test variable was the lap splice length: 10, 20, 30 $d_b$ for the deformed steel bars and 20, 30, 40 $d_b$ for the GFRP bars. Two different types of GFRP bars were tested: (1) one with spiral-type deformation and (2) plain round bars. Elastic modulus was about 1/5 of the steel bars while the tensile strength was about 690 MPa for the GFRP bars. Nominal diameter of the GFRP bars and steel bars was 12.7 and 13 mm, respectively. Normal strength concrete (28-day $f_{cu}$ = 30 MPa) was used. For the conventional steel bars (SD400 grade), strength over 400 MPa in tension was developed using the lap splice length of 20 and 30 $f_{cu}$. Only $87\%$ of the nominal yield strength was reached with the lap splice length of 10 $d_b$. For the spiral-type deformed GFRP bars with $40-d_b$ lap splice length, 440 MPa in tension was determined. The maximum tensile strength developed of the GFRP bars with smaller lap splice lengths decreased. The plain GFRP bar was not effective in developing the tensile strength even with $40-d_b$ lap splice length. Development of the cracks on beam surface was clearly visible for the beams reinforced with the GFRP bars. Mid-span deflections, however, were significantly smaller than the comparable beams with conventional steel bars indicating potential ductility problem.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2017

Dynamic response analysis of offshore triceratops with stiffened buoyant legs under impact and non-impact waves is presented. Triceratops is relatively new-generation complaint platform being explored in the recent past for its suitability in ultra-deep waters. Buoyant legs support the deck through ball joints, which partially isolate the deck by not transferring rotation from legs to the deck. Buoyant legs are interconnected using equally spaced stiffeners, inducing more integral action in dispersing the encountered wave loads. Two typical nonlinear waves under very high sea state are used to simulate impact and non-impact waves. Parameters of JONSWAP spectrum are chosen to produce waves with high vertical and horizontal asymmetries. Impact waves are simulated by steep, front asymmetric waves while non-impact waves are simulated using Stokes nonlinear irregular waves. Based on the numerical analyses presented, it is seen that the platform experiences both steady state (springing) and transient response (ringing) of high amplitudes. Response of the deck shows significant reduction in rotational degrees-of-freedom due to isolation offered by ball joints. Weak-asymmetric waves, resulting in non-impact waves cause steady state response. Beat phenomenon is noticed in almost all degrees-of-freedom but values in sway, roll and yaw are considerably low as angle of incidence is zero degrees. Impact waves cause response in higher frequencies; bursting nature of pitch response is a clear manifestation of the effect of impact waves on buoyant legs. Non-impact waves cause response similar to that of a beating phenomenon in all active degrees-of-freedom, which otherwise would not be present under normal loading. Power spectral density plots show energy content of response for a wide bandwidth of frequencies, indicating an alarming behaviour apart from being highly nonlinear. Heave, being one of the stiff degrees-of-freedom is triggered under non-impact waves, which resulted in tether tension variation under non-impact waves as well. Reduced deck response aids functional requirements of triceratops even under impact and non-impact waves. Stiffened group of buoyant legs enable a monolithic behaviour, enhancing stiffness in vertical plane.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4939-4944
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was through a survey of awareness of cancer and cancer screening of Korean community residents to identify the stereotypes of cancer and bases for development of improved screening programs for early detection. Subjects were residing in South Korea Gangwon-Province and were over 30 years and under 69 years old. The total was 2,700 persons which underwent structured telephone survey questionnaires considered with specific rates of gender, region, and age. For statistical analysis, PASW Statistics 17.0 WIN was utilized. Frequency analysis, the Chi-square (${\chi}^2$) test for univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed. The awareness of cancer and cancer screening in subjects differed by gender, region and age. For the idea of cancer, women thought about death less than men (OR: 0.73, p<0.001). On the other hand, women had negative thoughts - fear/terror/suffering/pain/pain - more than their male counterparts (OR: 2.04, p<0.001). Next, for the idea of cancer screening, women recognized fear/terror more than men (OR: 1.38, p<0.01). The higher age, the more tension/anxiety/worry/burden/irritated/pressure (OR: 1.43, p<0.01, OR: 2.15, p<0.001, OR: 2.49, p<0.001)). People may be reminded of fear and death for cancer and of fear, terror, tension and anxiety for cancer screening. To change vague fear and negative attitudes of cancer could increase the rate of cancer screening as well as help to improve the quality of life for community cancer survivors and facilitate return to normal social life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide promotion and education to improve the awareness of cancer and cancer screening.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1995

Although there are many kinds of method in treatment of tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and primary anastomosis can be performed for management of various kinds of tracheal stenosis because it is considered the most anatomical ideal therapeutic modality. During a 10-year period we performed 18 tracheal resection on 18 patients with no operative mortality and some morbidity. 13 patients had tracheal stenosis caused by endotracheal intubation [eight patients or tracheostomy [five patients ; and five patients caused by a variety of neoplastic lesions [four primary and one secondary . The length of tracheal stenosis were various from 1.5cm to 5.5cm and site of tracheal stenosis were cervical[17patients and thoracic [one patient . Operative techniques were tracheal resection and primary anastomosis[18 patients and additional procedures were cricoid cartilage reconstruction with costal cartilage [one patient , primary repair of esophagus[one patient and suprahyoid laryngeal release technique[eight patients without any complications. We have eight complications; tracheal restenosis were developed in five patients[growth of grannulation tissue at anastomotic site in three patients, delayed restenosis in two patients , anastomotic disruption in one patient, hoarseness and pneumonia in each of two patients. We managed tracheal complications with T-tube insertion in two patients, permanent tracheostomy in three patients and insertion of Gianturco tracheal stent in one patient, but tracheal stent did not reveal good result because it caused persistent production of sputum. We concluded that it is necessary to access full length of normal trachea including suprahyoid laryngeal release technique to avoid anastomotic tension in tracheal surgery and develope new ideal techniques to manage postoperative tracheal complications, because we suppose tracheal complications are developed due to anastomotic tension.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2012

내측 반월상 연골 경골 후방 부착부는 원주테 장력을 유지하여 정상적인 반월상 연골의 기능을 보존하고, 돌출을 막아준다. 내측 반월상 연골 후방 부착부 완전 파열은 원주테 장력을 소실시켜 향후 관절염으로의 진행을 유발하므로, 봉합하여 기능을 보존하는 것이 중요하다. 최근 관절경을 이용한 정복과 다양한 봉합술이 시행되고 있으며, 저자들은 18 gauge 척수 주사 바늘과 suture anchor를 이용한 관절경적 all-inside 봉합술로 기존에 시행되어지던 술기에 비해 보다 쉽고 편리하게 반월상 연골 봉합술을 시행하였으며, 이에 수술 방법의 소개와 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2010

Objective: Headache is one of the most common symptoms in primary medical care. The purpose of this study was to support medical treatment by consideration of a new CTTH (chronic tension-type headache) oriental medical diagnosis index. Methods: An Oriental medical diagnosis questionnaire was administered to a CTTH group, migraine group and normal group. The result was classified by using LDA, CART, factor diagnosis and tested in comparison with the original diagnosis. Also, weighting method based on expert opinions was done. Results: 1. The result analyzed by using LDA has an accuracy of 93.9% in comparison with the original diagnosis. 2. High accuracy showed when the test was performed with about 35 significant questions and four questions selected based on SPSS Wilks' lambda. 3. There was accuracy of 90.9% when differentiation was performed by using CART compared with original diagnosis. 4. 10 factors has a high initial value after factor analysis, consisting of questions to the similar differentiation. 5. Diagnosis formula of headache was made by using weighting method based on expert opinions. Conclusion: Oriental medical diagnosis questionnaires make it possible to classify headaches significantly. The study about weighting method of CTTH can make it possible to classify symptoms more accurately.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권6호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2024

The present paper investigates the curvature ductility of confined reinforced concrete (RC) beams with normal (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC). For the purpose of predicting the curvature ductility factor, an analytical model was developed based on the equilibrium of internal forces of confined concrete and reinforcement. In this context, the curvatures were calculated at first yielding of tension reinforcement and at ultimate when the confined concrete strain reaches the ultimate value. To best simulate the situation of confined RC beams in flexure, a modified version of an ancient confined concrete model was adopted for this study. In order to show the accuracy of the proposed model, an experimental database was collected from the literature. The statistical comparison between experimental and predicted results showed that the proposed model has a good performance. Then, the data generated from the validated theoretical model were used to train the artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model. The R² values for theoretical and experimental results are equal to 0.98 and 0.95, respectively which proves the high performance of the ANN model. Finally, a parametric study was implemented to analyze the effect of different parameters on the curvature ductility factor using theoretical and ANN models. The results are similar to those extracted from experiments, where the concrete strength, the compression reinforcement ratio, the yield strength, and the volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement have a positive effect. In contrast, the ratio and the yield strength of tension reinforcement have a negative effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Objectives : Sypsun-points are located at the tips of all fingers, 0.1 chon(寸) from the finger nails, totaling 10 points on both hands. These points have been used for emergency care, fainting, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, unconsciousness, high fever etc. in oriental medicine. The most common technique is bleeding with a needle at these points. We investigated whether Venesection at the Sybsun-points has effects on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate in humans aged from 20 to 30 who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Methods : 67 persons were studied from March to June 2008. They were composed of Sample group(n=36) and Normal group(n=31). Both two groups kept a steady state an hour before venesection. In both group, we checked blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rates 6 times( 30min. before and just before treatment, and just after, 30, 60, 90min after treatment). All study environments were same between sample and normal group. But only, normal group didn't carry out venesection at the Sybsun-points. Results : In a comparison of before and after venesection at the Sybsun-points, any Statistical significance was not evaluated. Though pulse rate in sample group was significantly decreased after venesection(p<0.05), it has no statistical significance because normal group's pulse rate was also significantly decreased and between two groups had no statistical difference. Conclusions : Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that venesection at the Sybsun-points has no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature, and pulse rate in humans who had no specific past history and whose vital signs are in normal range. Also in that case, we may know that pain and tension result from venesection at the Sybsun-points have no significant effect on blood pressure and body temperature and pulse rate.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.350-362
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to develop a scanning technique that helps patients reduce their anxiety and relax their physical tension in the MRI system. The study targeted 10 healthy persons with no medical history of anxiety disorder in the past and with no current clinically diagnosed anxiety disorder, as well as 10 patients who were currently experiencing an anxiety disorder during the MRI scanning. The focusing board assembly was self-manufactured to conduct a clinical experiment via MRI scans. As a method to confirm the efficacy of the experiment, the bio meter was used to measure brainwaves from the study targets that were divided into the normal person group (A), who felt no anxiety in the MRI system and the experimental group, (B) who did experience anxiety in the MRI system. The two groups were compared between the cases in which the focusing board assembly was used and not used after measurements were conducted using the model MRI system and the bio meter. According to the comparison and analysis results, low measurements of the ${\alpha}$ wave indicate highly effective relaxation of tension. In the normal person group, the ${\alpha}$ wave measurement showed almost no difference between cases in which the focusing board assembly was used and cases in which it was not used. In the experimental group, the $\acute{a}$ wave measurements were lower in cases in which the focusing board assembly was used than in cases in which the focusing board assembly was not used; this was indicative of a profound relaxation effect.