• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

A numerical scheme based on a mode superposition method is presented for the dynamic response analysis of a top-tensioned riser (TTR) under sheared current loads. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the TTR have been calculated analytically for a beam with a slowly varying tension and pinned-pinned boundary conditions at the top and bottom ends. The lift coefficients and corresponding amplitudes used to estimate the vortex-induced modal force and damping for each mode were predicted via iterative calculations based on the input and output power balancing concept. Here, the power-in regions were controlled by the normal distribution function, for which the center was coincident with the lock -in location by local vortex-shedding, and the range was defined by the constant standard deviation for the reduced velocity by the local current speed. Finally, dynamic responses such as root-mean-squared displacement and stress were calculated using the mode superposition technique. In order to verify the presented scheme, a numerical calculation was performed for a TTR under an arbitrary linearly sheared current and linearly varying tension. A comparison with the results of the existing software showed that the presented scheme could give reliable and feasible solutions. Case studies were performed to investigate the effects of various current loads and tensions.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 강재가 맞대기 이음으로 연결될 경우 CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) 쉬트(sheet)를 맞대기 이음부에 접착할 경우 강재 및 CFRP 쉬트에 발생하는 응력을 해석하였다. CFRP 쉬트로 보강한 경우 접착제의 두께, 강재와의 접착 길이, CFRP 강도 변화를 매개변수로 사용하여 이 매개변수에 변화에 따른 이음부의 응력분포를 분석하였다. 또한 CFRP를 여러 층으로 접착할 경우 각 층의 강도를 다르게 변화시켜 맞대기 이음부에 유리한 응력분포를 나타내는 CFRP의 강도를 제시하였다. 본 연구를 위해 빠른 수렴성을 가지며 왜곡된 요소형상에서도 정확한 응력결과를 보이는 강화변형률장(Enhanced Assumed Strain Field)을 사용한 평면변형률 유한요소에 대한 프로그램을 작성하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.321-324
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• 2005

This paper presents a preliminary study on the influence of material ductility on diagonal tension behavior of shear-wall panels. There have been a number of previous studies, which suggest that the use of high ductile material such as ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composite) significantly enhanced shear capacity of structural elements even without shear reinforcements involved. The present study emphasizes increased shear capacity of shear-wall panels by employing a unique strain-hardening ECC reinforced with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) short random fibers. Normal concrete was adopted as the reference material. Experimental investigation was performed to assess the failure mode of shear-wall panels subjected to knife-edge loading. The results from experiments show that ECC panels exhibit a more ductile failure mode and higher shear capacity when compared to ordinary concrete panels. The superior ductility of ECC was clearly reflected by micro-crack development, suppressing the localized drastic fracture typically observed in concrete specimen. This enhanced structural performance indicates that the application of ECC for a in-filled frame panel can be effective in enhancing seismic resistance of an existing frame in service.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2002

Concrete containing discontinuous discrete steel fiber in a normal concrete is called steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC). Tensile as well as flexural strengths of concrete could be substantially increased by introducing closely spaced fibers which delay the onset of tension cracks and increase the tension strength of cracks. However, many properties of SFRC have not been investigated, especially properties on repeated loadings. Thus, the purposes of this dissertation is to study the flexural fatigue characteristics of SFRC considering cumulative damage. A series of experimental tests such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural fatigue, and two steps stress level fatigue were conducted to clarify the basic properties and fatigue-related properties of SFRC. The main experimental variables were steel fiber fraction (0, 0.4, 0.7, 1, 1.5%), aspect ratio (60, 83). The principal results obtained through this study are as follows: The results of flexural fatigue tests showed that the flexural fatigue life of SFRC is approxmately 65% of ultimate strength, while that of plain is less than 58%. Especially, the behavior of flexural fatigue life shows excellent performance at 1.0% of steel-fiber volume fraction. The cumulative damage test of high-low two stress levels is within the value of 0.6 ∼ 1.1, while that of low-high stress steps is within the value of 2.4 ∼ 4.0.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.587-600
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• 2020

Shear-induced instability of jointed rock mass has greatly threatened the safety of underground openings. To better understand the failure mechanism of surrounding rock mass under shear, the flawed specimens containing a circular opening and two open joints are prepared and used to conduct direct shear tests. Both experimental and numerical results show that joint inclination (β) has a significant effect on the shear strength, dilation, cracking behavior and stress distribution around flaws. The maximum shear strength, occurring at β=30°, usually corresponds to a unifrom stress state around joint and an intense energy release. However, a larger joint inclination, such as β=90°~150°, will cause a more uneven stress distribution and a stronger stress concentration, thus a lower shear strength. The stress distribution around opening changes little with joint inclination, while the magnitude varys much. Both compression and tension around opening will be greatly enhanced by the 30°-joints. In addition, a higher normal stress tends to enhance the compression and suppress the tension around flaws, resulting in an earlier generation and a larger proportion of shear cracks.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2011

This test focuses on the correlation between the lubrication, ductility and strength through the change of nut lubricant which decides joining angle for A490 bolt sets required in the AASHTO (American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials). Because the lubrication of high tension bolt, nut, washer sets becomes an important factor to ductility and joining load, the quality improvement is required for improving reliability and securing enough lubrication of maker and user. This study examines the quality characteristics required in the specification through tests because only this standard specifies joining quality in the extreme conditions (as much about two times of the joining angle on site as normal condition). Moreover, this study is limited to the test on joining axial force required in the AASHTO for the three nut lubrication conditions of A490 bolt set. It is concluded that the nuts should be coated or waxed enough for the improvement of the joining axial force and ductility of bolts required in the standards. It is shown that in the case of plain high tension bolt sets, a rust preventing lubricative oil shall be applied and the torque coefficient value for A490 bolt sets should be maintained below 0.175.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2021

최근 국내외 사용빈도가 높고 향후 건설계획이 많은 사장교의 주부재인 케이블을 대상으로 하였다. 우선 케이블의 온도 변화와 대기온도 변화 등으로 영구적으로 사용되는 온도하중에 대해 보통지방의 온도변화를 고려하여 실험을 수행하였다. 케이블의 온도변화를 가하여 동적특성의 변화를 여러 가지 시스템을 적용하여 케이블의 동적특성을 비교 분석하였다. 케이블의 동적특성을 비교분석한 결과 온도상승에 따른 케이블의 가속도, 고유진동수 및 장력은 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하였으며 케이블의 변위의 영향정도를 분석하였으며 케이블의 모드특성에 대한 결과를 분석하였다. 특히 케이블의 온도변화에 따른 케이블의 가속도, 고유진동수 및 장력에 대해 상관관계를 분석한 결과 가속도 및 고유진동수 대비 케이블 장력의 민감도가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2014

이 논문은 비정질 강섬유 및 일반 강섬유로 보강된 철근콘크리트 인장실험체를 피복두께와 철근 직경의 비에 따라 각 6개씩 제작하여 직접인장실험을 수행하고, 그 결과로부터 강섬유로 보강된 철근콘크리트 인장부재의 균열거동을 분석한 것이다. 실험 결과에 따르면 비정질 강섬유와 일반 강섬유로 보강된 콘크리트 모두 쪼갬균열의 발생과 진행을 제어하는 성능이 양호하며, 특히 비정질 강섬유로 보강된 콘크리트는 피복두께가 철근 직경의 2배 이상이면 쪼갬균열이 발생하지 않았다. 균열간격은 두가지 강섬유로 보강된 실험체 모두에서 피복두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 증가하였으며, 현행 설계기준에서 규정하는 최대 및 평균 균열간격 식으로 계산한 것보다 비교적 작게 측정되었다. 실험으로부터 측정된 자료로부터 평균균열간격을 이용하여 최대균열간격 및 최소균열간격을 예측할 수 있는 상관관계식을 제안하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 1990

The contractile action of barium $(Ba^{2+})$ was investigated in the arterial strip of rabbit renal artery. The helical strip of isolated renal artery was immersed in the Tris-buffered Tyrode's solution equilibrated with 100% $O_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$ and its isometric tension was measured. $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction of arterial strip was dose-dependent and its maximal tension corresponded to $92.1{\pm}4.5%$ of tension by $K^+(100\;mM)$. $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction did not show the tachyphylactic phenomenon in the normal Tyrode's solution. $Ba^{2+}$ induced the tonic contraction in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ tyrode's solution and that was increased by the extracellula addition of $Ca^{2+}$. During the repeated exposure of the same dose of $Ba^{2+}\;(10\;mM)$ in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution, $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction was progressively decreased. Even though the intracellular NE-and caffeine-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$ was depleted, $Ba^{2+}$ induced the tonic contraction. After the pretreatment of lanthnum or verapamil, $Ba^{2+}$ did not induce contraction. $Ba^{2+}-induced$contraction was suppressed by extracellular $K^+$ in the normal Tyrode's solution and that was dependent on $K^+$ concentration. Suppressive effect of $K^+\;(14\;mM)$ on the $Ba^{2+}-induced$ contraction was also dependent on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. From the above resuts, it is suggested that $Ba^{2+}$ activate indirectly the contractile process by promoting the mobilization of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and the influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$. It is also suggested that action of $Ba^{2+}$ on the $Ca^{2+}-activated$ $K^+$ channel can result in the depolarization of cell membrane in the rabbit renal artery.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2020

근긴장성 발성장애(cepstral peak prominence, MTD) 환자의 모음 발성과 문장읽기 과제를 켑스트럼 기반 변수를 이용하여 분석하였으며 음성장애 환자의 GRBAS청지각적 특성과 음향학적 특성의 상관관계를 살펴보고, 랜덤포레스트 머신러닝 분류 알고리듬을 이용한 MTD 감별 진단 가능성을 논의하였다. 내원 시 MTD로 진단받은 여성 36명과 정상음성을 사용하는 여성 36명이 연구에 참여했으며, 수집한 음성샘플은 ADSVTM를 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 음향학적 측정치 중 MTD의 CSID(cepstral spectral index of dysphonia)는 대조군보다 높았으며, CPP(cepstral peak prominence), CPP_Fo 값이 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 이는 모음 발성과 읽기 과제에서 모두 동일하게 나타났다. MTD 환자의 음질 특성은 전반적인 음성중증도(G)가 가장 두드러졌으며, 조조성(R), 기식성(B), 노력성(S)순으로 음성 특성을 보였다. 이 특성이 높아질수록 CPP가 감소하는 부적 상관을 보이고, CSID는 증가하는 정적 상관이 관찰되었다. 켑스트럴 변수 중 모음과 문장읽기과제 모두에서 집단간 유의한 차이를 보여준 CPP와 CPP_F0를 이용하여 MTD와 대조군의 음성분류를 시도하였다. 머신러닝 알고리듬인 랜덤포레스트로 모델링한 결과 문장읽기 과제에서 모음연장발성보다 조금 더 높은 분류 정확도(83.3%)가 나왔으며, 모음 발성과 문장 읽기 과제 모두에서 CPP변수가 더 중심적 역할을 수행하였음을 알 수 있었다.