• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2003

The present study was performed to investigate change in shimmer according to $F_{0}$ variation precisely, and to offer suggestions for a clinical application. The analysis for the present study was done by the fundamental frequency ($F_{0}$) and shimmer measurement results of the previous 120 Korean normal adults' voice study of Pyo et al. (2002), used three vowels, /i/, /a/, /and /u/. Through the analysis of 60 female samples from the previous study, we found that $F_{0}$ of the vowels was the highest in /u/, and the lowest in /a/, but, on the contrary, shimmer was highest in /a/and lowest in /u/. Thirty of 60 subjects showed such an inverse relationship between $F_{0}$ and shimmer, as a whole. In the vowel /a/, 47 of 60 subjects showed the increased $F_{0}$ and decreased shimmer, in /i/, 32 subjects, and in /u/, 33 subjects showed the same results. The decrease in shimmer means the improvement of voice quality, so by these results, we expect to answer the question why the patients with spasmodic dysphonia can improve their voice quality with increased pitched voice production.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제16B권6호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2009

현대인의 6대 난치병으로 분류되고 있는 폐질환은 대부분 흡연과 대기 오염으로 발병한다. 이와 같은 이유로 폐기능이 손상되어 폐포내에서 이산화탄소와 산소의 교환이 정상적으로 이루어지지 않아 생명 연장의 위험 질환으로 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 폐질환 에 대한 음성적 특징 추출을 목적으로 음성 분석 요소를 적용한 폐질환 진단 방법을 제안하였다. 우선 폐질환을 앓고 있는 환자들과 동일한 연령, 성별대의 정상인들로 피실험자 집단을 구성하고 이들의 음성을 수집하였다. 또한 수집된 음성을 통해 다양한 음성 분석 요소를 적용하여 분석을 수행하였으며 발화속도 및 강도 분석 요소 부분에서 폐질환자 집단과 정상인 집단간의 유의성이 있음을 알아 낼 수 있었다. 결론적으로 폐질환자 집단이 정상인 집단보다 발화속도가 느리며 강도가 크게 나타나는 결과를 도출해 내었으며 이를 통해 폐질환의 음성적 특징 추출 방법을 제시하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

본 연구는 정상군과 음성장애 환자군의 문단낭독 시 휴지 및 호흡단락 특성을 파악해보고자 시행되었다. 정상군 40명과 기능적 음성장애 환자군 40명을 대상으로 PAS(Phonatory Aerodynamic System) 중 Running Speech를 이용하여 '가을' 문단을 낭독하게 하였다. 이를 통해 흡기 동반 및 미동반, 어절간 및 어절내 휴지와 호흡단락을 구분하고 이에 대한 기술통계 및 집단간 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 흡기를 동반한 휴지횟수는 환자군이 더 높았으나 흡기를 동반하지 않은 휴지횟수는 정상군이 더 높은 수치를 보였다. 어절경계 중 휴지가 동반된 비율은 환자군이 더 높았고 호흡단락당 음절수는 정상군이 유의하게 더 높았다. 음성장애 화자군은 성대폐쇄부전으로 인한 호흡지지가 정상군보다 부족하므로 휴지 시 흡기를 동반하는 경우나 호흡단락의 수가 더 많은 것으로 사료된다. 이는 일상대화의 자연스러움을 저해할 수 있으므로 음성장애 화자의 중재 시 휴지와 호흡단락의 빈도를 적절히 조절하는 것도 평가 및 중재에 포함해야 할 것이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Voice onset time(VOT) is defined as the time interval from oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristics of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. Stop consonants are characterized by creation of a pressure difference across a complete occlusion in the vocal tract, followed by a sudden release 'burst' due to opening that occlusion. The objects of this study is to evaluate a usefulness of voice onset time in the assessment of voice disorderd patients. Subjects : Subjects were 20 adults with normal voice and with benign laryngeal disorders. Subjects with voice disorders represented the following vocal pathologies : vocal polyp, vocal nodule, Reinke's edema and unilateral vocal fold paralysis(UVFP). Control subjects were matched for age (21-40 yews old) and sex(male) with the voice disorders subjects and had normal vocal qualities with no history of voice disorders. Methods : Each voice-disordered and matched control subject read the test passages containing three types of Korean bilabial consonants. VOT measures were made for the initial $/p/p^h/\;and\;/p'/$. VOT was measured using acoustic waveform or wide band spectrogram. Results : For each voiceless stop consonants, there was a significant difference in VOT between the voice disordered and normal subjects. The mean VOTs of the lax stops in UVFP was significantly shorter than those of control subjects in the UVFP. The mean VOTs of the aspirated stops in the vocal polyp and nodule were longer than those of control subjects, but not significant. The mean VOTs of the glottalized in voice disordered groups were longer than those of control subjects, and significant statistically in the UVFP. Conclusions : VOT may be a clinically useful acoustic parameter in the assessment of voice disordered patients, especially in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : Patients with so-called 'functional voice disorders' who have structurally normal larynges and demonstrate muscle misuse in the larynx, and those with several interacting causes including habitual muscle tension, are probably better defined as having a 'muscle misuse voice disorder'. The purpose of this study was to analyze the voice and effectiveness of voice therapy in patients with functional voice disorders and to provide a guide for the treatment of functional voice disorder. Materials and Method : The records of 35 patients, presenting with functional voice disorder and receiving voice therapy during October, 2001 to September, 2002, were reviewed. Prior to voice therapy, the stroboscopic examination of their larynx, aerodynamic and acoustic analysis was done. The results of voice therapy were compared according to the patient's subjective, perceptual evaluation of voice, and maximal phonation time. Results : Patient's subjective, perceptual evaluation, and maximal phonation time showed superior results after voice therapy. Conclusion : The result of this study indicates that voice therapy is an effective treatment method of patients with functional voice disorder, especially muscular tension dysphonia.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.123-126
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• 2007

This paper suggests a method to improve the performance of the pathological/normal voice classification. The effectiveness of the mel frequency-based filter bank energies using the fisher discriminant ratio (FDR) is analyzed. And mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) and the feature vectors through the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) transformation of the filter bank energies (FBE) are implemented. This paper shows that the FBE LDA-based GMM is more distinct method for the pathological/normal voice classification than the MFCC-based GMM.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

During adolescence the mutational period is characterized by the changes in the laryngeal structure, the length of the vocal cords, and a tone of voice. Usually, adolescents at 15 or 16 reach the voice of adults but the mutational period is sometimes delayed. Therefore, studies on the voice of adolescents between 16 ~ 18 right after the mutational period are required. Accordingly, this paper attempted to provide basic data about the normal standard for patients with voice disorders during this period by evaluating the vocal characteristics of males and females between 16 ~ 18 with an objective device bycomparing and analyzing them by sex and age. The study was conducted on a total of 60 subjects composed of each 10 subjects of each age. The vocal analysis was conducted by MPT (Maximum Phonation Time) measurement, sustained vowels and sentence reading. As for /a/ sustained vowels, fundamental frequency, hereinafter referred to as $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, hereinafter referred to as NHR were measured by using the Multi-dimensional voice program (MDVP) among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). The sentence reading, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$ and minimum $F_0$ were measured using the Real-Time Pitch (RTP) Model 5121 among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). As a result, according to sex, there were statistically significant differences in $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$, and minimum $F_0$; and according to age, there were statistically significant differences in MPT. In conclusion, the voice of the adolescents between 16 ~ 18 reached the maturity levels of adults but the voice quality which can be considered on the scale of voice disorders showed transition to the voice of an adult during the mutational period.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2002

The purpose of this article is to present the acoustic parameters (VOT, jitter, shimmer, vF0, vAm, NHR, SPI, VTI, DVB, DSH) for consonants (/pipi/, /$p^{h}ip^{h}i$/, /p'ip'i/) and sustained vowels (/a/, /e/, /i/) produced by normal subjects and dysphonia patients at two vocal effort(normal, high) by Lombard effect using 60dB white noise. Lombard effect indicates the vocal effort increase in noisy situation. At normal vocal effort, in general the acoustic parameter values of patients are greater than normal. And in noisy situation, significant decrease of acoustic values is seen in normal compared with in dysphonia patients. The clinical implication of this finding, the vocal quality in dysphonia is not compensated by vocal effort as well as normal subjects because of the inefficiency caused by abnormal vocal fold appearance and function. And with this result, we can counsel that the voice quality can not be improved as well as the patient expect.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : Aerodynamic investigation is valuable information about the efficiency of the larynx in translating air pressure to acoustic signal. The normal data of the Korean has been reported, but there is no basic data of professional western classical singers who have learned how to control the flow of expiratory air for singing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal aerodynamic data of korean professional western classical singers and compare this with that of the Korean Materials and Methods : 50 Korean western classical singers were studied. Expiratory lung pressure combined with measurements of the mean air flow rate, voice frequency and intensity were measured with the aerodynamic test using airway interruption method. These data were compared with normal data of untrained normal adults. Results and Conclusions : The voice frequency and the voice intensity were increased in the western classic singers, but the mean air flow rate and the expiratory air pressure of the classical singers were within the same range of the untrained normal adults. This result means that western classical singers can change the loudness and pitch with a little increased or decreasing the mean air flow and the expiratory air pressure.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the acoustic voice outcomes of children with cochlear implant to those of children with normal hearing. Participants were 41 children using unilateral cochlear implant (18 males and 23 females), and children with normal hearing from the same age and sex. Mean age of implantation was approximately 3 years old, mean duration of implant use was 4 years in CI group. Acoustic analyses were performed using MDVP of CSL. Speech samples were 3 sustained vowels, /a, i, u/. 9 parameters (F0, Fhi, Flo, Jitter, Shimmer, vF0, vAm, NHR, and SPI) were analyzed. Children with CI did not show the significant differences in those parameters after the vowel /a/ phonation. Meanwhile, there were significantly different results in F0, Fhi, vF0, and SPI after /i, u/ phonation. These results revealed that differences of voice characteristics in children with CI compare to children with NH persist regarding vowel context. It suggests that high vowels would recommend as speech samples for acoustic evaluation. Futhermore perceptual analysis and speech therapy for phonation control would be necessary for children with CI.