• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2003

It has been considered that high Na intake, and low Ca/K intake are related to the incidence of hypertension. In this preliminary study, dietary Na, K, and Ca intake and their urinary excretion in rural area in Kyungpook province were measured to recognize the relationship between those blood pressure-related minerals and blood pressure regulation in elderly people in rural area of South Korea. Sixty eight subjects (male 39, female 29) aged over 60 were randomly selected in rural area in South Korea. Blood pressure and soup saltness were measured, and dietary intake using 24 hours recall and urinary excretion of Na, K and Ca were measured. Depending on the blood pressure level, the data were analyzed using non-parametric ANOVA of Kruskal Wallis analysis on the basis of categorizing of one of four blood pressure groups, such as normal, high normal, hypertension I and hypertension II. Mean systolic (124.2$\pm$15.1 mmHg) and diastolic (79.0$\pm$10.2 mmHg) blood pressures were within the normal range. Soup saltiness and systolic pressure was positively correlated (p < 0.05). Even without statistical significance, dietary Na intake was higher in the upper systolic blood pressure groups then in the lower ones, which suggested higher Na intake caused the increase of blood pressure. No consistency was shown between the urinary concentration of Na, K, Ca level and blood pressure level, respectively. From the results of this study, it is assumed that high Na intake might be related to the incidence of hypertension. Further study with large sample size is needed to supplement the limitation of this preliminary study. (Korean J Nutrition 36 (1) : 75-82, 2003)

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop a new cuff to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement, and to evaluate the performance of the developed system. We added a small bladder to the normal cuff, which we refer to as the double bladder system. The system that we developed for blood pressure measurement was based on the oscillometric method using a double bladder. This system was developed in order to reduce the oscillation noise and to amplify the signal of pure blood pressure. An oscillometric signal database based on the developed system was evaluated according to the ANSI/AAMI/SP10-1992 standard. The correlation coefficients between the cuff of the double bladder and the normal cuff were 0.98 for systolic pressure and 0.94 for diastolic pressure. The mean differences and the standard deviations between the average blood pressure obtained from a mercury manometer and that obtained from an automated sphygmomanometer were -0.7mmHg and 4.9mmHg for systolic, and -1.4mmHg and 5.4mmHg for diastolic pressure. We conclude that the proposed double bladder-based cuff system improves the accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure measurement. The developed system reduces the range of error by about $44{\sim}62%$ for systolic pressure and about $6{\sim}21%$ for diastolic pressure compared to the most recently developed, commercially available sphygmomanometers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in body fat distribution between normal and obese subjects and the relationship between risk factors(fasting blood sugar, blood pressure. fasting serum lipids) and obesity. Measurements of height. weight, skinfold thickness. body circumference. percent body fat. blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and serum lipids were made and a dietary survey was performed on 120(Males 61. Females 59) adult subjects. 1) Among the female subjects, the obese group appeared to have significantly higher centrality of body fat than the normal group. Obese groups of both sexes appeared with higher blood pressure than normal groups. No differences in daily average nutrient intake, fasting blood sugar and fasting serum lipids concentrations were observed between obese and normal groups. 2) In males. the serum triglyceride concentration was observed to have a significantly positive correlation to body weight, body mass index and body circumference, additionally concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed to have significantly positive correlations to the skinfold thickness. but the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was observed to be significantly negatively correlated to the skinfold thickness. 3) In females. the obese group consumed about 47% of total energy intake at lunch. whereas the normal group consumed about 29% . The food habit score of males appeared to be negatively related to body weight, percent ideal body weight. But the food habit score of females appeared to be negatively related to percent body fat(r=-0.32, p<0.05) .

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to elucidate effects of ingesting small or large amount of tap or iced water on circulation of normal healthy men with the purpose of furnishing basic data for nursing intervention of myocardial infarction patients. The subjects for this study were normal healthy men consisting of 30men and 30women in age from 22 to 30 years. One group consisting of 30men drank 240m1 tap water on day l and 240m1 iced water 24hours later. The other group drank 960m1 tap water on day 1 and 960m1 iced water 24hours later. Blood pressure and heart rate were taken in a sitting position before ingesting water, and immediately after ingesting it and at 2,5,10,15,30 minute intervals thereafter. Changes of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure after ingesting water were compared with those of preingestive period. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There were no significant changes in blood pressure and heart rater after ingesting small amount of water regardless of its temperature. 2. No significant decrease in blood pressure after ingesting large amount of tap water at all time peroids was noted. 3. A strongly significant interaction effect bet-ween temperature and volume was demonstrated, that is, there was a highly significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate at all time periods after ingesting large amount of iced water.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.257-268
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• 2017

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the correlation between obesity, threshold of salty taste, optimal saltiness and blood pressure in middle school students in a fishing village. The subjects were 115 boys and 103 girls in middle school in a fishing village. The BMI index and systolic and diastolic blood pressures of subjects were measured, and the subjects were divided into a normal and obese group according to their BMI. The threshold of salty taste and salt preference for a semisolid dish (steamed egg dish), liquid dish (bean sprout soup), and a solid dish (raw radish salad), were estimated by sensory evaluation. Calorie intake was measured using the weighing plate method. The boys in the obese group showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those in the normal, but girls did not. Furthermore, calorie intakes of the boys in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, but this was not shown in girls. On the threshold of salty taste, both boys and girls in the obese group needed higher concentration of salt than those in the normal group. The threshold of salty taste were significantly positively correlated with systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in boys. Regarding the salt preference in the steamed egg dish, bean-sprout soup, and raw radish salad, both boys and girls in the obese group preferred higher concentrations. The higher concentration they preferred, the higher the systolic and diastolic pressures were in boys, but only systolic blood pressure was higher in girls. From these results, it is evident that a nutritional education program is needed in school to help restricting middle school students salt consumption and decreasing obesity to prevent hypertension.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 1999

Experiments on flame spread in an one-dimensional droplet array up to supercritical pressures of fuel droplet have been conducted In normal gravity and microgravity. Evaporating process around unburnt droplet is observed through high-speed Schlieren and direct visualizations in detail, and flame spread rate is measured using high speed chemiluminescence images of OH radical. Flame spread behaviors are categorized into three: flame spread is continuous at low pressures and is regularly intermittent up to the critical pressure of fuel. flame spread is irregularly intermittent and zig-zag at supercritical pressures of fuel. At atmospheric pressure, the limit droplet spacing and the droplet spacing of maximum flame spread rate in microgravity are larger than those in normal gravity. In microgravity, the flame spread rate with the increase of ambient pressure decreases initially, takes a minimum, and then decreases after taking maximum. This is so because the flame spread time is determined by competing effects between the increased transfer time of thermal boundary layer due to reduced flame diameter and the reduced ignition delay time in terms of the increase of ambient pressure. Consequently, it is found that flame spread behaviors in microgravity are considerably different from those in normal gravity due to the absence of natural convection.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.434-438
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of calcaneal taping on peak plantar pressure of rearfoot and forefoot while walking. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects with normal feet participated in this study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) no disturbance of gait and foot pain, (2) normal range of motion of ankle joint, (3) no foot deformity. Pedoscan was used for recording of plantar pressure data during walking. The participants walked along a 12-m walkway before and after application of calcaneal taping. The plantar pressure gait was measured 3 times under barefoot and calcaneal taping conditions randomly at a speed practiced with the metronome during gait. The peak plantar pressure data were calculated for medial and lateral areas of the rearfoot and forefoot. The paired t-test was used to determine significant differences in peak plantar pressure of rearfoot and forefoot before and after application of calcaneal taping. A p-value less than 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: The calcaneal taping resulted in statistically significant decreases in peak plantar pressure of the rearfoot (medial side: p=0.03; lateral side: p=0.01). However, there were no significant changes in peak plantar pressure of the forefoot (medial side: p=0.45; lateral side: p=0.40). Conclusion: The calcaneal taping is recommended to reduce plantar pressure of the rearfoot in weight-bearing activities in subjects with plantar heel pain caused by atrophy of the fat pad.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.67.1-67.11
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• 2020

Background: Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) causes caudalization of the patellar ligament insertion in canine medial patellar luxation, which can lead to increases in patellofemoral contact pressure. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of patellofemoral contact mechanics after craniolateral and caudolateral transposition of tibial tuberosity in normal canine hindlimbs. Methods: Craniolateral and caudolateral transposition of tibial tuberosity was performed in 5 specimens, respectively. The pressure was measured in the specimen before TTT, and then in the same specimen after TTT. In this process, data was obtained in 10 specimens. The measurement results were output as visualization data through the manufacturer's software and numerical data through spreadsheet. Based on these 2 data and the anatomical structure of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) surface, whole measurement area was analysed by dividing into medial, lateral and central area. Results: In craniolateralization of tibial tuberosity, total, medial, central contact pressure was decreased and lateral contact pressure was not statistically changed lateral contact pressure than normal PFJ. In caudolateralization of tibial tuberosity, total, lateral contact pressure was increased and medial contact pressure was not statistically changed than normal PFJ. Although not statistically significant changed, central contact pressure in caudolateralization of tibial tuberosity was increased in all 5 specimens. Conclusions: These results imply that traditional TTT, prone to caudal shift of patellar tendon, can increase retropatellar pressure may lead to various complications and diseases of the stifle joint.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.346-350
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of calf tightness on gait, plantar pressure, and balance in adults. Methods: A total of 60 participants were divided into a normal group of 30 subjects with normal dorsiflexion angle (20-25 degrees) and an experimental group of 30 subjects with limited dorsiflexion angle (0-15 degrees) due to calf tightness. Gait ability and foot pressure of the subjects was measured with a treadmill, and the balance ability was measured by PROKIN system. Results: A significant difference in COP length, loading response, and single limb support was observed between groups. The COP length and single limb support ratio in the normal group was greater than in the experimental group, but the experimental group showed a higher ratio for loading response in the gait ratio. Conclusion: Our results indicated that calf tightness was negative effects on balance and gait ability, so assessment of the muscle tightness should be considered during exercise and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to investigate changes in blood pressure and heart rate in normal cats by administration of Korean native green tea. The chemical components of Korean native green tea which determined are water(2.2%), water extract(32.7%), vitamin C(480%), caffeine(2.6%), tannin(32.7%) and amino acid of water soluble content 5.8%. Effect on blood pressure in administration 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, 500mg/kg of extract of green tea, the mean depressor response is 44.8$\pm$3.3mmHg, 60.5$\pm$3.6mmHg, and 65.0$\pm$3.3mmHg in normal cats. Effect on heart rate in administration 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg of extract of Korean native green tea, the mean decreased heart rate is 2.8$\pm$4.5 beats/min, 15.2$\pm$6.4beats/min and 19.1$\pm$4.0 beats/min.