• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2009

The use of thin plate increases due to the need for light weight in large ship. Thin plate is easily distorted and has residual stress by welding heat. Therefore, the thin plate should be carefully joined to minimize the welding deformation which costs time and money for repair. For one effort to reduce welding deformation, it is very useful to predict welding deformation before welding execution. There are two methods to analyze welding deformation. One is simple linear analysis. The other is nonlinear analysis. The simple linear analysis is elastic analysis using the equivalent load method or inherent strain method from welding experiments. The nonlinear analysis is thermo-elastic analysis which gives consideration to the nonlinearity of material dependent on temperature and time, welding current, voltage, speed, sequence and constraint. In this study, the welding deformation is analyzed by using thermo-elastic method for PCTC(Pure Car and Truck Carrier) which carries cars and trucks. PCTC uses thin plates of 6mm thickness which is susceptible to welding heat. The analysis dimension is 19,200mm(length) * 13,825mm(width) * 376mm(height). MARC and MENTAT are used as pre and post processor and solver. The boundary conditions are based on the real situation in shipyard. The simulations contain convection and gravity. The material of the thin block is mild steel with $235N/mm^2$ yield strength. Its nonlinearity of conductivity, specific heat, Young's modulus and yield strength is applied in simulations. Welding is done in two pass. First pass lasts 2,100 second, then it rests for 900 second, then second pass lasts 2,100 second and then it rests for 20,000 second. The displacement at 0 sec is caused by its own weight. It is maximum 19mm at the free side. The welding line expands, shrinks during welding and finally experiences shrinkage. It results in angular distortion of thin block. Final maximum displacement, 17mm occurs around welding line. The maximum residual stress happens at the welding line, where the stress is above the yield strength. Also, the maximum equivalent plastic strain occurs at the welding line. The plastic strain of first pass is more than that of second pass. The flatness of plate in longitudinal direction is calculated in parallel with the direction of girder and compared with deformation standard of ${\pm}15mm$. Calculated value is within the standard range. The flatness of plate in transverse direction is calculated in perpendicular to the direction of girder and compared with deformation standard of ${\pm}6mm$. It satisfies the standard. Buckle of plate is calculated between each longitudinal and compared with the deformation standard. All buckle value is within the standard range of ${\pm}6mm$.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

This paper related with the performance of SE-MMA (Signed-Error MMA) that is the reduction of computational operation number in algorithm than MMA blind eualization algorithm which are possible to elimination of intersymbol interferance in the band limited and time dispersive nonlinear communication channel. In MMA algorithm which are possible to reduction of amplitude and phase rotation by intersymbol interference that is occurred in channel without using the training sequence, it uses the error signal that is the difference of the equalizer output and constant modulus, the statisticlly characteristic of transmitted signal. But in SE-MMA, it uses the polarity of the error signal, then it is possible to reduce the updating the tap coefficient and to simplify the H/W implementation. The computer simulation were performed in order to compare the performance of SE-MMA and conventional MMA algorithm. For this, the recovered signal constellation that is the output of the equalizer, the convergence performance by MSE, MD (maximum distortion) and residual isi characteristic learning curve, SER were used. As a result of simulation, the SE-MMA has more fast convergence speed than the MMA. But in the other index after reaching the seady state, it gives more worst performance values in the used index.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.5 s.311
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

In this study, we evaluated the performance of a companding strategy as a preprocessing for speech enhancement and noise reduction. The proposed algorithm is based on two tone suppression that is human's hearing characteristics. This algorithm enhances spectral peak of speech signal and reduces background noise, however it has tradeoff characteristics between speech distortion and noise reduction due to limited channel number and nonlinear block. Therefore, we designed two different companding structures that have relative characteristics of noise reduction and speech distortion and found suitable companding structures by difference of individual speech perception ability in noise environment. Thus we proposed speech perception enhancement of cochlear implant user in noise environment with low SNR. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated through 5 normal hearing listeners using noise band simulation. Improvement of speech perception was observed for all subjects and each subject preferred the different type of companding structure.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

This paper related with the VSS_SE-MMA (Varying Step Size_Signed Error-MMA) which possible to improving the equalization performance that employing the varying adaptive step size based on the nonlinearities of error signal of SE-MMA (Signed Error-MMA), compensates the intersymbol interference by distortion occurs at the communication channel, in the transmitting the spectral efficient nonconstant modulus signal such as 16-QAM. The SE-MMA appeared to the reducing the computational arithematic operation using the polarity of error signal in the updating the tap coefficient of present MMA adaptive equalizer, but have a problem of equalization performance degradation. The VSS_SE-MMA improves the problem of such SE-MMA, using the varying step size consider the error signal in the update the adaptive equalizer tap coefficient, and its improved performance were confirmed by simulation. For this, the output signal constellation of equalizer, the residual isi and maximum distortion, MSE and SER were applied. As a result of computer simulation, it was confirmed that the VSS_SE-MMA algorithm has nearly same in convergence speed and has more good performance in every performance index at the steady state.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.103-109
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• 2014

This paper related with the CR-MMA which is possible to improving the equalization performance by applying the concept of constellation reduction in the MMA adaptive equalization alogorithm in order to reduce the intersymbol interference that is occurred in the nonlinear communication channel. In the updating process of MMA adaptive equalizer, the error signal is being obtained by using the equalizer output, and the performance will be degraded by the increase the error signal in the high order QAM constellation. But by using the constellation reduction, the high order QAM signal will be changed to the 4-QAM signal constellation and then the error signal will be obtained. By doing so, the error signal will be minimized and it is possible to improve the equalization performance in the high order QAM transmitted signal. The Computer simulation was performed in order to compare the performance of the proposed CR-MMA algorithm and original MMA algorithm in the same communication channel and noise environment. For this, the recoverd signal constellation which is the output of equalizer, residual isi and MD (Maximum Distortion) learning curve which is represents the convergence performance and SER which is represents the roburstness of noise were used. As a result of simulation, the CR-MMA has more superior to the MMA. And it was confirmed that the CR-MMA has roburstness to the noise in the SER performance.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2001

It has been known that nonlinear characteristics of sorption affect the transport behavior of water soluble pollutants in soils. However detailed experimental studies have not been performed to verify the effect of non-linearity of adsorption isotherm on transport of chemicals in porous media. In this research, the distortion of breakthrough curves of a cationic surfactant (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) in a engineered stainless steel column packed with glass beads were investigated. Glass beads with about 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$diameter coated with a thin n-decane film were used as the media providing the sorption surface for CPC. The CPC adsorption isotherm on the surface of n-decane from aqueous solution was a typical Langmuir type. The breakthrough curve of CPC using step Input showed a late breakthrough on the front side and early breakthrough on the back side accordance to the shape of the isotherm. The retardation factor of CPC was found to be a strong function of the input concentration, which also a manifestation of the non-linearity of the isotherm. The retardation factors for the CPC with step input agreed with those of pulse input that the maximum concentrations are controlled to be the same as the step input concentrations. This results support the validity of the unproven field practices of using hydrogeotracers with non-linear adsorption isotherms to determine the hydrogeological parameters, e.g., NAPL saturation, air-water or NAPL-water interfacial areas.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.7 s.361
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a special case of multicarrier transmission, where a single data stream is transmitted over a number of lower-rate subcarrier. One of the main reasons to use OFDM is to increase robustness against frequency-selective fading or narrowband interference. Unfortunately, an OFDM signal consists of a number of independently modulated subcarriers, which can give a large PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) when added up coherently. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a simple PAPR reduction scheme, which requires no change of a receiver structure or no additional information transmission. The approach we employed is clipping in the time and frequency domains. The time-domain clipping is carried out with a predetermined clipping level while the frequency-domain clipping is done within EVM (Error Vector Magnitude). This approach is suboptimal with lower computational complexity compared to the optimal method. This evaluation is carried out on the OFDM system with an nonlinear amplifier. The simulation results demonstrated that the PAPR reduction algorithm is one of ways to reduce the effects of the nonlinear distortion of an HPA (High Power Amplifier).

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

This paper proposes a new noise-biased compensation of minimum statistics(MS) method using a nonlinear function and a priori speech absence probability(SAP) for speech enhancement in non-stationary noisy environments. The minimum statistics(MS) method is well known technique for noise power estimation in non-stationary noisy environments. It tends to bias the noise estimate below that of true noise level. The proposed method is combined with an adaptive parameter based on a sigmoid function and a priori speech absence probability (SAP) for biased compensation. Specifically. we apply the adaptive parameter according to the a posteriori SNR. In addition, when the a priori SAP equals unity, the adaptive biased compensation factor separately increases ${\delta}_{max}$ each frequency bin, and vice versa. We evaluate the estimation of noise power capability in highly non-stationary and various noise environments, the improvement in the segmental signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the Itakura-Saito Distortion Measure (ISDM) integrated into a spectral subtraction (SS). The results shows that our proposed method is superior to the conventional MS approach.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to observe the applicability of parabolic mild-slope equations allowing relatively large angles of wave propagation based on the use of a Pade approximant or minimax approximation and also the applicability of the models with nonlinearity of diffracted waves in the shadow zone behind coastal structures. To accomplish these objectives, numerical solutions are obtained from the above parabolic models and are compared with the results from Watanabe and Maruyama's(1984) hydraulic model test on the wave field with an impermeable detached breakwater. From this study, it is found that computed wave heights increase for the nonlinear results in comparison to the linear results due to the increased diffraction effect across the geometric shadow boundary. The model with a larger aperture with respect to the principal direction was found to spread laterally to a much greater degree where spreading angle (diffraction effect) is relatively large. which causes a distortion in the overall results due to the error accumulated by the approximation of wave length.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an active 3D shape acquisition method based on photometric stereo using camera and flash on a smartphone. Two smartphones are used as the master and slave, in which the slave projects illumination from different locations while the master captures the images and processes photometric stereo algorithm to reconstruct 3D shape. In order to reduce the error, the smartphone's camera is calibrated to overcome the effect of the lens distortion and nonlinear camera sensor response. We apply 5-point algorithm to estimate the pose between smartphone cameras and then estimate lighting direction vector to run the photometric stereo algorithm. Experimental result shows that the proposed system enables us to use smartphone as a 3D camera with low cost and high quality.