• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the effects of a nonionic surfactant on the etch uniformity and the etch profile during the wet-etching process of high-purity aluminum were investigated for the fabrication of uniform micropattern arrays. To improve the surface roughness of a high-purity aluminum plate, a mechanical lapping process and an electrolytic polishing process were used. After electrolytic polishing process, the surface roughness, Ra, of the high-purity aluminum plate was improved from $1.25{\mu}m$ to $0.02{\mu}m$. A photoresist was used as an etching mask during the aluminum etching process, where the mixture of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, a nonionic surfactant and water was used as the aluminum etchant. Different amounts of the Triton X-100 nonionic surfactant were added to the aluminum etchant to investigate the effect of a nonionic surfactant during the wet-etching process of high-purity aluminum. The etch rate and the etch profile were measured by an optical interferometer and a scanning electron microscope.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2003

A spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of anionic and nonionic surfactant based on the application of multivariate calibration method such as principal component regression(PCR) and partial least squares(PLS) has been studied. The calibration models in PCR and PLS were obtained from the spectral data in the range of 400~700 nm for each standard of a calibration set of 26 standards, each containing different amounts of two surfactants. The relative standard error of prediction(RSEP$_{\alpha}$) was obtained to assess the model goodness in quantifying each analyte in a 5 validation samples which containing different amounts of two surfactants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.4261-4264
• /
• 2012

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2021

In this study, a nonionic reactive emulsifier with aromatic and acryl group was synthesized by using polyoxyethylene(10) dodecylphenyl ether with 3-butenoic acid. The synthesized nonionic reactive emulsifier was confirmed by ¹H-NMR and FT-IR. In addition, the reactive emulsifier synthesized in the preparation of aqueous acrylic adhesives base emulsion was used and the properties of the solid content, conversion, particle size distribution, peel strength and high temperature holding force were compared to those of nonionic emulsifiers without aromatic group. The particle size was distributed from 370 nm to 698 nm, and the peel strength were measured in the range of 1.507~1.802 kg_f. The high temperature holding force of prepared adhesives base emulsion were measured in the range of 0.50~2.00 mm. Especially, in the result of synthesized nonionic reactive emulsifier with aromatic group, it was confirmed that high temperature holding force results were the most excellent than the case of using other nonionic reactive emulsifiers, and it can be useful for water-based acryl pressure sensitive adhesive.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 2001

MOW (Mixed Office Waste) mainly consisted of photocopied paper is being recycled to produce tissue or fine paper products. Toner particles that are fused and set on paper surface in photocopying process turns into large and plate-shaped particles after repulping which prevents them to be removed effectively in flotation deinking. The immediate purpose of this study is to find the effective deinking technology that increases the recycling potential of photocopied papers for manufacturing tissue and fine paper products. In this study the effects of pulping temperature and the type of hydrophobic groups of nonionic surfactants on the deinking efficiency of photocopied paper has been investigated. Particle size distribution of the toner particles after pulping and flotation, brightness, yield and ash removal were investigated. The size of toner particles after pulping increased as the pulping temperature was increased. When pulping at the low temperature finer toner particles were generated, however, greater amount of toner particles was found to attach to the fiber. When the pulping temperature was greater than Tg of the toner, the amount of coarse hairy particles increased. When nonionic surfactants with a double bond in hydrophobic groups were used, toner removal efficiency, brightness and ash removal were increased. As the addition level of surfactant was increased, yield decreased rather sharply without improving brightness.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

Increase in the utilization rate of recycled paper and closing level of papermaking system increased the problem associated with stickies that include decrease in process runnability and product quality. It is required to establish a process for removing the micro stickies to solve the problems associated with stickies. In this study, the application of flotation process as a method to remove micro stickies was examined. Model micro stickies (MMS) were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA), and the influence of three nonionic surfactants on the removal efficiency of MMS from flotation process was examined. Also the effect of surfactants on the deposition of micro stickies that remaining in the papermaking wet end onto wire was examined. Removal efficiency of MMS by flotation was increased when the proportion of nonionic surfactant with propylene oxide (PO) type hydrophilic tail was increased and stock pH was 7. It was suggested that this nonionic surfactant minimized the increase of surface energy of hydrophobic MMS. The MMS with high hydrophobicity remaining in the papermaking system, however, would cause more serious deposition problems on papermaking wet end. Therefore, it is of great importance to increase the removal efficiency of MMS in flotation process for the prevention of papermaking system contamination caused by stickies deposition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.3 s.162
• /
• pp.433-439
• /
• 2007

The effects of nonionic surfactants on detergency and water wetting/retention properties of soiled cotton cloths were reported. Two different soiled cloths were used. soiled cotton cloth 1 was made in the lab. with carbon black, tripalmitin, n-dodecane & palmitic acid on Korea Apparel Testing & Research Institute(KATRI) cotton testcloth and soiled cotton cloth 2(EMPA 101) was purchased from Testfabrics, Inc., USA. The following nonionic surfactants; l.e., Span 20, Tween 20, 40, 60, 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, & 85, were used in the study. The water retention ratio(W/H) values of soiled cotton cloths were decreased, whereas the water contact angle values of soiled cloth were not changed markedly compared with those of unsoiled testcloths. The wetting and water retention of soiled cotton cloth 1 was improved with addition of nonoinic surfactants. The surfactants which have more hydrophilic characterictics or unsaturated hydrophobe tails were effective in improving wetting and water retention properties of soiled cotton cloth 1. The water contact angle values of soiled cotton cloths were extremely low with Span 20, presumably due to the high adsorption density or the surfactant. The detergency of soiled cloths were low in Span 20 and high in Tween 20, 40, 60 & 80 0.1g/dl surfactant solutions. Nonionic surfactants having higher ethylene oxide contents resulted in better detergency. In the range studied, the wetting and water retention of soiled cotton cloths did not show any particular relation to the detergency, whereas the surfactant characteristics, especially HLB values, influenced the detergency of soiled cotton cloths.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2019

To investigate the effect of nonionic surfactant and emulsion stabilizer on O/W emulsions, various emulsion formulations with different types of nonionic surfactants and emulsion stabilizers were prepared and their rheological properties were compared. In this study, polysorbate 60 (Tween 60), PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO 60), octyldodeceth-16 (OD 16), and ceteareth-6 olivate (Olivem 800) were used as hydrophilic nonionic surfactants, whereas cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and stearic acid as emulsion stabilizers. Phase separation occurred only in the emulsion formulation with octyldodeceth-16 and all other emulsion formulations maintained a stable phase. The viscosity, hardness, and creaminess of emulsion formulation using a mixture of ceteareth-6 olivate and cetyl alcohol were the highest, and the emulsified droplet size was also the largest. These results are due to the formation of a network structure texture with the development of a large amount of liquid crystal in the O/W emulsion. In this formulation, the value of elastic modulus was large and the thixotropic behavior, in which the viscosity varies with the history of external force, was observed.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 1999

In this study, we consider the effect of nonionic surfactants on the rheological responses of emulsion systems under the action of a uniform do electric field. The model emulsions consist of a less conducting dispersed phase and a more conducting continuous phase. When the shear flow is weak, the positive viscosity effect is produced due to the formation of chain-like morphology. The nonionic surfactants used here generate two distinctively different effects. Specifically, first, the steric hindrance induced by the surfactant molecules renders the structure unstable, and thereby reduces the degree of positive viscosity effect. Secondly, the presence of surfactant molecules also prevents the rotation of the dispersed droplets by anchoring across the interface or by decreasing the size of dispersed phase. The second effect suppresses the negative viscosity effect.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 1996

To develop oral controlled release dosage forms, ionic interactions between polymers and drugs were evaluated. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and carboxymethylene were used as model nonionic and ionic polymers, respectively. 5-fluorouracil, propranolol-HCl and sodium salicylate were selected as model nonionic, cationic and anionic, respectively. Polymer-drug mixtures were compressed into tablets and drug release kinetics from these tablets were determined. Drug release from the tablets made of the nonionic polymer was not affected by the charge of drugs, rather, was regulated by the solubility of drugs in different pH releasing media. However, drug release kinetics were significantly affected when drug-polymer ionic interactions exist. Enhanced drug release was observed from anionic drug-anionic polymer tablets due to ionic repulsion, whereas drug release was retarded in cationic drug-anionic polymer tablets owing to ionic attractive force. Therefore, the results suggested that the polymer-drug interactions are important factors in designing controlled release dosage forms.