• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.480-488
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine gain the most desirable mixture ratio for the ingredients of Backhapbyung. Sensory examination and mechanical test were conducted on the texture, water contents and color degree of Backhapbyung with various ratios of liliibulbs powder and sugar added to nonglutinous rice flour. The results of sensory evaluation showed that Backhapbyung composed of put 8% (24g) liliibulbs powder, 40g sugar, 40ml water and 276g nonglutinous rice flour had the highest overall score in terms of acceptability, after-swallowing and taste of flavor, and overall quality preference. Overall among the recipes tested, that with 6% (24g) liliibulbs powder, 40g sugar, 40 ml water and 282g nonglutinous rice flour showed the highest marks in springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. The moisture content was 33.54% nonglutinous rice flour, and 11.8% liliibulbs powder. The overall quality of sensory examination for bitterness was positively correlated with the hardness of sensory examination and the mechanical examination for adhesiveness. The overall quality of sensory examination for chewiness was positively correlated with the moistness of sensory examination and the mechanical examination for cohesiveness. From the above results, the best mixture ratio of Backhapbyung, with a moisture content of 37.18%, is 8% (24g) of liliibulbs powder, 40g sugar, 40ml water, and 3g salt and 276g nonglutinous rice flour.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.109-132
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• 1992

"Yang Ju Bang" written in Korea is the amonymous old rice-wine book. Yang Ju Bang is supposed to be written in 19th century. The contents of "Yang Ju Bang consist of seventy one items on alcoholic beverages and one item abut "Jeup Jang'. Nonglutinous rice was the most commonly used ingredient, Of the 35 different ingredients that are used in the first step nonglutinous rice makes up 78%. When brewed rice wine, the use of distiller's grains in rice wine is abut 11%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1987

As people know how to brew a wine from fruits and cereals, they continued to develope various wines good to their taste. Korean wines are also ones made from cereals and they have long been eager to improve the delicate taste. They used to drink Takju, raw rice wine, made from nonglutinous rice and Nuruk, a kind of yeast starter. During Koryo Dynasty, Soju a liquor was imported from Won(the Chinese dynasty). Nowadays this traditional folk wine, which had been developed variously and drunk all over the country, is decreasing year after year. The purpose of this study was to review on the wines ; its kinds, raw materials, brewing method, manufacturing utensils, measuring units and devices and the terms for wine making based on 20 documents published in 1600, in the middle of Yi dynesty. The results of review were as follows. 1. There were 121 kinds of wines at that time in Korea. 2. Among the raw materials for wines, major materials were glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, wheat flour, wheat, mung bean, and black soybean. And minor materials were pepper corn, Lycium chinenisis, cinnamon, pine needles, pine nuts, jujube, mugwort leaves, lotus leaves, pine corn, pine bud, chrysanthemum, pine flowers, honey, Acanthopanox seoultenses, bamboo-root, marrowbone of blak cow, sweet flag, Ciprus noblis, Saurea lappa, honey suckle, Tricho santhes, azalea, the leaves of the paper mulberry, and bark of chungum tree. 3. There were several kinds of wines such as a wine without using Nuruk, a wine made from glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, or glutinous and nonglutinous rice with flour. 4. There were several brewing methods for wines such as a wine boiled with ring rice cake, a wine brewed with loaves of rice cake, a wine brewed with hard boiled rice, a wine brewed with rice gruel, and a wine brewed with powdered rice gruel. 5. There were 23 kinds of utensils including measuring devices for weight and volume.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.649-656
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• 2011

In this study, we made Sulgidduk with commercialized dried nonglutinous rice flour and different levels of soybean curd. For physical properties of the bean curd-Sulgidduk, its water content was increased significantly with a growing addition of soybean curd. In chromaticity, its L value(brightness) and a value(redness) were decreased significantly with more bean curd while b value(yellowness) went up in Sulgidduk with a large amount of rice flour but went down significantly in the Sulgidduk with a small amount of it. Its hardness of texture was found to be the highest in the Sulgidduk with the most dried nonglutinous rice flour and it tended to be higher with more rice flour and less soybean curd. For cohesiveness, it was recorded to be the highest in the Sulgidduk without soybean curd and showed a tendency of decreasing by adding the bean curd but increased later significantly. In addition, its springiness and brittleness became larger with addition of more dried nonglutinous rice flour. From these results, the best ratio of the bean curd-Sulgidduk to increase nutrition and absorption and to satisfy physical and sensory properties, was 420 g to 500 g of soybean curd to dried nonglutinous rice flour. Moreover, it was considered to decline the calorie of Sulgidduk by adding soybean curd as a material and to contribute to its commercialization by extending storage and preservation time of soybean curd with a short expiration date.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.346-351
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• 2005

The physiochemical characteristics and sensory properties of Jinyang-ju was investigated on pH, total acidity, alcohol content, conductivity, dissolved solid, turbidity, reducing sugar content and sensory evaluation. Glutinous rice starter showed the enzyme activity that the ${\alpha}-amylase$ was 121.0 unit, ${\beta}-amylase$ was 40.0 unit and acidic. neutrality protease were 34.2, 23.7 unit, while the nonglutinous rice starter showed ${\alpha}-amylase$ was 156.0 unit, ${\beta}-amylase$ was 45.2 unit, acidic neutrality protease were 9.06, and 0.1 unit, respectively. The pH of the glutinous rice Jinyang-ju and nonglutinous rice Jinyang-ju showed the value of 5.33 and 4.04, total acidity of 2.30% and 2.05%, alcohol(%) of $2.58{\sim}13.5%\;and\;2.51{\sim}15.5%$, total organic acid content(mg%) of 4.35 and 7.63, free sugar of 4.98 mg% and 2.90 mg%, respectively. The sensory evaluation showed that the glutinous rice Jinyang-ju was more acceptable value than nonglutinous rice Jinyang-ju.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 1992

The research on the manufacturing procedure of Hosanchun jun in the classical literature(17 kinds) showed that the most usually brewed rice wine in it is the 3rd step rice wine, which is brewed by adding rice wine base to it at the intervals used quantity are as follows. Nonglutinous rice(88.2%), flour(82.3%), and nu-ruk(100%) are used in the 1st step of brewing, and nonglutinous rice(82.3%), glutinous rice(17.6%), flour(23.5%), and nu-ruk(11.3%) are used in the 2nd sep, and glutinous rice, flour, and 3rd step of brewing. The grains are used in the form of -paste(88.2%) in the 1st, and in the form of paste(64.7%) and steamed water-soaked rice(sul-bab)(29.4%) in the second step, and sul-bab(64.7%) in the 3rd step of brewing. Nu-ruk is used in small quantity in the 3rd step but it is used I somewhat larger quantity in the 2nd step of brewing.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1991

Baekhaju is commonly called Bangmoonju. However comparing Baekhaju while Baekhaju used distiller's grains, Bangmoonju did not use them. Baekhaju used only nonglutinous rice, however, Bangmoonju used glutinous rice or a mixture of glutinous rice and nonglutinous rice. Baekhaju in Chinese, which was misrecored on Baekhaju in Korean from 15th century. However, Baekhaju should be distingnish from Baekhwaju, which is made buy addition of many flowers in various wine. Baekhaju used distiller's grains in the first step of its manufacture procedure. For the fermentation of Baekhaju, one of the three bases, which are rice gruel, rice cake or 구멍떡 was added to distiller's grains. Flours and nuruk are also added. In the second step, steamed water-soaked rice and nuruk was added up to the Baekhaju-base which was got from the first step.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.450-462
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the literature in connection with the names and recipes of japgwabyung recorded between 1392 and 2000. The names of japgwabyung were classified into eight types, including japgwabyung, japgwapyun, japgwajumbyung, japgwago, and japgwadanja. The names of japgwatteoks, classified with recipes, were Jjjin-tteoks, Chin-ttoks, and Salmeun-tteoks. The main ingredients used for japgwabyung were glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, and buckwheat. The subsidiary ingredients were fruits, spices, seeds, and sweeteners. This study classified the names of japgwabyung, depending on the recipes, as japgwabyung, japgwapyun, japgwadanja, and japgwainjulmi. In addition this study classified recipes, depending on names, as steamed rice cakes made of sedimentary rice, steamed valley rice cake, steamed rice ]cakes with stuffs filled in and with bean powder dredged after striking, and steamed or struck rice cake with bean powder dredged. The main ingredients were glutinous rice and nonglutinous rice. The subsidiary ingredients were chestnuts, jujubes and dried persimmons, with other fruits being added according to taste.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 1996

The volatile flavor components in mash of nonglutinous rice Takju brewed with or without addition of the starter were determined by GC and GC-MS using polar column. Various kinds of volatile components including alcohols(10), esters(9), organic acids(2) and aldehydes(7) were found in mash of nonglutinous rice Takjus. At the beginning stage of fermentation, 3 to 7 volatile flavor components were detected. The number of volatile flavor components were increased to 26 of to 28 after 16 days fermentation. Early in the brewing, just 3 kinds of flavor components including ethyl acetate, ${\beta}-phenylethyl$ acetate and acetic acid were detected in mash of nonglutinous rice Takju without the addition of the starter, when starter is added additional compounds of alcohol including ethanol were detected, which is suggested to be the effect of flavors originated from the starter. The common flavor compounds through the entire process of fermentation in mash of nonglutinous rice Takju were ethyl acetate, ${\beta}-phenylethyl$ acetate and acetic acid. The relative amount(peak area %) of flavor components were changed with the fermentation period, but the major volatile flavor components were ethyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, hexenyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, ${\beta}-phenylethyl$ acetate and ${\beta}-phenylethyl$ alcohol. The relative amount(peak area %) of ethyl alcohol was the highest in mash of nonglutinous rice Takju with addition of starter. When the starter was not added in the mash of nonglutinous rice Takju, any alcoholic components were not detected in the early stage of fermentation. But the percent of peak area hexenyl alcohol was the highest after 16 days fermentation. Especially few sorts of ester were detected in mash of nonglutious rice Takju without addition of starter by 3 days fermentation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.513-523
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• 1993

Varietal difference in structural and physical characteristics of rice starch and interrelationships between these starch properties and the physicochemical components of rice grains were investigated for twenty four rice varieties, which were considerably different in amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency, to obtain the basic informations for diversifying the utility of rice grains and for developing various rice cultivars adaptable to rice food processing. Wave length of maximum absorbance for blue color reaction of starch-I$_2$ complex was 520nm for glutinous rice and 560～600nm for nonglutinous rice. The higher amylose rice showed the longer wave length but there was considerable difference of the wave length among rice materials with similar amylose content. Varietal difference in frequency distribution of debranched starch molecules by isoamylase hydrolysis was largest in amylose fraction, the longest fraction(Fr. I), and was next bigger in intermediate fraction(Int.Fr.) and the ratio between short and long glucose chain of amylopectin fraction(Fr. III /Fr. II). The Fr. III / Fr II ratio was higher in glutinous rice than in nonglutinous one but it was considerably different among nonglutinous rice varieties without any connection with amylose content. The lower alkali digestible rice showed the longer half-hydrolysis time in acid solution. Both soft and hard gel rice varieties in gel consistency test revealed significant varietal difference of 50% acid hydrolysis time. The harder rice in gel consistency exhibited the less frequency of short branch fraction of amylopectin (Fr. III) and the higher amylose content. Twenty four rice varieties were cleary classified by upper two principal components contracted from structural or physical traits of rice starch and some physicochemical properties of rice grain by principal component analysis. The 1st and 2nd principal components can be characterized to components related with amylose and amylopectin structure respectively.