• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2020

Purpose: We compared noncoplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (ncVMAT) plans to coplanar VMAT (cVMAT) plans by evaluating the dosimetric quality of each for esophageal cancer. Methods: Twenty patients treated for esophageal cancer with the cVMAT technique were retrospectively selected. The cVMAT plans consisted of three coplanar full arc beams. The ncVMAT plans consisted of two coplanar full arc beams and one noncoplanar partial arc beam ranging from 45° to 315° with a couch rotation angle of 315°±5°. For dosimetric evaluation, the dose-volumetric (DV) parameters of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were calculated for all VMAT plans. Results: No clinically noticeable differences between the cVMAT and ncVMAT plans were observed in the DV parameters of the PTV. For the lungs, the V_{13 Gy} and mean dose for ncVMAT plans were smaller than those for cVMAT plans, showing statistically significant differences. For the heart, the values of the maximum dose for cVMAT and ncVMAT plans were 53.8±2.9 and 50.9±3.3 Gy, respectively (P=0.004). For the spinal cord, the values of the maximum dose for cVMAT and ncVMAT plans were 37.1±5.1 and 34.7±5.7 Gy, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions: The use of ncVMAT plans provides better PTV coverage and sparing of OARs compared to that of cVMAT plans for long, tube-like esophageal cancer. For esophageal cancer, the ncVMAT plans showed a more favorable plan quality than the cVMAT plans.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.933-934
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• 2002

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1992

LINAC 뇌정위적 방사선 수술은 multiple noncoplanar arc, 3 차원 선량 계산 및 많은 조사 변수들이 사용되기 때문에 간단한 경우에도 최적 선량분포를 얻기 위해서는 많은 시간이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 실험적 방법과 분석적 방법을 통한 유용한 방법을 제시하기 위한 것으로서, 보다 자세한 방법 및 내용은 앞으로의 발표 논문에서 다루게 된다. 실험적 방법으로 2가지 방법에의하면, 첫번째 방법은 multiple isocenter를 이용하는 것이고, 두번째 방법은 beam's eye view와 field shaping을 이용한 conformal therapy이다. 분석적 방법은 최적 조사조건을 찾기 위하여 computer-aided design optimization 방법을 이용하는 것이다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

치료 테이블 회전, 아크 간 콜리메이터 회전 각도가 광자에너지별 전립선암 래피드아크 치료계획의 선량분포에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 6 MV와 10 MV 광자 에너지에 대해 2 아크(two arcs)를 사용하여 아크 간 콜리메이터 각도 차이가 $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$인 경우와 치료 테이블 회전 유무에 따라 치료계획을 시행하였다. 선량 최적화를 위한 표적 및 중요 장기의 선량 제한치(dose constraints)를 동일하게 적용하여 계산하였고 선량 분포를 평가하기 위해 CI (Conformity index), HI (Homogeneity index), QOC (Quality of Coverage) 등의 정량화된 선량 지표를 구하여 각 치료계획의 최적화 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과 치료계획표적용적과 중요장기의 선량 지표 차이는 3.6% 이하로 광자에너지, 치료테이블, 아크 간 콜리메이터 각도의 영향은 크지 않았다. 그러나 표적에서 먼 정상조직의 경우 저 선량 영역 차이가 크게 나타났다. 좌우 대퇴골두의 V15%는 6 MV 일 때 각각 6.4%, 5.5% 높았고, 치료테이블 회전 시에는 23.4%, 24.1% 높게 나타났다. 표적에서 먼 영역(Far Region)의 V10%는 6 MV 일 때 54.2 cc, 치료테이블 회전이 없을 때 343.4 cc, 아크 간 콜리메이터 각도가 $0^{\circ}$일 때 457.8 cc 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1997

Light wave diffraction from multiple superposed volume gratings is inestigated using a perturbative iteration method of the integral equation of Maxwell's wave equation. The host material and index gratings are anisotropic and non-coplanar multiple volume gratings are considered. In this method, the paraxial approximation and lack of backward scattering in conventional coupled mode theory are not assumed. Systematic analysis of anisotropic wave diffraction due to multiple noncoplanar volume index gratings is performed in increasing level of diffraction orders corresponding to successive iterations.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2017

Purpose: To determine the optimal radiotherapy technique for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma), we compared the dosimetric parameters and the risk of solid secondary cancer from scattered doses among anterior-posterior/ posterior-anterior parallel-opposed fields (AP/PA), anterior, posterior, right, and left lateral fields (4_field), 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) using noncoplanar beams, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy composed of 7 coplanar beams (IMRT_co) and 7 coplanar and noncoplanar beams (IMRT_non). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively generated 5 planning techniques for 5 patients with gastric MALToma. Homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and mean doses of the kidney and liver were calculated from the dose-volume histograms. Applied the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report to scattered doses, the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was calculated to estimate the risk of solid secondary cancer. Results: The best value of CI was obtained with IMRT, although the HI varied among patients. The mean kidney dose was the highest with AP/PA, followed by 4_field, 3D-CRT, IMRT_co, and IMRT_non. On the other hand, the mean liver dose was the highest with 4_field and the lowest with AP/PA. Compared with 4_field, the LAR for 3D-CRT decreased except the lungs, and the LAR for IMRT_co and IMRT_non increased except the lungs. However, the absolute differences were much lower than <1%. Conclusion: Tailored RT techniques seem to be beneficial because it could achieve adjacent organ sparing with very small and clinically irrelevant increase of secondary solid cancer risk compared to the conventional techniques.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.351-359
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• 1991

LINAC 뇌정위적 방사선 수술은 주로 multiple noncoplanar arc를 이용한 single isocenter를 이용하고 있다. 이러한 방법에 의하면 구형선량 분포를 얻게 되는데, 뇌동정맥 기형이나 뇌종양의 경우 구형이 아닌 임의의 형태를 가진 경우도 많다. 본 논문에서는 임의의 병소형태에 대하여 multiple isocenters를 이용하여 병소모양과 같은 형태의 선량분포를 얻는 방법에 대하여 논하고져 한다. 적당한 조사변수들을 처음에 잘 선정하는 것은, 빠른 시간내에 최적선량 계획을 수행하는데 중요하다. 긴 병소모양에 대하여 같은 형태의 선량분포를 얻기 위한 isocenter 간격 및 조사면에 대한 guideline이 만들어졌다. 특히, 3차원 선량분포를 이용한 multiple isocenters의 응용에 대하여 논하여진다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

Purpose : Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning is being used widely for the treatment of patients with brain tumor. However, it takes much time to develop an optimal treatment plan, therefore, it is difficult to apply this technique to all patients. To increase the efficiency of this technique, we need to develop standard radiotherapy plant for each site of the brain. Therefore we developed several 3 dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans (3D plans) for tumors at each site of brain, compared them with each other, and with 2 dimensional radiotherapy plans. Finally model plans for each site of the brain were decide. Materials and Methods : Imaginary tumors, with sizes commonly observed in the clinic, were designed for each site of the brain and drawn on CT images. The planning target volumes (PTVs) were as follows; temporal $tumor-5.7\times8.2\times7.6\;cm$, suprasellar $tumor-3\times4\times4.1\;cm$, thalamic $tumor-3.1\times5.9\times3.7\;cm$, frontoparietal $tumor-5.5\times7\times5.5\;cm$, and occipitoparietal $tumor-5\times5.5\times5\;cm$. Plans using paralled opposed 2 portals and/or 3 portals including fronto-vertex and 2 lateral fields were developed manually as the conventional 2D plans, and 3D noncoplanar conformal plans were developed using beam's eye view and the automatic block drawing tool. Total tumor dose was 54 Gy for a suprasellar tumor, 59.4 Gy and 72 Gy for the other tumors. All dose plans (including 2D plans) were calculated using 3D plan software. Developed plans were compared with each other using dose-volume histograms (DVH), normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) and variable dose statistic values (minimum, maximum and mean dose, D5, V83, V85 and V95). Finally a best radiotherapy plan for each site of brain was selected. Results : 1) Temporal tumor; NTCPs and DVHs of the normal tissue of all 3D plans were superior to 2D plans and this trend was more definite when total dose was escalated to 72 Gy (NTCPs of normal brain 2D $plans:27\%,\;8\%\rightarrow\;3D\;plans:1\%,\;1\%$). Various dose statistic values did not show any consistent trend. A 3D plan using 3 noncoplanar portals was selected as a model radiotherapy plan. 2) Suprasellar tumor; NTCPs of all 3D plans and 2D plans did not show significant difference because the total dose of this tumor was only 54 Gy. DVHs of normal brain and brainstem were significantly different for different plans. D5, V85, V95 and mean values showed some consistent trend that was compatible with DVH. All 3D plans were superior to 2D plans even when 3 portals (fronto-vertex and 2 lateral fields) were used for 2D plans. A 3D plan using 7 portals was worse than plans using fewer portals. A 3D plan using 5 noncoplanar portals was selected as a model plan. 3) Thalamic tumor; NTCPs of all 3D plans were lower than the 2D plans when the total dose was elevated to 72 Gy. DVHs of normal tissues showed similar results. V83, V85, V95 showed some consistent differences between plans but not between 3D plans. 3D plans using 5 noncoplanar portals were selected as a model plan. 4) Parietal (fronto- and occipito-) tumors; all NTCPs of the normal brain in 3D plans were lower than in 2D plans. DVH also showed the same results. V83, V85, V95 showed consistent trends with NTCP and DVH. 3D plans using 5 portals for frontoparietal tumor and 6 portals for occipitoparietal tumor were selected as model plans. Conclusion : NTCP and DVH showed reasonable differences between plans and were through to be useful for comparing plans. All 3D plans were superior to 2D plans. Best 3D plans were selected for tumors in each site of brain using NTCP, DVH and finally by the planner's decision.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2007

본 연구는 세기 변조된 multiple noncoplanar arc를 이용한 방사선수술 기법을 평가하기 위해 고안되었다. 정위적 방사선수술은 0.5 cm resolution의 MLC가 장착된 6-MV X-ray beam을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 단일 중심점(single isocenter)으로 5 gantry-couch 조합을 이용한 intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT)를 응용하였다. 저자들은 2 cm의 구형 표적용적에 대하여 $25{\times}25cm$ 아크릴 팬톰으로 선량분포 특성을 조사하였다. 단일 중심점을 이용한 방사선조사에서 구형의 표적에 대하여 비교적 적절한 선량분포를 얻을 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 80%의 선량 곡선이 frontal, saglttal, transverse planes에서 표적 용적을 적절히 포함하였으며, 40%와 80% 선량곡선 사이는 $4.0{\sim}4.5mm$이었다. 이것은 cylindrical cone을 이용한 다른 연구자들의 선량분포와 유사한 결과였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 사용한 방사선수술 기법을 비정형적 모양의 뇌내 표적에 대한 방사선수술시에 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1990

안벽에 계류된 선박에 대한 준정적(Quasi-Static)계류해석 방법이 정식화되었다. 본 해석방법은 태풍내습시의 안벽계류나 Load-Out시의 계류시 설계 그리고 터미날의 초기 설계등에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있다. 대개 $10{\sim}20$개의 계류삭으로 이루어지는 전체 계류계의 탄성거동은 계류삭의 길이가 대부분 짧고, 같은 평면이 있지 않으므로 인해 복잡한 비선형 현상을 보인다. 이를 처리하기 위하여 외력에 대해 전체 계류계가 준정적 거동을 한다는 가정하에 상기 거론한 모든 비선형 현상을 고려할 수 있는 하중증가법(Load Increment Technique)이 채택되었다.